perm filename UUO.ME[S,DOC]5 blob
sn#252461 filedate 1976-12-04 generic text, type C, neo UTF8
COMMENT ⊗ VALID 00371 PAGES
C REC PAGE DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00050 00002 SECTION 1--INTRODUCTION
C00066 00003 1.1 UUOs (Un-Used Operation codes)
C00071 00004 1.2 Extended UUOs
C00074 00005 1.3 CALLs and CALLIs
C00078 00006 1.4 UUO Trapping and User-Defined UUOs
C00082 00007 1.5 DEC vs. Stanford UUOs
C00083 00008 1.6 Understanding this Manual
C00087 00009 SECTION 2--GENERAL INPUT/OUTPUT
C00091 00010 2.1 User I/O Channels
C00094 00011 2.2 Data Modes
C00102 00012 2.3 Dump Mode Command Lists
C00107 00013 2.4 Buffer Rings
C00112 00014 2.5 Buffers
C00115 00015 DIAGRAM OF A 2-BUFFER RING
C00120 00016 2.6 Device I/O Status Word
C00130 00017 2.7 Files
C00134 00018 UFDs--User File Directories
C00137 00019 Disk File Protection System
C00145 00020 Disk Project-Programmer Names
C00148 00021 DSKPPN [OP=047, ADR=400071] CALLI 400071
C00151 00022 2.8 Initializing a Device
C00156 00023 INIT [OP=041]
C00160 00024 OPEN [OP=050]
C00162 00025 2.9 Setting Up Buffer Rings
C00165 00026 INBUF [OP=064]
C00166 00027 OUTBUF [OP=065]
C00167 00028 UINBF [OP=704]
C00169 00029 UOUTBF [OP=705]
C00170 00030 BUFLEN [OP=047, ADR=400042] CALLI 400042
C00172 00031 2.10 Opening Files
C00174 00032 LOOKUP [OP=076]
C00182 00033 ENTER [OP=077]
C00191 00034 RENAME [OP=055]
C00197 00035 Read-Alter Mode
C00201 00036 Disk Error Codes for LOOKUP, ENTER and RENAME
C00205 00037 2.11 Transferring Data
C00206 00038 IN [OP=056]
C00209 00039 INPUT [OP=066]
C00210 00040 OUT [OP=057]
C00214 00041 OUTPUT [OP=067]
C00215 00042 WAIT [OP=047, ADR=10] CALLI 10
C00217 00043 2.12 Terminating I/O
C00218 00044 CLOSE [OP=070]
C00222 00045 RELEAS [OP=071]
C00224 00046 REASSI [OP=047, ADR=21] CALLI 21
C00226 00047 2.13 Saving and Restoring I/O Channels
C00228 00048 IOPUSH [OP=724]
C00230 00049 IOPOP [OP=725]
C00232 00050 IOPDL [OP=726]
C00236 00051 2.14 Random Access to Files
C00240 00052 USETI [OP=074]
C00242 00053 USETO [OP=075]
C00244 00054 UGETF [OP=073]
C00246 00055 2.15 I/O Status Testing and Setting
C00247 00056 GETSTS [OP=062]
C00248 00057 SETSTS [OP=060]
C00249 00058 STATZ [OP=063]
C00251 0@`jr∪M)β)≡@@@@@@@@↓7∨ z@lc:~)ε``dTd@``β↓Y@&≤B:NR~↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Au; Zt4T→AAI+1↓AAβ1D&∩-2∞"Iα↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓α\zAuA#91αε%⊃uRuαα∞ε2dI↓P4T→AAI3 ↓AAβ1H&∩-2VN∃α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓α\zAuA#91αε%⊃uQAβ↓UFuαα∞ε2dI↓QAβ↓UD4T→AAI31↓AAβ1L&Bt
6∃↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓α\zAuA#91αε%⊃uQAβ↓A↑uαα∞ε2dI↓QAβ↓A\4T→AAI3A↓AAβ1P&∩-2:V5α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓α\zAuA#91αε%⊃uQAβ ARuαα∞ε2dI↓QAβ AP4T→AAI;↓↓AAβ1T&R%J&>Mα↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓α\zAuA#91αε%⊃uQAβ↓ERuαα∞ε2dI↓QAεβ β"Pfε MlDε
Fa(λλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧∀q0jI3sHε5+5∃ ∀∩3T
Z su*J∃5β!(l Fvh εεMb(∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧ kL$∧∃∃⊗$λ8z≠m≥Yh_-lλ∪⊃D ;\y..~;{AQPl ε&n( εε
Nα$∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ efHλ⊂m|→<h
,=≥<Ml9λ→M}H⊂z ≡X8⎇ ↑\h∃∂≡→9β!(l Gεh _ ≠≤DPλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂→W P⊂**⊗jjgFB!X_→∞~⊂__ ≠X∧j∃,jjgH⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗gh≡X
XnFE⊂X_→≤
P___
XDdg⊂d)+Pλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂-Sh≡X~LV⊂ aOX.P⊂∃*,jjSP_⊗εB!X_→∞≠⊂__ ≠Y∧gUj!d)λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗gh≡X
XV⊂ P↑XnPλ**,jUgP_VβE!X_ ≤≠P_ _≠YDRg!d)∀P⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~XV⊂⊂a↑Y.H⊂**,UjgP→ εE!X →≤≤⊂ __≠Zαgjj)U)⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~XVλ a↑YWP⊂**⊗jjgP VεE!L_→≤≤H___≠MDdg!R+f⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂-gT≡X~XK⊂ a↑M.P⊂*∃,jjgH~⊗εE⊂X_→≤LP___
[∧dg⊂d)f⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂-Sh≡X~LV⊂ aOZnP⊂∃*,jjSP~VεB!X_→∞Y⊂__ ≠[DcQj&$gλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗gh≡X
XV⊂ P↑[.Pλ**,jUgP≠⊗βE!X_ XY⊂_ _≠\∧Tbj&$S⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~XV⊂⊂a↑[nH⊂**,UjgP≠KεE!X →XZ⊂ __≠\Bi"iaPg⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~XVλ a↑XL.P⊂*∃,jjgH_X⊗εB!X_→L[P__ ≤_∧aS)!#$H⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗gh≡X
XV⊂ P↑XXnH⊂**,UjgP_LVεE!L_→X\λ___≤ Daf)⊂#'P⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂-gT≡X~XK⊂ a↑LY.P⊂∃*,jjSP_Y⊗βE!X_ X\P_ _≤→∧Rg)edT⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~XV⊂⊂a↑XYWP⊂**⊗jjgP YVεE⊂X__β20 00@pf∪∪9/β∪(@@@@@@@Am∨ z`TbXAβ zbi:A))3U+≡@bPX~∃ε@`fdd```pP∪' )¬π(@@@@@@@A7∨@z`jb0AβεzDk:@AQ)3++<@bjX4∃ε``Ldp@`@`pj∪Q)% β⊂@@@@@@@@↓7∨ z@jbXA¬εzbmt@A))e++≡@DlX~∃ ``ffP@````l∪∨+Q
∪,@@@@@@@A7= z`jDXAβεtbo:@↓))3+U≡@bn0~∃ε`@ffl@@``pn$@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@f\hA≠Sg
KYYC9K←kf↓))2AU+∨f~)ε``fLn@``@pp∪)Q3≠ &@@@@@@@Am∨ z`PnXAβ⊃$zh`@`ho:Aπβ→1∩@h`@`hn~)ε``fPd@``β↓ad&u*26⊗~↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Auβ!]1α "IuQβ↓EERj↓α∞εdb%↓Qβ↓EEPhR
AA6C*βεεβK~9d, :tααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪kFεββ3;Tα∧≤→IDJβFεββ31Q$≠βε6C:βεεβKλ__5$≤
$ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪kFεβ β[Tα∧≤→IDJβFεβ βQQ$≠βε6CBβε π⊗B5∃ ~rtλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ⊗iz∂,
εuλ⊂1
'- ε⊗-W(∧λp3∪ ∀
ε⊗-C"H6 m&∧ π⊗b5∃ →SpH∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ⊗iz∂,
εuλ⊂1
'- ε⊗,w(∧λp3∪ ∀
ε⊗,c"H6 m&$ π⊗α0u JHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ⊗iz∂,
εuλ⊂1
'- εε 7(∧λp3∪ ∀
εε #"H6 ↓ZM⊂__095 GETLN [OP=047, ADR=34] CALLI 34
C00355 00096 3.5 Pseudo-Teletypes
C00360 00097 PTYUUO
C00361 00098 PTYUUO [OP=711]
C00363 00099 Doing PTYUUOs to TTYs
C00366 00100 PTYGET [OP=711, AC=0] PTYUUO 0,
C00368 00101 PTYREL [OP=711, AC=1] PTYUUO 1,
C000εXr@``D`d∪!Q∪
%
@@@@@@@Am∨ znDbXAβ ze:@↓!)3+U≡@dX4∃ε``Lnb@`@b`f∪A)∨π≥P@@@@@@@@↓7∨ z\bbXA¬εzg:A!)3U+≡@f0~∃ε`@fnd@@`b`h%!)%λE&@@@@@@@A7∨ tnbbX↓βεzit@A!)e++≡@PX~∃ε@`fnh``b`T∪!)%⊂c.@@@@@@@A7∨@znbb0AβεzU:@A!Q3++≡jX~∃ ``fnX@``b@l∪!)]$c&@@@@@@@A7= znbDXAβεtm:@AA)3++<@lX~)ε``f``@``D`n∪!Q/$c.@@@@@@@Am∨ znDbXAβ zo:@↓!)3+U≡@nX4∃ε``Lpd@`@b`p∪A)% &@@@@@@@@↓7∨ z\bbXA¬εzbat@A!)e++≡@D`X~∃ ``fpP@``b@r∪!)]%&n@@@@@@@A7= znbDXAβεtbc:@↓!)3+U≡@bb0~∃ε`@fpl@@`bb`%!)/%Lr@@@@@@@A7∨ tnbbX↓βεzbI:@A!Q3++≡bdX~)ε``f`r@``Dbb∪!Q∂ )_@@@@@@@Am∨ znDbXAβ zbg:A!)3U+≡@bLX~∃ε@`frb``bbH∪!)'∃)_@@@@@@@A7∨@znbb0AβεzDi:@AA)3++<@bhX4∃ε``Lrf@`@bbf∪A)→∨β⊂@@@@@@@@↓7∨ z\bbXA¬εzbkt@A!)e++≡@DjX~∃ ``fr`@``bDh∪!))∨¬0@@@@@@@A7= znbDXAβεtbm:@↓!)3+U≡@bl0~∃ε`@h`h@ SECTION 4--DISPLAY OUTPUT
C00407 00116 4.1 III Displays
C00Pbb@`β↓EE\J↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓Qs⊃↓α∪∂#¬α∪O≠
α∪O≠C3πO_4*
β↓QE]β↓AEE@I↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓β!9M↓¬βπ∨∃¬βK';&+Iα7∞s'CWf S'?ph*
Aβ!Ee↓β↓EEdMαB&>"↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ααn>Ak9AJthR
AA#⊃A↓Aβ I@&¬αN⊗1α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Au;↓I1α →uBuααBB&⎇!↓A0hR
AA#⊃M↓Aβ ID&¬αε∞Qα↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Au;↓I1α →uFuααBB&⎇!↓E0hR
AA#⊃U↓Aβ IH&%αfB>~↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Au;↓I1α →uJuααBB&⎇!↓I0hR
AA#⊃Y↓Aβ IL&%αfN&R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Au;↓I1α →uNuααBB&⎇!↓M0hR
AA#⊃a↓Aε∪∪ ~
¬∀,D∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVvβ∩bλ_3k%T∧¬¬∧→zBβ"AQ$≠βεF3αβεε∪∪(~
∧Ltitααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVvβ∩bλ_3k-T∧¬¬∧→zBβ*AQ$≠βεF3*βεε∪∪0→HUM∧z4ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVvβ∩bλ_3k5T∧¬¬∧→zBβ2AQ$≠βεF3:βεε∪∪8~
∧DdD∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVvβ∩bλ_3k=T∧¬¬∧→zBβ:AQ$≠βεF3Jβεε∪∪@~
¬≥¬∀∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪kFεβ β{Tα∧≤→IDJβFεβ βqQ$≠βεFC
βεε∪∪H∀∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧αααεEc"α
.Vvv≥lr∧&≡>εf∂∀
β⊗}},⊗o_Q(3ββFF"ββε⊗3MZλtL⎇D∧ααα∧∧ααα 9uβkvε5hh(6ββ#G∧βββ⊗6⊂M∧y→u"α∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬9zβk;⊗[PhT6εβ##∀εββ 6!∃∧=8YBαα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; UD∧ ≠V Rα¬λy∀⎇"ε¬@hT6εβ#+∧εββ 61∃∧<_:Bαα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; UD∧ ≠V≠Rα¬λy∀⎇"ε∃@hT6εβ#+∀εββ 6A∃∧<9J"αα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; UD∧ ≠V+Rα¬λy∀⎇"ε%@hT6εβ#+$εββ 6Q∀$%Zλrαα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; UD∧ ≠V;Rα¬λy∀⎇"ε5@hT6εβ#+Dεββ 6a∃∧<→hdzα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; UD∧ ≠VKRα¬λy∀⎇"εE@hT6εβ#+dεββ 6q∃-∧yZdjα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; KQPT≠εεC+Bεεβ ≠↓~U∧<ZhRαα∧∧ααα∧∧¬\⎇πVs ≥QQ$≠βεFSJβεε∪≠H_J¬L≤J$ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVvβ
hQ(3ββFf"ββε⊗CJ∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααβEfRα∧←∞G⊗
λL↔&
λM↔≡~λ=ε∞vl]G_h(6ββ#f4βββ⊗F⊂L$H9∧ r∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬9zβkβFuB∧ J'S#βεεc=j∧λ4 dI∀β#βεεc8h(6ββ#g∀βββ⊗F Jα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧β"sd∧¬&FT
fN&]t¬∨>≡L6@h(6ββ#v4βββ⊗F0M4J9T
α∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬9zβkβFuB∧ J'S#βεεs¬j∧λ4 dI∀β#βεεsh(6ββ#⊗$βββ⊗F@Jα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧β"st∧¬&FTλ↔.&≥t¬∨>≡L6@h(6ββ#↔∧βββ⊗FPL J9T
α∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬9zβkβFuB∧ J'S#βε⊗∪¬j∧λ4 dI∀β#βε⊗∪h(6ββ+π∀βββ⊗F`L∀XZααα∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬9zβkβFuB∧ J'S#βε⊗∪
j∧λ4 dI∀β#βε⊗∪λh(6ββ+⊗∀βββ⊗FpJα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬8X5$Lydβ*jZZ¬∧-$
4,<XYe%_Q(3ββV⊗Bββε⊗C@J∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧
Wπε↑$¬≡.⎇\Vw"
∞&␈&\>FN}aQ$≠βεV∪:βεε∪#H∀∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧αβ*f∀α∧n≥=⊗v: ≥f"∧=≥FfNlt¬≡.⎇\Vw'1Q$≠βεV#∩βεε∪+→I∀t]Z∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪kFεββ∪;Tα∧≤→IDJβFεββ∪1Q$≠βεV#"βεε∪+λ~(Tl
∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪k6{Rα∧8→DdJε6phT6εβ+∪tεββ V!∀≤⎇(V"αα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπSβ#uD∧ %'VCββε⊗Ujαλ8∀dd∀εCββε⊗PhT6εβ+≠∧εββ V1∀
%J8T:α∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπSβ#uD∧ %'VCββε⊗ejαλ8∀dd∀εCββε⊗`hT6εβ+≠4εββ VA∀$-J8T:α∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπSβ#uD∧ %'VCββε⊗ujαλ8∀dd∀εCββε⊗phT6εβ+≠Tεββ VQ∩αα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααβUf"α∧|↑G&Nluu≡/NM⊗v:
<V>n]nB¬∨L≡G/_Q(3ββV6bββε⊗S0M8ZE-=∧∧ααα∧∧ααα 9uβkεFrb∧_J#k≠kTα∧≤→IDJβ6aPT≠εεS≠Bεεβ +q~Tu¬Z(Rαα∧∧ααα∧∧¬\⎇πVβ#:Dλ∀%∪VFββ ε+Rα∧8→DdJεFββ ε!PT≠εεS#
εεβ +↓~4-%
)rαα∧∧ααα∧∧¬\⎇πVβ#:Dλ∀%∪VFβββ& Rα∧8→DdJεFβββ&↓PT≠εεS#~εεβ +⊃~4-$iV"αα∧∧ααα∧∧¬\⎇πVβ#:Dλ∀%∪VFβββ6kRα∧8→DdJεFβββ6aPT≠εεS#*εεβ 3↓~∧|LjJ2αα∧∧ααα∧∧¬\⎇πVs ∃QQ$≠βεVC2βεε∪3λ~8T<t→Tααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪kFεββ≠{Tα∧≤→IDJβFεββ≠qQ$≠βεVC:βεε∪3⊂~8T<uYTααα∧∧ααα∧ 4⎇βVεC:bλ_E∪kFεββ∪≠Tα∧≤→IDJβFεββ∪⊃Q$≠βεVCBβεε∪3_∀∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα
8T≥$→ybβ2UXt-%I→d:⎇8ZE$Lht∧Ltiz$l
I→tph(6ββ+G∀βββ⊗f@Jα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧β0¬L(λλL=→<d ;Yλ
M;9<aQPl εV,λ εε-M"(H5⊃(∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧ st∂&ε
kλλ_∀O,&K(λ⊂h→∪∩(ε⊗β"Pfε
-,Dε -Fa1⊂6(9Uλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ⊗sjπ,
eD⊂1∀GV &ε↔(λλ83∪∩$ε &εβ"Pfε
-,dε -Fq5∩3(ZHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ⊗sjπ,
eD⊂1∀GVLW(∧λp3∪ ∀ LC!(l
&Vλ ε⊗Nα3*:∩31$∧λλλ∧∧λλλ 9t∂,εFkλ⊂(JO,LkTλ⊂p)I∩( F1"Plεε--(εε -N!_0pu →(λλ∧∧λλλ∧∧⊗stπV
k∧λ1∀O&F ,ε≠(λ⊂h→∪∩(εF ,ε⊃"Plεε--Hεε -l↓~U3U →(λλ∧∧λλλ∧∧⊗stπV
k∧λ1∀O&&w(λλ83∪∩$εMc"H6
-&t &v"(λ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧
KLD∧∩[xD ;Y[n-8=~-⎇C"Pfε
-.∧ε -f!0stHTλλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ⊗sjπ,
eD⊂1∀GV,7(∧λp3∪ ∀ ,#!(l
&fλ ε⊗lb4 )pHλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ 9t∂,εFkλ⊂(JO,l Tλ⊂p)I∩( f↓"Plεε-L(εε -m↓_q5∀
Hλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧⊗stπV
k∧λ1∀O&&↔(λλ83∪∩$εMβ"H6
-F4 &v"1q*IP3(∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ⊗iz∂,
εuλ⊂1
'- εεLW(∧λp3∪ ∀
εεLC"H6 α[
⊂__176 SETNAM [OP=047, ADR=43] CALLI 43
C00565 00177 SETCRD [OP=047, ADR=400073] CALLI 400073
C00567 00178 GETPRV [OP=047, ADR=400115] CALLI 400115
C00578 00179 SETPRV [OP=047, ADR=400066] CALLI 400066
C00581 00180 WHO [OP=047, ADR=400112] CALLI 400112
C00583 00181 SLEVEL [OP=047, ADR=400044] CALLI 400044
C00586 00182 RLEVEL [OP=047, ADR=400054] CALLI 400054
C00588 00183 6.3 Looking at the Monitor
C000
`r@``Dph∪≥¬≠ ∪≤@@@@@@@Am∨ z`PnXAβ⊃$zh`@`hg:Aπβ→1∩@h`@`hf~)ε```+IE↓Aβ aT&T∩RNR~↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Auβ!]1α "IuQβ↓AENj↓α∞εdb%↓Qβ↓AELhR
AA3↓E↓Aβ aX&≥:&R∞B↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Auβ!]1α "IuI¬i↓α∞ b2%↓∪4*
β↓YAIβ↓AEa8J∞ε2dJQ↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓αn>βiAQ]bαε∩Ik!AAA;"u↓α≤
22%β!AAA; 4*
β↓YAUβ↓AEa@JN⊗R¬⊃I↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓αn>βiAQ]bαε∩Ik!AAA+∩u↓α≤
22%β!AAA+⊂4*
β↓YEIβ↓AEaHJ≡⊗R¬⊃I↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓αn>βiAQ]bαε∩Ik!AAA+~u↓α≤
22%β!AAA+_4*
β↓YEQβ↓AEeJB⊗⊗Z↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓αn>βiAQ]bαε∩Ik→Nu↓∧~ε22J↓ML4T→AAY 1↓AA ID%↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ααN⊗∞$J>9↓:i6&:$*I6*|⊃α6εLaαNf≥"⊗44T→AAY A↓AA IH&6 J1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓α\zAu] αt4*≠↓AYEJ↓AAEK_%↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓]s ↓αO.s∪';:α7π'`h*
Aβ1IA↓β↓EePM~⊗:⊃α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ααn>Ak9EA1∧
uBj↓α6εLa↓A0hR
AA3⊃M↓Aβ eT&≤ZBN⊗r↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬Z>Au; A1α →uVuαα6ε&b↓U0Q(3ββf&Rββε↔∪0J∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααβuf"α¬,\6.Om≥f:∧\≥⊗`h(6ββ3&dβββ↔⊗pM=(:bαα∧∧ααα∧∧αα¬9zβk;⊗¬B∧ 7V∃jα X∀Lbε∃@hT6εβ3∪tεββ ↔↓∃≥∀:dααα∧∧ααα∧∧α¬\zπS; ¬D∧ ≠V+Rα∧X→∀bβ%APT≠εεc∪Jε ε↔."(∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧εkLh∧
→9:m≥Yh_.D∪8:-L[}→.1"PlεεLlλεε L ↓~rt∪(Tλλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧⊗stπVl, ∧λ0o,kTλ∪0)→λ k↓QPl εfl( εεL "*9t∩∩)Tλλλ∧∧λλλ∧ st∂&v, λλ_o-↔$∧∪02)D
β!(l
F6h ε& B(∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧
q0u →sH∞¬U4t⊂( bk`iλ&gb"CE!X_
~~P_ →_→DH⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∞↔_P⊂∀x0qr]py⊂*UgyFE⊂X_≠~
⊂__→ ~∧ih⊂k`i⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂-Sh≡X~ nFE!L_≠~≤λ__→_
Dih!UcgP⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂-gT≡X~≠K⊂ b)∂Z___ →nP⊂⊂`f&$H~___ →FE!L_≠~Yλ__→_
∧b$iSdiP⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂-gT≡X~≠K⊂ b)∂Z___ ~.P⊂⊂`f&$H~___ ~εE!L_≠~YH__→_
DP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂)bPj$ggλ≤VVjTbi⊂$S*"i)∃h*)FB!X_≠
[⊂__ _≤∧Pλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ≤W_Pλ'2{V\z<v2H$w:2\9:x:≤FE!X ≠≤≠⊂ _→_≤Bdg*"S!⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___→
nP⊂!Pf&$P
___→
FE!X ≠≤≤⊂ _→_Xαdg*'T&P⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___→
.P⊂!Pf&$P
___→
εE!X ≠≤≤P _→_XBdg* PfP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___→
nP⊂!Pf&$P
___→
FE!X ≠≤X⊂ _→_Yαdg*"S)P⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___→L.P⊂!Pf&$P
___→LεE!X ≠≤XP _→_YBaf%dS*⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂[X[nCE!X_
≤ZP_ →_Z∧Q$ifdTP⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __→~↔P⊂!`S&$P~ __→~βE!X_
≤\⊂_ →_ZDUk`djλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __→Z↔P⊂!`S&$P~ __→ZβE!X_
X→⊂_ →_[∧Q"a)"PeP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __→ZWP⊂!`S&$P~ __→ZCE!X_
X~⊂_ →_[DRk`djλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __~_↔P⊂!`S&$P~ __~_βE!X_
X~P_ →_\∧Rbg!+H⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __~~WP⊂!`S&$P~ __~~CE!X_
X≠⊂_ →_\DRg*#bS⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __→YWP⊂!`S&$P~ __→YCE!X_
X≠P_ →→_∧Rg*$i∀P⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡L~≠V⊂⊂b)≡Z __→Y↔P⊂!`S&$P~ __→YβE!X_
X≤P_ →→_DRg*&iRP⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ-gh≡MY_.FB!X_≠LXP__ →→∧dSieijλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗gh≡[L_nFE⊂X_≠XL⊂__→ →DdfTeaf⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂-Sh≡[Y .FE!L_≠XYH__→→
∧dg*∃jgP⊂λP=723]
C00714 00225 INTDEJ [OP=723, AC=0] INTUUO 0,
C00716 00226 IMSTW [OP=723, AC=1] INTUUO 1,
C00717 00227 IWKMSK [OP=723, AC=2] INTUUO 2,
C00719 00228 INTDMP [OP=723, AC=3] INTUUO 3,
C00722 00229 INTIPI [OP=723, AC=4] INTUUO 4,
C00724 00230 IMSKCR [OP=723, AC=5] INTUUO 5,
C00725 00231 9.2 Old-style Interrupts
C00728 00232 APRENB [OP=047, ADR=16] CALLI 16
C00729 00233 SETPOV [OP=047, ADR=32] CALLI 32
C00731 00234 SECTION 10--LIBRASCOPE FAST BAND STORAGE
C00736 00235 10.1 Getting and Releasing Fast Bands
C00737 00236 UFBGET [OP=047, ADR=400010] CALLI 400010
C00740 00237 UFBGIV [OP=047, ADR=400011] CALLI 400011
C00741 00238 UFBCLR [OP=047, ADR=400012] CALLI 400012
C00742 00239 10.2 Reading and Writing Fast Bands
C00743 00240 FBREAD [OP=706]
C00746 00241 FBWRT [OP=707]
C00748 00242 10.3 Miscellaneous Fast Band UUOs
C00749 00243 UFBPHY [OP=047, ADR=400055] CALLI 400055
C00751 00244 UFBSKP [OP=047, ADR=400056] CALLI 400056
C00752 00245 FBWAIT [OP=047, ADR=400057] CALLI 400057
C00753 00246 UFBERR [OP=047, ADR=400060] CALLI 400060
C00754 00247 SECTION 11--MISCELLANEOUS UUOS
C00755 00248 EXIT [OP=047, ADR=12] CALLI 12
C00757 00249 SLEEP [OP=047, ADR=31] CALLI 31
C00759 00250 RESET [OP=047, ADR=0] CALLI 0
C00765 00251 SWAP [OP=047, ADR=400004] CALLI 400004
C00775 00252 RUN [OP=047, ADR=35] CALLI 35
C00777 00253 TMPCOR [OP=047, ADR=44] CALLI 44
C00787 00254 TMPCRD [OP=047, ADR=400103] CALLI 400103
C00790 00255 UUOSIM [OP=047, ADR=400106] CALLI 400106
C00795 00256 WAKEME [OP=047, ADR=400061] CALLI 400061
C00799 00257 JOBRD [OP=047, ADR=400050] CALLI 400050
C00802 00258 LOCK [OP=047, ADR=400076] CALLI 400076
C00805 00259 UNLOCK [OP=047, ADR=400077] CALLI 400077
C00806 00260 SETDDT [OP=047, ADR=2] CALLI 2
C00807 00261 SPWBUT [OP=047, ADR=400000] CALLI 400000
C00809 00262 EIOTM [OP=047, ADR=400005] CALLI 400005
C00810 00263 LOGIN [OP=047, ADR=15] CALLI 15
C00813 00264 LOGOUT [OP=047, ADR=17] CALLI 17
C00814 00265 SECTION 12--OBSOLETE OR OTHERWISE USELESS UUOS
C00816 00266 12.1 Old UUOs
C00817 00267 INTIIP [OP=047, ADR=400031] CALLI 400031
C00819 00268 USKIP [OP=047, ADR=400041] CALLI 400041
C00821 00269 LIOTM [OP=047, ADR=400006] CALLI 400006
C00822 00270 DDTIN [OP=047, ADR=1] CALLI 1
C00824 00271 DDTOUT [OP=047, ADR=3] CALLI 3
C00825 00272 GETCHR [OP=047, ADR=6] CALLI 6
C00826 00273 SETNAM [OP=047, ADR=400002] CALLI 400002
C00827 00274 SEGSIZ [OP=047, ADR=400022] CALLI 400022
C00828 00275 12.2 Useless UUOs
C00830 00276 SECTION 13--INDIVIDUAL DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS
C00831 00277 13.1 The Disk (DSK and new-style UDP)
C00837 00278 Long Block LOOKUPs, ENTERs and RENAMEs
C00840 00279 Record Offset
C00844 00280 Disk I/O Status Word Summary
C00845 00281 MTAPE UUOs for the Disk
C00846 00282 MTAPE [OP=072]
C00875 00283 13.2 TTYs
C00883 00284 13.3 The Line Printer
C00888 00285 LPT I/O Status Word Summary
C00891 00286 13.4 The XGP
C00893 00287 Video Mode
C00902 00288 Character Mode
C00919 00289 XGP I/O Status Word Summary
C00921 00290 XGP MTAPE UUO
C00922 00291 MTAPE [OP=072]
C00937 00292 XGPUUO UUO
C00938 00293 XGPUUO [OP=047, ADR=400075] CALLI 400075
C00942 00294 13.5 Dectapes
C00944 00295 Dectape I/O Status Word Summary
C00947 00296 Old Dectape Format
C00951 00297 UTPCLR [OP=047, ADR=13] CALLI 13
C00952 00298 13.6 Magnetic Tapes
C00954 00299 Magnetic Tape I/O Status Word Summary
C00957 00300 MTAPE UUO for Magnetic Tapes
C00958 00301 MTAPE [OP=072]
C00961 00302 13.7 Paper Tape Punch/Plotter
C00966 00303 13.8 Paper Tape Reader
C00969 00304 13.9 User Disk Pack
C00973 00305 Old-Style UDP Usage
C00978 00306 ENTER [OP=077]
C00980 00307 RENAME [OP=055]
C00982 00308 UDP I/O Status Word Summary
C00983 00309 13.10 The New AD & DA Converters (ADC, DAC)
C00991 00310 ADC/DAC I/O Status Word Summary
C00994 00311 MTAPE UUO for the ADC and the DAC
C00995 00312 MTAPE [OP=072]
C01006 00313 13.11 The Old AD/DA Converter
C01015 00314 AD I/O Status Word Summary
C01017 00315 13.12 TV Cameras
C01032 00316 TV I/O Status Word Summary
C01033 00317 13.13 The IMP
C01042 00318 IMP I/O
C01052 00319 IMP MTAPEs
C01053 00320 MTAPE [OP=072]
C01076 00321 13.14 The PDP-11 Interface: ELF
C01077 00322 ELF I/O Status Word Summary
C01080 00323 UUOs with Special Meanings for ELF
C01081 00324 USETI [OP=074]
C01083 00325 USETO [OP=075]
C01089 00326 UGETF [OP=073]
C01091 00327 RELEAS [OP=071]
C01092 00328 MTAPE [OP=072]
C01096 00329 13.15 The Voice Synthesizer (Voder)
C01098 00330 13.16 The Cart Control Transmitter (CAR)
C01099 00331 The Cart Control Interface
C01106 00332 The Transmitter
C01109 00333 SECTION 14--SPECIAL I/O GADGETS
C01110 00334 14.1 The Dialer
C01111 00335 DIAL [OP=047, ADR=400117] CALLI 400117
C01119 00336 14.2 III Display Processor
C01120 00337 TSS Instruction
C01124 00338 LVW Instruction
C01128 00339 SRW Instruction
C01130 00340 CHR Instruction
C01132 00341 JMP Instruction
C01133 00342 HLT Instruction
C01134 00343 JMS Instruction
C01138 00344 JSR Instruction
C01140 00345 SAVE Instruction
C01142 00346 REST Instruction
C01144 00347 SEL Instruction
C01146 00348 14.3 Data Disc Display System
C01150 00349 Text Word
C01153 00350 Graphics Word
C01155 00351 Halt Instruction
C01156 00352 Jump Instruction
C01158 00353 No Operation
C01160 00354 Command Word
C01176 00355 SECTION 15--EXAMPLES
C01177 00356 15.1 Example of General I/O
C01185 00357 15.2 Example of Display Programming
C01194 00358 15.3 Example of Using Interrupts
C01199 00359 APPENDIX 1--GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PDP-10
C01203 00360 PC Flags
C01208 00361 IOT-USER Mode
C01211 00362 Text Representations
C01213 00363 Assembler Features Relevant to this Manual
C01215 00364 APPENDIX 2--JOB DATA AREA
C01234 00365 APPENDIX 3--LOW CORE ADDRESSES OF USEFUL POINTERS IN THE MONITOR
C01269 00366 APPENDIX 4--DEVICE DATA BLOCKS (DDBS)
C01278 00367 APPENDIX 5--QUEUE NAMES AND NUMBERS
C01281 00368 APPENDIX 6--STANFORD CHARACTER SET
C01285 00369 APPENDIX 7--UUOS BY NUMBER
C01291 00370
C01295 00371 INDEX
C01334 ENDMK
C⊗;
SECTION 1--INTRODUCTION
This document describes the UUOs (monitor calls) available to users
of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory timesharing
system. Additional information relevant to the use of the UUOs is
contained in the introductory section and in the appendices. This
manual supersedes SAILON 55.3.
The reader is assumed to know the PDP-10 instruction set and format,
data types and assembly languages. However, the aspects of these
subjects that are relevant to this manual are explained in Appendix
1. The user who is new to the PDP-10 should read that appendix
before going any further. The experienced user may skip to Section
1.6, UNDERSTANDING THIS MANUAL.
1.1 UUOs (Un-Used Operation codes)
UUOs are monitor calls which make use of instruction codes that would
otherwise be unused or illegal. The opcodes from 000 to 077 are not
used by any machine instruction, and opcodes from 700 to 777 are
input/output machine instructions, which are normally illegal in user
programs. All these opcodes tp¬¬`Ai↑↓iQJA5←]Si=dXAo!SGPA
C\Ai!K\Ai¬WJ~∃]QCiKYKd@A¬GiS←8@AShAIKK5fACaAe←ae%CiJ\@A)C-S]N@↓CImC9iCOJA←LAQQSf~)gSik¬iS←\0AiQJ↓gsgi∃ZAIKMSO]CQKfAg=[JA←_AiQKMJA←a
←IKf↓i↑@A JA[←9Si←d4∃GCY1fAM←HAGKeQCS\A
←[[←8AMk]
iS←]LAgkG ACfA$←≡\@↓)Qkf↓oQK]∃mKd@↓BA++<~∃Sf↓K]G←U]iKe∃HAS\AiQJ↓S]giIkGiS=\AgiIKCZXAiQJ↓[←]SQ←dASL@AGC1YKHAQ↑~∃KaKGki∀AiQJ↓Mk]GQS←\A
←eeKMa←]I%]N@AQ↑AiQ∀AaCeQSGkY¬dA++<\@@A]QK\AQQJ~∃→k]Gi%←\@A!CfAE∃K\@A∃qKGkQKHXA
←]ie=X@Ae∃ike]LAi↑@↓iQJ@↓kgKd↓ae←OICZ\~)'←[J↓++∨fA[Cr↓iCWJ↓gWS`AeKiUe]fv↓iQCh↓SfX@↓G←]iI←XAI=Kf@A9←hAC1oCsf4∃eKiUe\@A¬h@Ai!J@AS9giek
iS←\AS[[∃ISCi∃Yr@A→←YY←]S]N@↓iQJ@A++≡0@AEkP~∃g←5KiS[∃f@ACP@A←]∀A←L@↓iQJ@↓]Kqh↓S]giIkGiS=]f@A¬MiKdAiQCP@A←]∀\@A)!J~∃S9ISmS⊃kCX@↓oeSi∃kaf@↓KqaY¬S\@A]QK\@↓B@A+U≡@Ag-SafvAk]Y∃gfA←QQKeo%gJ~∃⊃KgGe%EKHX↓B@A+U≡OfAIKike8ASf@↓CYoCefACh↓iQJ@↓S]giIkGiS=\AS[5KISCQKYr~)M←YY=oS]N↓iQJAU+≡\~(~∃'←5J@A+U∨fAi¬WJ@A¬eOk[∃]ifA=d@Ae∃ike\↓mCYk∃f@AS8Ao←e⊃f@AS8@As←UdAG←IJ~∃S5COJ\A∪\@↓gkGP↓GCgKL@AiQ∀Ao←e⊃f@AG¬\AEJACGGU[kYCQ←ef@!βπfR0@AEkPAB~∃ Y←GVA←LAMkGP@↓o←eIL@A[kMhA]←P@AKqQK]HA Ks←]⊂@AiQ∀@AYCMhACG
k[kY¬i←d~(Q←Gi¬X@bn$@AEK
CkgJ↓o←eIL@d`@↓iQe←UOP@f\AS\@↓BAkg∃dOfA
←eJ@↓S[CO∀ACeJ4∃kgK⊂AEr@↓iQJAMsgiK4@AM←HAgaK
SCX@↓iK[a=eCer↓gi←e¬OJ@A=LAgKQf@A←_Aβπf8~∀Q/=eIf@P`@Ai!e←kO @bfn↓CeJ@↓kgKH↓ErAi!J@AgegiKZ↓i↑@AMi←eJ↓S]M←I[CiS=\~∃C ←khAQQJAU=D\@AQQSfAACehA=L@AB↓G←eJ↓S[CO∀ASfAIKMKeIKHAi<ACf@↓iQJA)←D~∃⊃CiBA¬eKBv↓iQJA⊃CiBAMi←eK⊂AQKe∀ASfA⊃KgGe%EKHA%\AβaAK]IS`@d\R4∀~∃≥=iJAC1g↑Ai!ChAg=[JA+U∨f@A!CmJAU]kgK⊂ACeOU[K]h↓MSKY⊃f\@AMkGP@↓BAMS∃YH~∃MQ←kY⊂AEJA5CIJAiKe↑AM↑AiQ¬hASL↓ChAg=[JAY¬iKdAQS[JA%hAEK
←[Kf↓kgKH↓M←d~)BA]K\AMKCQkeJX↓C\A←1HAae=OeCZ↓kgS]≤AiQCPA++≡↓oSYX↓giSY0Ao←`⊗Y84(hRO?7*β?→β&C∃↓β␈β∂?∪/→β;?"β∪↔≠Ns↔⊃β↔I↓βSF)βOg∨#↔5β∂∪∃βπ6 '3π⊗c∃↓β&yβS#(h+WO/⊃↓β≠␈⊃β∪↔6K;';:↓β#'~↓β?←rβOC↔≡Kπ1↓πβWKC␈≠∃αV,{M9↓ααS#∃αβ7↔SF{⊃β≠␈⊂4+∪.3';'v9βS#/≠∃αV,{Mβ'~↓β↔cεcπ';.!β'9¬≠↔∂SN{9↓Es!9↓αMε*α <↔&.⎇}&N/4
v0h-}ε≡}L↑2π& ≡Bε∂,Tπ/≡\Dε6␈$
U,␈4 ↔⊗+!Q hR∧∧ααα∧∧βββ∧∧ααα ≥G>∂≡4εNfL\v∞bAQ"αα∧∧αααεεβ Sε6rπ/<↑"n&\m⊗v∞-LR¬-Y}2`h$∧ααα∧∧αββFπ#β;t∞7O∨L]Rn&\m⊗v.D∞&.?]L↔∩¬ZYw~`Q$ααα∧∧ααβvεβS;vtπ∨O>LVjnL\fNv\D∧L⎇D
U,␈5aPPh*Mε*∧→zB¬-Yz2ε∂,Tε∂6≥≥F∞⊗LTαε}mO∩π> ]bπ& Tππ⊗|}&∞j
≡2∧tzDαεNd ∀⎇"ZZ4-⊂Q-V}&W4εNr∧ ∀⎇"ZZ4-∩
]v&*∧∞FF/<Tε␈ε=|F/~∧ ↔⊂ (≠8,=~;Y$∧∩+sd
;\⎇∞.8⎇~-⎇\c"M≥\⎇→,≤ Hλλ∀≥<y.$≤≤[l}X;(∞⎇;≠λ∧
[⎇λ ,(~;D 3u *Zq4H
]y→(∞][→<n4λ~=∧
_<c!,≠{Y$∧≤{{,↑~~;Ltλ≤| \z8;∧∧≥≠h∧ y=λ
≥]≠h∧∞~_=∧∧≠;y UHλλλm|Hλ ∀_{{.
→=→!QY>≤
L;X=
≥{H≠ld∩3u¬Z4q4D
;y→%D≤y9$λ<≤→-l~>λε∃C"C!(Z;X-M≡+λ∧ (λλ∞>→8z,≥λλ→L\=≥<LTλ_;
M⎇|h∧∧≥~→$∧≥<y.$λ≥≠d∧λ~_.l(λ≠M}[8;↓Q\}<nL;+9 \Z;Y,Dλ∃5)}h≥≤L≡λλ≥
t_(λ ⎇=Y;D
≠xx.M;{H∧
;H≥
(λ≥.<<H≤∞-y|X-Q"Z;N>→89∧∧≠yH∧ Y:;Ltλ→> \⎇=→,Dλ_↑$∞~→(∧∞}<⎇ ]+Hλ∧λ[|H∧ →=_-≥≤hλ
|H≥~
≡c"YL\=≥<LUλ≤y,T≥~→$
53ti→(∃5)t≠{H∞ 9y(ε&-+C! 1.2 Extended UUOs
In order to define more UUOpε↓iQC\AiQKIJACe∀A←aG=IK`
αβπ[πNcπ 3*aβS←xh+CKNkπKeεk↔S#}#Mβπ⊗)β↔7εc?g↔"βS#π"βπ33␈9β¬β≡K;∨3*β?C∂}#∃↓β&yβK↔π∪↔O↔w 4+7∞seβ∪N3≠↔K.sQαV,yβ≠Wv≠S'?w→9↓αMε*α m↔↔∨D
v2πM W≡*
\W&F|N2εO4∧π&z∞↑6(h.↓~ T≥X;∞\(≠yD∞~→( ≤x⎇;.]_=≠n$
⊂0e∀→Z9-Lλ~;D∞42P~w9z9≥qz4w[⊂:7P≤x2qtY<FE7[2P⊂7Y⊂→_⊂λ∀7qz_v∀P⊂≤7yytX62P*UgyP⊂→7y⊂⊂_P3t{→w⊂⊂7\1wr2K⊂⊂⊂*~:yV⊂→7yεE→|0vx≠2V⊂⊂≥42P'Uj)j)λ⊂*jgH∀;t4Xt⊂⊂:≡x2yP≠zz⊂⊂_w⊂ iPdm⊂⊂≤z94w→P⊂7wλ:42FB:2y6Zw0v∀H4yP4[;7urY⊂1<P≤x2qtY<tw3H:42P≠x1wr→P_~XH0w2⊂≥42P PP34r[2⊂→WβE*42\2P0y→P1zy≤2tεtly six opcodes that use the value of the AC field in
this manner. Each of these opcodes hapεABAO∃]KeS @A[]∃[←]S Ah∂#N≠!04W#?∨↔&C↔I↓π;'S!ε ↓βOε+∂'≠N→β[πg+∃↓β6{IβSF)↓αε~β≠'↔f!1↓β≡ 9β *↓βWO.!βPεqQ&NvM≤6∂&T ∩απ> V≡Nm≤2¬-Yubα∧≥dαε∞LM↔&N⎇eBε.≤=αε≡⎇\&Nv≡M⊗}r∧
v2ε|]f/⊗≤1PVnl]V}v≤4ε∞vD∞7ε.=≤fN~λ_2ε6≤]F"ε ≡2ε
∞>ε.≡≤m⊗~ε]lVn}m≤2π>
≤6Bε≥N6zε<≥`hV,Tπ/≡\Dαπ&t
⊗v&≤<↔&*∞Mε*α
ZTzr∧ wε≡|LRββV∀αεF≡h∞M→(λ |;Y<M≤h≠;L];{Z,1"↓**⊗jjgVλ0w2⊂∃*,jjSP⊂;t]4⊂0wλ aP3~rv2⊂λ7s⊂→H40xβ the specific mnemonic
OUTSTR. P !kfAi!JAM←1Y←oS9NAiQIKJAY%]KfA=LAG←⊃JACe∀AKck%mCYK9h\@@!β $~)SfAC8@AC`⊗;W7↔w!β?→π##'MααVV=Zβ'Qβ∨β↔∂'6K↔M↓π##∃β∞#∪K↔∨→β?→αβS#∃∧
N∞&Ph+OS⊗K;≥β&yβ ∃π#gC↔"β?WQrH4(4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓α zZE≥%$λ∀%⊂Q$ααα∧∧αα¬JK∃-,tε2d J!PRα∧∧ααα∧εβ+ ⊗Fαbd_J hPQ)f␈&UDεF␈|↑f/∩D∞FF∂D
f␈" ≥Fbε|dπ&FT
Vv.]⎇fN∨4 ↔⊂ (~{M}{H_O∀_;≠∧∧≠yH∞M→#"L≡|y;,-→<\d∧≠|H ≥≠λλ
|H≥~ Tλ→→,.9yy..kHλλh23 ∧∧~≠⎇l↑Y<K∧ y=≤d∧~=≤d
53c!-;Y;-⎇Z8h L9Z;M≡~;{N4→~<L\⎇≠≡$ \[{$∧≥~→$∞}<⎇ ](_;LD≥~≥.4~<h∧ ;≥x/≡h≥<↓Q]≠h L=→+∧ =Y;D
]<⎇∧ 9]→.$_(≠L↑h∃5)t~_<d Y9;D 9→→ →↔εEβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ W→P⊂⊂`f&9H0w2⊂⊂`f&$\FEεEβE*42H9rqw[2⊂6r]47r⊂≠s⊂22Y4w4w→P6pw≡P*jg\P;tz~⊂:42H9pvrH7x1wY2P⊂4_yP:;[FE;2\9tww≤W⊂⊂$[⊂7w2H7s⊂:~2yrVλ:42P_r292\yP34Yv2⊂7Y⊂:42H*jgP≤7tw:≤P⊂:7H0FE;[y2⊂;Z4qt⊂_ww:0Zw9P:~2P9t↑14z⊂≠0vrP≠s⊂:4→P*jgH3:w1]4ww⊂λ22yt\2r↔⊂λ$wεE≥42P7]42y⊂≥2y9t[w⊗⊂:~2P0r→92yyH34rv→⊂7s⊂≥42P*UgP4yH4z9r[3⊂⊂:~2P7:[q2yεB7s⊂:~2P3:[1z4w[⊂22yZy2r↔λ⊂*42H7x1wY2P4wλ:42P→4y9zλ1pyrH4yP_
_⊂0w→⊂4z9CE6w2[ww4qH⊂4yP⊂`f&≥H⊂:42H7x1wY2P⊂4[⊂⊂:4→P9rq[w2⊂⊂_pyrP~yP⊂_
≠P⊂0[2⊂4z≤FE6w→vww4XP4yP⊂`f&$H∀37yλ!`f&λ$vvrY4pz2JWεE!Pf&⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗gh≡X
_.FE VVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVCE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊂`f&⊂⊂aV-iRl!$jλ↔↑70[r←↔nCE!`f∪$P⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂-gT≡X~≠WFE⊗VKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂!`S&$P PV≡7:[q2y∨βEεE"↑0qz6≡P⊂:4→P⊂9p[rP⊂*UgP3:[1z4w[9P⊂0\2P⊂0]0tv0X62P⊂≥497zYt⊂⊂:~2yrP≥;wFE≠rz47Y9W⊂⊂λ*4:yK⊂:42H⊂37v≠7{tw→P:;wH⊂64w→yP7sλ⊂1wr→P⊂0y→P3:w_z4ww_v6<FB2xzt]0v2w≥≥P2pXt⊂;t[6⊂1p]yrP2↑2qzz~ww⊂7Y⊂:42H"l$jλ*jgWβEεE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂!`f∪$P_YβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊂`f&⊂λ-idl⊂$j⊂↔Ql$j↔WFEεE∀tw1rH:42y→P⊂0y→P:42\rP⊂:≥wP;2\9tww≤P⊂7sλ1pv6~w3P⊂≥42P9XvrP⊂∃jgyVλ:42FB37v6≠{tw3H30qzλ⊂9t7]v2⊂1→P77z→r↔⊂⊂λ+t2wλ<wzP≥yrP⊂_P!`f∪⊂4w9]2pr⊂λ7s⊂0CE!`f∪$V⊂7≠z⊂7w≠<P27H<wzP≠2rr⊂_w⊂2|≥90P;[y2⊂4[⊂;t4Xt⊂:7H9z7y→P⊂:4→P70vYFE7sλ:42P⊂`f&⊂→:w1z~ww⊗⊂_:z⊂⊂_v9wP
0w2⊂≠wy2P~vx7y≥0w:6≡TP<w]P⊂37\1rP:~2FE9↑yz2vH:7P6≠wuP:\⊂:42H3:w1]4ww⊂λ70vrH4w⊂0H:0q6→P4w⊂≠y22yλ:7P⊂→4w2⊂≠zzεE≥42P3≥w1z4[w⊂7:[q2y↔λ⊂*44\P⊂6rXw9P:~0z⊂:\tw3P⊂`f&9H4w9z→pr⊂⊂≠s⊂!`S&$yFB1y2p]2yP0H9zq9]0w:4Xv⊂0v[zw:⊂λ7s⊂2↑:90P≥wy5P≥40z⊂_wzv2λ⊂12P_wvx6→z2v<CE0{7Zr2r↔λ⊂$w⊂_r24z~ww⊗⊂λ4z⊂4\P2pyZry⊂:≠P⊂:yYP!`f∪$yP4[9z2pY⊂⊂7sλ!`f&≤FE12XpzyrK⊂4w⊂λ# dfλ0w2⊂λ&`ai∪V⊂4sλ⊂<wzH:yrP≥42P⊂≠0vrP≠s⊂⊂0H!`f&λ⊂0yP_wεE7\1wr2K⊂:42H0x89≠x94p]2P!`S&$P;Zv6⊂1→P3rw→y0z2Y↔⊂⊂∀∩w⊂&`Pi'V⊂≠w6<P≥42FE⊃"aP!Pf&$yH⊂0y2H892r→s4w2Y↔∀P⊂λ#7y⊂→|0vx≠2V⊂⊂≥42P3≠v67{Zw3P⊂≥;wP6~w2yFB;tv6λ897r≥qrP:~2P9p[rP6pXt4w2H1wr2KεEεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂!`S&$P_LεE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ"l$jβEεE*~:yP⊂≥42P!Pf&⊂⊂∃jgP⊂~yP2y\rw:4Xv6<Pλ7q9w[2z2]H4z⊂⊂~yP⊂6Yw:4w[2r⊂4→y2FE≠ptw6≡P37yλ1wvx≠2z2w→yyP9XurW⊂λ(62p\rP:yYP!`f∪$yPFBβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ_W~⊂λ*jgP∃90x8~w3P0[2⊂*yYy⊗b2Y4w2rλ*jgyCEεEεB*42P≠rz47Y⊂⊂2v\67|rY⊂1<Pλ:42P∀"(⊗XL⊂:7Pλ:90xλ:7P⊂≥42P6[w4z7\⊂⊂;t→w⊂0wβE:w:\rr⊂7\1wr2H4yP2[1wzw≥2y2rλ4yP:~2P37[67{t[3]εEβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂_Wλ*42Pλ2s32Xz4{2H0r29→yyP⊂_pv1z[0z4w[⊂37yλ⊂:42H⊂4w9]9:qz~ww⊂4\FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂1py≤4rr⊂≠zz⊂0\P:yzXv⊂;t]4⊂:4→P0r2≤2yyP→4rv2 ⊂4w2→|⊂34Yv2⊂0[2εE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂4w→4y2q]⊂14zλ4w⊂:~2P4w≤z9:q]4ww⊂_w2⊂4[⊂0w<H⊂;wy→9P92Y2y2w_rrεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂4[24y2Xz6<P_<P:4→P4w9]9:qz~ww↔εB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂→↔⊂⊂4z9P ⊂:7Pλ_Y⊂∀≠x1wr→P0w2λ aP⊂→4rv2
P7s⊂≥42P⊂~w9z9≥qz4w[⊂0xαe
deposited in bitpε`Ai↑@bdA=LAkg∃d@A←HA[←]%i←d@↓Y←GCQS←\@P`~∀@@@@@@@QI∃aK]I%]N@A=\AoQ∃iQKdAiQJ↓←aG←⊃J@Ae∃aeKg∃]ifA∧@Akg∃d@A←HAB~∀@@@@@@A[=]Si←HA++≡$\@A &C∃β∂∞c∂W3∂#↔⊃β.3≠↔∂&K[∃β∞#∪K↔∨→β≠K}i↓Eβ∞∪?[∀hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓εKMβ∪/β?O'&+⊃β'w#=β O#M↓EBβS=↓≠)↓#π&#K↔O~β≠'↔f!%β?2↓βS#*βOπ7(h)↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ3?∂∂#'?9β!A9↓∧∪'SMβ M↓β&y↓E]αC';∪/Aβ≠'.c⊃βπv!↓β'v#'K↔∨!β '"H4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓β?→π##'Mεc?∂π&K?9β∂∪∃β∂f+πK↔"p4)↓α↓↓↓↓~qαS#*β';O'∪W∂SN{9βπ"β3?∂∂#'?9β!E↓#/≠↔Iβ␈⊃β7?vKS?Iε Mβπ⊗{[∃%εKL4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βSF+9↓β/C↔∂W&+⊃↓↓F M↓βN1↓β≠⊗{5↓β∞q↓αb≥!↓β'w≠SKW∨#'?9Jq↓↓α&C'L4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓βf{∂πSN{9βW∨+π33J↓β∂?w#π';~β¬↓αU~Iβ'w≠SKW∨#'?9αβS=βW+7A↓π#=β∧hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓π≠W K␈+S';*βS=βNsS↔Kπ∪↔Qβ&C∃αV,y9↓α&C∃α*≥⊃βOπ6+M↓β&C∃βC⊗{∨Kπhh)↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ∂?Ww#↔I↓αC←#'≡A↓↓βε{';S~↓βS=αβS#∃α↓β';∨#KW∂&K?9↓εK77↔&KπS↔gH4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓β≠?fc?←'v9βS#*αVV=J↓β≠?∩βK↔S/∪;';:βS=β&C∃↓βπ∪?∨K∞iβ∂?w#π';Ns≤4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βSF)αVVzp4(4U##WMbβ≠?Iε βWO/⊃βS=ε#↔≠'v)β#'~β?←9¬*V?MαCO↔3.≠S↔⊃ε3K?5ε{C∂?&+M↓Aβ βS<hQAM]Ja↓β#*β;↔↔"↓β?;gIβ∪↔ε{O'Qαβ¬α*≥⊃↓β?∩βO'7NcπI↓εK;OS↔+∂S'}q↓β'rβWO↔⊂h+3?≡ S'?r↓QEβ&y↓β+.kAβSzβS#∃π≠W K␈+S';*↓βS#∂!β←'faβ';&+KCK/!↓β#O→βWO/⊂4*V,{M9↓¬##∃βNsOSK.≠S'?r↓β'9εc?∂π&K?9↓# βO#␈+3⊃↓ε∪∃β?v)βS#∂!↓βO∂3↔Mβ&C∀4+π∪?∨K∞iβ∂?.sS↔Iε3?Iβ⊗+SWKvK;≥9αα≠?Iαβ';O& ;∂∃εKQβ∂␈+3⊃β⊗)β¬↓¬αVN"Rβ'_4WK?UβF [∃β
βOSπ≡Y84(hR;?S+Q↓α .≠πWO address calculation has alreadp∩↓EKK\4∃G←[AYKiK⊂AErAQQJAi%[JAB↓++≡OLAMk]
iS←\↓SfAKaKGki∃HXAo!Ch@AQQJA[=]Si←H~∀Q←HABAkMKdOfA++≡↓G←IJ$AgKKL@AS\↓iQJA¬IIeKMfAMS∃YH@A=LABAU+≡@A%fAiQ%d∧4+.3≠↔∂&K[∃↓ε ∪∪K/≠M9↓∧K9↓β&C∃↓α-*=β←⊗KS↔Wπ→↓β'rβS#'~↓β7πw+π11αβS#∃π#←<4V+cCK/≠O'?w→αR"*α⊗~~,~R&Z*αε∩∩∀*NMα|1αR"*αVV=ε ;⊃α$B∃αε$"J⊗N~α~&⊗d!α>_hRR"∃ααVV=αβ7↔πr↓βS#*↓βOπn)βS#Ns≥1↓εsπ7↔gI1↓β&C'M↓ε3';πb↓β[πg+∃↓β}1βPε QPP 9YY,>~=Y$ 9→≤L↑|h_l≥_⎇; ≡~;{Ea"C"E ;H≥
(∀⎇ ≥Y[|LD≤}<nL;+λ∧
53|d∞≤X<∞
;Yh
≥]≠h∞M→(≠-⎇Z=≠n$λ_8nN8;≠∂∀→{c!.≠h_,.{{≥.L( -ε∧_;Y∧ε- (∞,=~→.$λ≥~ ≥H
∧ ;YλεF(_;∞M≠⎇9m∧≥<y.$λ∃5)}h→≠aQ]≤X.∧≥≠h∞↑y<HεFλ_;LD
+E⊃"@↓Dλλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧ +M$∧⊃⊃0d∞\kH
>_;YM}Yλ∃*Y|c"AQC"U*Y|h≥m≡~λ≠n {y→.4
∧∞~≤[n\zλλεεmh_-lλ⊂p)I∩<↓P≥tz4⊂≠:vq2\9P⊂_λ:497]stεE
~⊂0y→P2yyYw:4p[6<P⊂≤z0w2_y2⊂"⊃aP*jSyP⊂6[r4s4Yr⊂37\⊂:yrH⊂0z⊂∀z0w3≠y2↔εB∀)wvYP⊂40]2P⊂1→rw⊂⊂λ6wr4Y4rr⊂λ1wvx≠2z2v≡P⊂7z]⊂⊂7sλ⊂⊂2|~yz2w_rW∀Pλ⊂*42CE2|1Yx:4w[9P0y→P:42H**,jUgyP∀≠x1wr→P_~XJP;tz~⊂ aP→4rv2≤P_Z⊂λ:497]st⊂_MFE0w→⊂:42H⊂)h!U`i⊂*UgP⊂∀≠x1wr→P_~→JV⊂;t~qt⊂⊂_y2P9\2qtp[⊂⊂)z_w37y→⊂*jg\WεE [6⊂7sλ:42Pλ$gj⊂∃jgyP
7x1wY2yP7]2y⊂⊂
X_∀P_w2⊂0[6⊂!`S&$xβ wip A]k[ Kef~)Me←Zh```@`Ak`↓CeJA¬Yg↑AMaKGS¬XA'i¬]M←e⊂A++∨L\~∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@b\l@↓+]IKIgiC]⊃S]NAQQSfA5C]kC0~∀~∀4∃∪\A∃CGPA=LAiQ∀AgKGQS←]f↓iQCh↓M←YY=nXAB↓G←YY∃GiS←8A←LAIKYC`&+⊃↓α-*?MβO_4+↔Gβ3π'v+⊃↓β∞c?;≥π;'S!αβS#∃π≠gOS.i↓β∂}s∂↔C'→β';6{3[↔"q↓↓απ∪↔∂↔&K;≥β&C∀4+}&O&↑↑αε6}$ε.∞=∧¬-,t ↔⊗*ε∃∩ε
M⊗v* =vw&≥≥fNvt∞FF*
ZTz?4
Vv.]⎇fN∨4 ⊗v Q-g.n↑-⊗≡∞D 6}&↑4αε∞lDβ∩J ∀π≡∞↑
F*α∞↑6∞>T¬ε≡∞MM⊗v:∞∞&}≡\NW⊗*∀∧π&z∞⎇εN≡↓Q'&FT∞w⊗OL↑Wαπ⎇≥Fbε|nF.r∞,V6/%dα∧6}$εw.\↑&N≡≥Dε≡}L↑2bα∞Mε*ε≤,'⊗/m≤↔&N⎇aPT⎇∧∞7&∞lN2ε6}$π&FT
wε/,≡FN}d 6}&T fN.LEB∧ 4 f␈∩∞Mε*α ≤6∨.↑]F∂&}$ε6N]L@hV≥lB∧ J$ε6␈$∞FF* \f6.>M↔6*∧ ⊗&',↑7~ε|dπ&FT
U,zd∧∧6␈$∧∧≤ IEt≤ II∩¬-Y}2`h.Mε*εn]V/⊗≤>2π>≥MBε⊗T∞FF␈<Tε}2∞Mε*∧8→DdJaQ hUM Rπε∞,↔≡/4λ∀~∧HXe"ε≥lB∧ 4
$L<
Dεn.≥eBπ⊗↑>ε.∨M≡f.g∃D¬$DT D,5D ∧ dd t0h(_2ε∞lD¬$DT
$L<
D∧D Hd∧|2λ_2ph!Q%>F↑,W6/$∞FF/,TεO~ ∀ε&∂L∀ε⊗f|=2ε}d∧εf.l}FB∧d∞W≡.D
w∩π<↑Bπ/∧ 'Jα ∀¬-,uAPW& Tπ>␈,N2ε}d∞FF* -F}≡4∞vNfD &*π,\f/↔,\Bπ&t ↔~¬yz$"β∧∞FG⊗}\vB¬yz$"∧eV⊂hV}$π≡}\↑FNn↑4αG/>\⊗fg∀∧π>OM∧π≡F}.Bε⊗M|6←~∀∧ε∂~
I∧*∧i~%≥"∧
t⎇∀D∞FG⊗}\v@h*I∧*α jDBα
yu∀"d∧α¬εL\↔≡*∧
f␈&T∧π&FT∧ε&NllW⊗.l<Rαε,↑G>.]dααπM W≡*∧∞G>xQ.F/⊗]≥f}f|⎇⊗/~aQ hT∀∞&∞v|Tε}2 -↔'~
}"π>},G~π⎇≥Fbε|nF.r ,Rπ⊗\lW⊗.l<V"ε/∀ε∞r ←ππ⊗↑>6N}d
v0h.Mε*α mw⊗j∧+βUJ%Dαπ> ↑&*¬∧∧ε∞vD ∩αε≡,Rεw]\&/↔5dαα¬M
↔~α∞,Wπ⊗↑<Vw'4 ⊗f`Q.f∞g\↑2ε7-⎇Rα¬∧∞FG⊗}\vB¬∃dαα∧m}"ε/ ≥WεfUDα⊗⊗≡N2αβ↔π#∪2$
V.∞n4αε⊗≡N2β ↓Q'&G-}V>Bε&bph!Q$∞fD
g.n,↑'~π⎇≥Fbε,TεNr x5$ D WF≡↑∞Bε6}$π&FT f}fM}vNvuDπ>F≤=ααπ⎇≥Fbε,QPVNdλD,≤→X∀cR -↔"εn]V⊗/.4ααFUlrrb∧,&O"ε6R∩JD 'O&T∞6OV↑4ααFUlrrb∧&∪∩n-≡@hV/≡F/~%∃BαπM≥V/~∧¬ε*vueBα∪6∧απ≡\=vv'4%∩bα ≥f"εn]V⊗/.4αππ,\6.&\Dαε↔∀ ⊗ph,↑↔.∞N4π≡N⎇dαF*lubbα'V∪*∩∃aPPh*,V6/,]f≡/4∞Fzπ ≡'&N>]F∂∩ -↔'~
}"ε?-}Wπ~
|bε⊗≡N2π>≥MBπ/>\⊗fg∀∧ε⊗*
\⊗&(Q,&␈&∧ 'JπM Rε⊗≡Dεw.\,W↔~ ≥f"ε.α(∞M→(≠l>_;λ∞l;≥9$∞Y<⎇-N~;Yd \[{$∧ )|d
;C"NM→(≤n 8z9M≤9λ_M≡λ≤≠n==~;mnkHλλm|H→/ ;<≠ WC"C!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ¬eKZ9D Z=λε∧
εε ¬Fλ_Z.E(~<d
{KKEa"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧ KKL≥Yλ_M≡≤h 'πLMH¬ε
fvl ∧ Z=≤e∃↓↔↔εBεE*4→P7qz_v⊂;0[:rP;Zv6⊂1→P4w⊂~0v3⊗]wy2⊂→7y6p]⊗⊂0yH9t7{[⊂0q7]2WεEβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂)Qaj$gS⊂→⊗VQbg"i⊂f⊂$g∀*j↔gUj(*jβEεEεB*42P≤:y87\rP⊂7Y⊂4w8≥z↔wz]8:z⊂λ∀$WgJP4yP≥7P⊂:≤0w9s→y⊂20]0P⊂1→z;rr[⊂:42CE1wv\:z2y yP6r[wy<P_w2⊂⊂_w⊂2|≥2y70[⊂22{~qrP9]qt⊂⊂_yP0P≥0x2Vλ0P⊂2~yuV⊂_FE89~w:2y ⊂2z1K⊂⊂*4→P*jg\P0y2H9pz⊂≥x⊂:7H0v67]P$WgH;tz4λ0P30Zy⊂0v[zw:⊂≠sεE3≠2|4q~v4z<H0w2⊂→2{4qYP4w2→x2w2→w1rWλ⊂$WgH42y2H4yP2≠w2P7[⊂0P⊂≥2y<P≠7{FE≠2{2vλ0w2⊂~w;7v≥2yP:~92rP_0ytqH840yYy]⊂4[4z4p[4⎇0z~ww⊂7Y⊂⊂:4→P22{~qrVεB:90w≤s2y⊂≠s⊂:4→P⊂20]0V⊂0[2⊂92[2pyt[3P⊂7Y⊂:42H22{4XrW⊂⊂λ w7z~2y⊂8~0yrVβE34v→P⊂9r[2qz4[w⊗⊂⊂~yP⊂7→qryyXy<P⊂→7y⊂⊂≥42P⊂→4yuPλ0w2⊂λ7z42\⊂24y→qz7y≡FE22]4qryKεEεE∃42y2H0y2P≠z42yλ9tvx≠2y⊂⊂→7y6yH7s⊂$KgP37\⊂1ry≥0tw⊂λ22{4XryP∀~w1v:Y4w3FB:2y6Zw0v9J]P$WSP37yλ:47yYP22{~qryP~yP2|≤60tw→r⊂4wλ60z2\⊂9rq]4ww9KεEεE∃42P1_ytqP≤40yr\P7s⊂∩WgP1Xw⊂⊂1→P9rr[⊂4w⊂≥42P1[y92y\7w24[3P*jSyV⊂⊂≤wP$FB;tv6λ3t{2H0w⊂2↑0vx6→P9rx]rw1rH7s⊂:~2P*jSyP:yYr⊂4wλ$WgWλ⊂)tw_rP6zXt⊂7sβE:42H⊂$WgH27w2H⊂1<P≤97sy_vyP⊂≥yryP≥42P⊂→4yuVλ$P⊂;Zv6⊂4[1v:r→P⊂:4→P34v→FE9r[2qz4[w⊂84_yrP4[⊂:42H2|0v\62P1→v7{Wλ⊂'7z→P:40]⊂:44\P2|0[x62Pλ4yP7≠zεE0H1wvx≠2z2P≤97sy_v]P4]⊂1ww≥0tw9H7w6<H9wvrH2|1r\8:9P~w;7v≥4w3Pλ:42P≥yrFE≠s⊂*jSyW⊂⊂∃44yP~yP4w≥2w22Y⊂⊂:7H4w:9≠r:qrH<wzP≥7P;0\4wzyH⊂$WgH1ww1Yx:9FB;t4qZ⊂;tv≠⊂⊂12H2|86_tw2rλ⊂4w⊂→y2pzλ⊂22z_tv⊂4[⊂⊂:4→P92vXtw22\⊂⊂7sλ:44yCE9rq]4ww↔βEεE⊂λ$g$jλ⊂⊂⊂_K_X⊂⊂λ⊂≥j4~yP⊂4[4z4p[4⎇2yH⊂:42H24yuH∀")eJP⊂7wλ1t0w≠2v⊂_H4wεEλ⊂)dl⊂$j⊂⊂ b)eWH⊂⊂≥P≠wr2P X⊂⊂0[2⊂9x→qts4YyP0wλ7zz8≥z⊂1:Y32y⊂~2pr2\⊂0zεB⊂⊂'a∃c⊗⊗_λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂≥H67qp]4ww⊂λ'a*c ⊂⊂⊂*\7w⊂0[⊂2y9≠y⊂⊂4[⊂:42H2|2q]z4wwβE⊂⊂$⊂f*⊂⊂λ⊂↔⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∞P7s⊂≥44yP∃jgV⊂≥42P8≤7sy0[P;tv≠⊂$ f∃↔εE⊂λεE⊂⊂⊃g*"iλ⊂⊂_V⊃$f"Pλ≥j44\P7x2[9P:4→P34v→P9x2Xts4rY⊂0z⊂≠7qpz~ww⊂#∩f"P3≠yεE⊂λ$ f*λ⊂⊂⊂↔λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂≥P7]z8:zλ7w⊂1Z0w72[⊂_]P≥44yP≥tv6⊂∩ f*⊂≠w⊂0w≡P2y9≠y↔εEλ⊂εE⊂λ'jj(∃j⊂⊂_K⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂≥j4~yP4yH:yrrλ:7P;\4z2P≠zz⊂2_z0P7[⊂1t0[72v⊂ WεE⊂λεE⊂⊂⊂f'ibH⊂⊂_Vλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ≥j44\P1v7\ryP:~2P34[2P7x→w⊂7wλ1t0w≠2v⊂_KεE⊂⊂βE⊂⊂)⊃f"`iH⊂_V⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∞j44yH92v2XyryP≥42P2→{4qrH7w⊂1Z0w72[⊂_WεBεE$wλ3rw2\0v⊂⊂∩WgV⊂≥42P⊂≠rz47Y9P37\⊂⊂27Zw3P7]z8:zλ⊂0y2H;2y<H⊂9tvZv0y⊂≥7FE:~7yrP→7y⊂2≠tw3Pλ4w8:]↔⊂⊂![w9rx]rw:6≡V⊂:4→P37v≠7{tw→P⊂24\qzyyZww⊂;Zv6εE→2yqy~q2P:~2P10\tqyP≠s⊂4w≤:z≥P≠tw7yλ24s3→y2w1YyP37\⊂27t[3P7z]8:z⊂≥tv6εB:yzp[6<P⊂_2P⊂6Yw:4w[2r⊂⊂~w⊂⊂8_y2w:~2z4qXv⊂⊂9→vpy5\W⊂⊂⊂⊂w<P9Zsw4s~qpw:βE24s→2y2w_ryP;Zv6⊂1→P1pv≠2r⊂:≠P<wz\⊂0z:→w:4w[↔εE 2.1 User I/O Channels
A program is allowed to use up to 20 I/O devices at the same time.
In order to keep straight which device an I/O UUO is meant for, each
device in use is assigned a CHANNEL NUMBER. The channel number,
which can be any number between 0 and 17 inclusive, is specified by
the user when he initializes the device. Subsequent operations
involving that device refer only to the channel number and not to the
name of the device. The channel number is chosen by the user and has
significance only to the program in which it is assigned.
Furthermore, when a device is released, the channel number is
disassociated from it; so if the device is to be used again, it must
be initialized again with a new (possibly the same) channel number.
To overcome the limitations imposed by the fact that the number of
I/O channels is fixed at 20, some UUOs have been provided to allow
you to save and later restore the state of one or more channels in
order to be able to use those channels for other I/O. For a
description of this feature, see Section 2.13. A RESET (see page
250) releases (without closing) any channels which are currently
saved as well as any normal channels open.
2.2 Data Modes
When you are doing I/O, you must select the dap ∧A[←I∀Ai↑@↓EJAkMKH\~))QJ@↓[←IJ↓S]IS
CiKfAQ←n↓iQJ@↓ICiB↓Sf@AQ↑AEJAieC9gMKeIKH↓iπβK'7∂∪'3e`h+←#/##↔Iπ##∃β& S¬β'∪π;O6+KMβ∂∪∃βSzβ ∃β↔+≠≠↔⊗+⊃βπv!1β'2βH∞zD∞vF/M W∩πM PhVL≡F
ε≡4εn∞LTπ/α
|bε≡ ≡&∞∨L↑'~ε}$ε}2 nVfb∞⎇w⊂ ≤kC!!"R;D ]9YL↑Y9λ
]y→+∧∧≥~→$∞}<⎇ ](≥≤L≥\yY..hλ→ ≡_(_L↑≥y9-d≥~→$∧→→=M≤y(_-lβ"\m⎇9(_N\YY<N4~;H∂≥⎇<H =|Y( ≡Y8+D∧⊂]9Ll<\h ≡Y(≥.<9λ≤mt≥~_.Dλ≥~ T≤}<nL;#"L<;H_LTλ≥≤L≥\yY..Z;Yd _<α0H4w:7H⊂7y⊂≠zz⊂7Y⊂⊂7w→P0y2XP∀1:Y32y∀H⊂7s⊂≡wzyεB1wy2H4vpsYP⊂;t~v2P<[zP0y→P⊂:9_w9s2\94w3H20z0H7zz⊂λ7s⊂7\⊂⊂4w≥7P0w≠z42yβE0y2XP∀1:Y32y∀K⊂⊂*9_w9s2\9P39≠vP7yλ:7P0H22{4XrP0y→P4w4]4pz2Y⊂37yλ4w8:]εE1<H:42P∩g(*jλ*jgP_w2⊂3≠y⊂7z]8:z⊂_<P:4→P$πUTPUT UUO. To get data from
a buffer on input or to put data into a buffer for output, you simply
do ILDBs (input) or IDPBs (output) with a byte pointer that is set up
by the system. The data is thus handled a byte at a time, with the
bytes being either characters (7 bits each) or full words (36 bits
each); the mode determines the byte size. When a buffer is used up,
you give an INPUT UUO to get another buffer of data (or an OUTPUT UUO
to write out a buffer of data). The buffers you use are set up by
the system in the form of buffer rings. Buffer rings will be
described in detail in Section 2.4, but now back to data modes.
The alternative to buffered mode is dump mode. To read (write) in
dump mode, you tell the system where in your core image you want t↓QJ4∀β∪π& βS=αβ∨=↓F≠?7∃αβ≠K?jIβπ;"β#?]αβ7π;Jβ←?K'→↓βπ,Rπ&t∧ε⊗*∞N&∞w<lW↔⊗\E`hUM
↔~ε≡4ε&}lTπ>OM∧ε'.↑∧εn}LTε≡}]\⊗v"
M↔∨'5Dπ>F≤=απ>≥MBε⊗T WGεL≥⊗v.D
⊗ph*<V∨&≥⎇bαβ%f2rα ≥bαεN]Wαα
]v&*D∞FF*∧ ⊗∨'\≥Bπ',≥g≡6↑$αε}d∧ε&∂L∀ε⊗/N|V.pQ/⊗␈/$ 6␈⊗T
⊗n∞|Tε∞vD∞FF*∧ F/6≤<RεF≡∞ε.w4∞vF.d∞FF* →e¬-D
w∩α zU%¬ZD¬-,qQ&O~ ⎇↔6.eDε∞vD∞FF*
ZTzεM|W~εm}Bπ⊗↑NW⊗r∞]g&ND∞FF*∞N&∞w<lW∩α
≡2ε≡⎇↑εf/LQPRG]mF/∨4∂⊗␈*∞,W∂.↑>Bbα∞↑7.∞MO∩ε↔∀∞6/'M≥f:α∞=vn*∞>ε.≡≤≥Bε⊗≡EBαπM ↔"πM PhUZYrπ⊗↑NW⊗r
≥Vn.M≤↔&.O∃Ro&
≡2εO4∞ε␈∨=≤&f*
⎇fgJ mw∩ε<↑'&∞≥dε&/m≤6/~∃aPPh*Mε*ε,≡6N~ L↔&
]v&/4 ↔⊗*
M↔∨&\DεNr∞Mε*εm⎇Ff␈⎇≥f:πL≤&f*∧ ⊗v" LW≡∨-≤&. Q,&.f}ubαα
Mε/⊗T∧ε∂⊗T
V∞w∀∧π∨ε\=⊗∞b
]v&/4∧ε6␈$∞7ε.=≤fN~∧ F/6≤<W≠Z∞Mε/≡QQ&n}L↑2ε∂,Tε&/<>&N⊗\DεNr
<V∨&≥⎇bβ 5Dπ>F≤=αε&\≥G~α∞⎇↔&B LW6N<UV&/ ]f&.nAPV6\≡G/⊗↑5bHh!Q"αα∧ Tp_⊃(λ∧ P31$∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧∃⊗4λT∪qH
JP3Thh4Tc!!"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧ελλ⊂*8r2(∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλλ.9YY.,9λ_m <X8nL<\h¬εk8Z.D_↑= T≤≠z-n→<J!QHλλ∧∧λλλε∀λ⊂4h92(∪ →Q(λ∧∧λλ⊂N\YY<L\λ_z ≡X8⎇ ↑\h
εu8Z=∧ ↑=→$∞≠z;NL<J#!$λλλ∧∧λ ,∧∧∩30(x(λλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ⊂],lY<Y,D≥{|LNh
fe8Z=∧ ↑=→$∞≠z;NL<J#!$λλλ∧∧λ ,d∧∩30(x(⊂R)h4V(∧∧λ⊂],lY<Y,D≥{|LNh
f`⊗q4zλ1<z2H87tw≥2y∀FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂_Zλ⊂!$g⊂i,P⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂!:Y32y2Y⊂;wy→9P∀→M⊗q4zλ1<z2H87tw≥2y∀FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂_[λ⊂"*fT⊂)"aSi"⊂⊂λ⊂⊂*w_:s32\2rεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂_[Pλ"*fhλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂*w1≥s32y→rεEεB iadRP6wr→P∀6wY2P_) is used for inputting (outputting) text. You get
(put) one ascii character at a time from (into) your buffer by using
the byte pointer. (Note: For TTY input in ASCII mode, an INPUT UUO
will not return until your TTY buffer is full (holding =95
characters) or ↑Z (CONTROL-META-linefeed on the displays) is typed.
However, TTY I/O is usually done with the special UUOs described in
Section 3.)
ASCII LINE mode (1) is the same as ASCII mode except for TTY input.
There it means that an INPUT UUO will return when an activation
character is typed or when the buffer is full, whichever comes first.
(Nop¬5CYY`JβS#∃αβπ∂SO3πS'}qβ∂#∂∪π∂S/∪M↓β∂∪∃β∂∂∪K'π>)↓βK/#WK9bβ3';.3↔↔⊃`h+π3&k?∪∃ε ;⊃1αβ?9αLJ%↓β∞s⊃α∪∂#¬α∪O≠
↓β&KOC3∂KM1β≡CπKπ∨#↔KMαβSgC.!β←'&@4*∞|rRJ>bβ?Iαl*R¬9Hh(4*Ljε≡∃εk?∪∃αAEA%εKMβONk'3π∩βS=α
~∞&%εk?∪∃ε+c∂↔π!βS#∂!βS#*β gS/→βπK*↓MX4V∪'SMεK;OS. ⊃β?2↓]9↓¬;#↔9πK?Uβ&yβπ9∧J2∩ αB&∩B∩Iβg?*β∨↔QαCCWQJ↓β¬β>C?3∀hS←?K"β≠K?j↓#';&y%βSF)β W63↔I9α↓αg?*β∂π9π∪↔π⊃π#↔cQε3'3↔~β'9↓π##'Mεk?∪∃`h+'9π;#'∂Bβ∂πO*βg?Uπ;'31ε;↔Q↓*β∂#π⊗ ∂S↔↔→βπQε βS'n)84(hR&6ε<)α
&t
Je↓C M%↓ε ;⊃α∀J:εJJ↓!EQJβ7?∪/→↓βπ⊗)βS#*βOπ7*βπM↓∧J6ε≡*β7?∪(h+↔c≡+CQβ6{IβSF)βCπε+IβS∂β∃βK. ∪↔Iε ;⊃βπ+;∂!ε ;⊃β&C∃αb=↓9↓↓¬≠↔∃α≡+∂S'}p4)E~qQβ≠␈⊃βS#*βWO∃αβ?→βn{∪∃↓ →β←'&AβS#*↓αb≡αaβπ;"βO↔∃¬≠↔∂SN{9↓↓ →9]β∞s⊂4*≡+∂S'}q↓EMsAβ≠?∩βS#∃εk↔π;Ns∨Mβ}1βS#/≠∃β7}#↔Mβ>KS!βε C↔Iπ#πC∃∧I>=8hP4*∩,jAβ7}#∃↓! 9%β'~βWO↔"βS=β&yα%>zβ←'SF{WQβ↔+≠≠↔⊗K;≥9αα←'SB↓β↔π≡Aα&:¬*P4+␈⊃α>V%αVQα-*=1βN{Uβ7/≠Qβ∨O3∃βSF)βπ∪'∪↔OMε{→β¬ε#W7Aεk?∪∃ε≠?77∞s⊃β3O≠Q04W;#'∂BβOC↔≡K≠'↔~↓β#?:β7π;Jβ←?K'→↓βπ,Rπ&t &*α∞N&∞w<lW↔⊗\Dε∞vD∧π>F↑,RεNaQ'N␈ they are to come from or go. The INPUT or OUTPUT UUO
does not return until the transfer is complete. Dump mode command
lists are explained below.
DUMP RECORD mode (14∧RA%fAiQ∀AgC[∀ACfA⊃+≠ A5←IJ@ bnR\4∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@d\fA k[@A≠←I∀Aπ←[5C]HA1Sgif4∀~∀~))QJA∃MMKGQSmJA¬IIeKMfA←L↓C\A∪9!+(@↓←dA∨U)!+(↓++≡A%\AIk5`A[←⊃J@@PDlA←d4∀bnRA[kgPAEJ@↓iQJA¬IIeKMf@A←_AB@A⊃k[`A5←IJ@↓G←[[¬]HAY%gh\@A)QSLAYSgP~∃G←9gSgiLA←L@↓k`Ai<@b``AIk[@A[←I∀AG←[5C]If0@AKC
PA←L↓oQSG @AiC-KfA←9J~∃o=eH\@↓)QJA∃]HA←_AiQJ↓YSgh↓SfAS9ISGCQKHAEdABAu∃e↑Ao=eHAC→iKdAQQJAY¬gh~∃
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2.4 Buffer Rings
When you are doing input (output) in one of the buffered modes, a
ring of buffers is set up by the system for storage of data in your
core image. This allows you to empty (fill) one buffer while the
device is filling (emptying) another buffer independently.
A buffer ring consists of some number of buffers with each one
containing a pointer to the next. The last buffer contains a pointer
to the first; hence it is a ring. The user can specify the number of
buffers in a ring with the INBUF and OUTBUF UUOs (see Section 2.9),
or he can accept the system default number of buffers, which is two.
The current buffer in a ring is referenced through a three word block
called the BUFFER HEADER. When you initialize a device in buffered
mode, you give the address of a three word block where the buffer
header is. The system will initialize the header when it sets up the
buffer ring.
The buffer header contains 1) a bit indicating whether the buffer
ring has ever been used, 2) a pointer to the buffer the user is
currently emptying (filling), 3) the byte pointer that is used for
loading (storing) data from (into) the current buffer, and 4) a count
of the number of bytes left in the current buffer. Normally only the
byte pointer and the byte count are needed by the user. The byte
pointer is in the second word of the header and the byte count in the
third. The first word contains the use indicator in the sign bit
(400000,,0 bit) (which is set to 1 when the buffers are created and
cleared to zero when the first INPUT or OUTPUT UUO is given) and the
buffer pointer in the right half. For input, the byte count is the
number of bytes of data left in the buffer; for output it is the
number of bytes not yet filled with data by the user. The byte
pointer is set up so that you can get (put) the next byte by doing an
ILDB (IDPB). When you initialize a device in buffered mode, the
system clears the buffer header and then sets up the size field of
the byte pointer. If you so desire, you may then change the byte
size to any size you want, and the system will do the right things.
(The system actually uses the byte size in the byte pointer to
calculate the byte count.) Fy, whenever you do an INPUT or
OUTPUT UUO, the system updates the entire buffer header before
returning control to you.
2.5 Buffers
The first three words of each buffer are used by the system and
contain no data. The first word contains the device I/O status word
(explained in Section 2.6) for the device at the time the buffer
was transferred. The left half of the second wor↓HAQ¬fAiQ∀@AgSiJA←L4∃iQJ↓EkMM∃dA]←PAG←k9iS]N↓iQJ@↓MSegPAio↑↓o←eILXAiQ¬hASf0AiQJA]k[ KdA←_~∃ICQBAo←IIfAS8AiQJ↓EkMM∃dAaYUfA←]∀\@A)!JAeS≥QhAQ¬YLA←_AiQJ↓gKG←9HAo←IH~∃Q=YIfAQQJAC⊃IeKgLA←L@↓iQJA9KqhA kMMKHAS\@↓iQJAIS]N@!oQSG A[CrAEJAQQJ~∃MC[JA kMMKHR\@A¬YXAa=S]iKIfAi↑↓EkMM∃efXA ←iPA%\AiQ∀AEkM→KdAQ∃CIKd↓C]H~)Me←Z↓←]J@↓EkMM∃dAi↑AiQJ↓]Kqh0@Aa←%]hA]=h@Ai<AiQJAMSeMhAo←IH@A←_AiQJ4∃EkM→KdAEUhAi↑↓iQJAMKG←]⊂@Ao←IHXAo!KeJAQQJAa=S]iKHAi↑AQQJ@A9KqhA kMMKH~∃Sf8@A)Q∀AgSO8AEShPh``@``XX@AESh$@A←L↓iQJAMKG←]⊂Ao←e⊂AS\A∧@AEk→MKdA%f~∃g∃hAi↑bAEr↓iQJAMsgiK4AoQK8AiQJ↓EkMM∃dASf↓MkYX↓←LAI¬iBAC9HAGY∃CeKH↓i↑~∀@AoQK8AShA%fAK[Air\~(~∃)Q∀AeSO!hAQC1LA←L↓iQJAQQSeH↓o←eH↓Q←YILABAG=k]hA=LAiQ∀A]k[ KdA←_Ao←e⊃f~∃←_AICi∧ACGiUCYYr↓G←]i¬S]KH↓S\Ai!JAEk→MKd\A)QJ↓YKMh↓QCYL↓←LAi!SfAo=eH~∃%fAeKMKemK⊂AM←dAE←←-WKKa%]NAkMJAEr↓iQJ@↓gsgi∃Z\@A=\A←kQakh@↓iQJA]←eH~)G←k]PASfA
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V42⊗I↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓αx4R↓¬↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ααx4)α¬↓↓α↓↓↓↓ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji5↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬p4)↓ ↓↓↓α↓↓βqα↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓αJz=βO& SWMε∪'SMα↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓πa↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓αph)↓
↓↓↓↓¬a↓55ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555j↓↓↓↓¬a↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αxhQ↓dIHdddIKsOqε#πS¬π≠'k∃αY↓Eβb↓β W63↔Iβε{';S/⊃↓βpIHdddIHdddIHdddIHfx4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓=αi555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji55↓α↓↓↓<hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβq↓↓ε∪??/↑+↔C'v9↓↓βbβ∪πS
β←?K"β∂?Ww!↓βphQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβq↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βphQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβq↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βphQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβq↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓β∪π& ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βphQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβq↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βphQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβq↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βphQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hP1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓Is1↓α∪/3'∂∃∧I>=α∨#πSW~αX∞␈,APPh!Q$6␈$ V∞≡∧ F/6≤<Rε}d∞FF*∞?↔∨&]Tαπ& ↑&*ε≡4ε
π⎇}&"ε<≥Ff.D∞FF*∧ F/6≤<R∧JyqPW∨L≡G/~∞⎇w⊗"d∧¬&FT∧εf.nDεF∞Ldε}2∞MεO~∧∞v␈⊗D
↔~π↑<V"ε≥nF/⊗l≥FgJ∧ 'JπM PhW?≡7&.T ⊗v"∞Mε*π-≤vG"
⊗f2
≡2π/<\Bπ&t 6}n↑]fN≡≡LRπ>≡Mαπ& Tαπ/<↑"rα
Mε(h.-⊗>GD∧εF∞Ldπ>␈,DαεO4∞6/"∧∞Wαπ⎇ Vrα∞Mε*π↑<W∩α
≥fO&≤≥FOV↑4απ& Tε&/m≤6*pQ*FF/,\⊗7&↑%Bε≡↑.F∞Nd &O'4
V∂J ,Rπ≡↑Dε↔J∞Mε*π?≡7&.T∞FzπL]FbπM Rπ/<↑"ε}aQ&≡}lM↔&N⎇n2π& ≡BεF≡lRε∂en (such as end of file). These bits can be
tested or changed by the user with the STATZ, STATO, GETSTS and
SETSTS UUOs (see Section 2.15). The following table gives the
meanings of the bits in the right half of the I/O status word and the
meanings of some bits in the left half (used by the system) that are
common to all devices.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF 1'S IN DEVIBβ
A∩=≡~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A'Qβ)+&↓/∨%λ4∀~∀@@@p@@@@@D```X0`@@@@@A ∃-'¬∧@@A &C∃↓β&+['∂*;M↓βNsS↔Kv 1βOO≠S↔4hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ W≠6+Iβ'~β WOJp4)↓α↓↓EIα↓↓↓↓#↓11Aα↓↓↓↓α↓↓α&|*:⊃↓α↓↓αSF)↓↓βf OQ↓αβ∪πS
↓↓β#∂→↓↓β⊗+↔84R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓π#Kπ;≡k'SS.!β eπ##∃β&+['∂*p4)↓α↓↓EMα↓↓↓↓∪↓11Aα↓↓↓↓α↓↓α&z↓↓↓↓α↓↓α¬β β7↔∞sMβ?/#CWQεKMβ∨}K;≥β}q84)α↓↓↓E*↓↓↓↓β!11Aα↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓αLz~NQα↓↓↓α&C∃β;/CQβ∪∂#¬βS⊗ ;O7O#S↔⊃π;'30hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ ∃β&C∃β≠O∪OQβ& S¬βNqβ¬β↔+≠≠↔∩p4)↓α↓↓EYα↓↓↓↓∩a1A↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓α&|∩⊗≥↓α↓↓αSF)↓β∪/3'∂∃εCπM↓εs?Q↓πK↔Qβ⊗+↔84R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓π+O↔⊃ph)↓↓α↓E]↓α↓↓↓EbaA↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓α&>:↓↓↓↓α↓αO?n)β+?∩↓β'Mπ;π'SNs≥↓β6{Iβ∪∂#∧4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓β7∪?5β&C∃β∪/3'∂∃ph)↓↓α↓Ea↓α↓↓↓AbaQAAβ↓A↓↓α↓α&>LjB5↓α↓α'7π∪?C↔∩β7?∪*q↓αSFKM↓β≡ 9β7. 84)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓βn ;e↓π##';?→9↓αN1↓βg␈)βπS&+7CPhQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβS=↓π;K'S*↓β?9αβ¬↓β?∪'S∃nc?∂/. 4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓β∪.≠SπC*β?I↓¬*∩A1πK?U↓ε;↔Qβ&C'L4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ε+KK?∩β 'Qr↓α'→αβg?UεK;'SN 3'k(h)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓β¬β&+['∂*β'9β
β7?∪*βS#π"β'Mβv{P4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓βf+∨π1αβ≠?IαβS#π"↓β∪↔6K∂∃1αβg?ThQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ←'3bβ∨↔Qε+'S#/⊃βS#O→β↔K⊗{Iβ O 4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓β?∩β¬βOO≠S↔5ε+KK?∩β7↔O≡ ∨∃8hQ↓↓↓β e↓↓α↓↓A1c⊃AAAβ↓↓↓↓αα&>∩-∩I↓↓αα∪↔[N≠∃β∪/#↔∂S.!β↔K⊗{I84R↓↓↓↓∪↓↓↓↓α↓A11 ↓AAA∧ααα∧ ∀p_∃⊃4D∧λλ⊃ ↑Z8y$∧→→= \⎇→9∧∧→<\M}KHλ
M~<c!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧ Z=λ∧∧_;Y∧∧λ≥~ Tλλ∩)x⊃4TD∧λ_Z.A"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ→y-l<X;
O(≠9,≥H≥~ ≡λ≥~ T→→=M≤y#"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ
<hλ L=→8nL9λλ ≥H≥;LL<z<L≤[→+↓QHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧~9H∧∧λλλ
m⎇λλ∧∧λλ_l≡_<⎇∞-|~~,5β"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ_m⎇Y~=
≥{KC!$λλλε&(λλ∧∧ εF ∧∧λλλ∧ 3pRjIλλλ∧λ→8⎇ ≡→(λ -≠xzd∧≠];,,<Hλ
}=λ≠la"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ_[n]Y≤kD∧∃~~.4_Z=∧ {{9.4λ≠{D
9C"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∂≥⎇(λ∞,9Y<L]Xy(∧ (≠[me9>~.>→;]↓QHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧_[≠l=h≠{D (→→,>_<→%a"Hλ∧∧ LH∧∧λλ ¬E L εελλλ∧∧λ∩3hH3Qλ∧∧λ⊃;LD≠yH∧ Z;→%dλ∃~
≡hλ_M≡λ_{m\<c"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ
⎇H≠{MO(λ≥m≡~λ~-n≥=∞d∧~=λ
\8;\aQHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧≥~→. 2P⊂4\P77Pλ6wy2H20z0H⊂:7P_2FE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂9→pr⊂⊂λ4w⊂⊂_2qpz\rP⊂⊂≡wzP⊂~0{2FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ92pqZ2r⊂:~2P⊂2[2⊂7sλ⊂:42H34v2KεE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂'wλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂:2[2z<x→yP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂_w2εEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂≤9rzr≠Vz2v→z<x2\V⊂2w→⊂⊂7sλ34v2CE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂4yPλ⊂⊂4w→4qpz→r⊂⊂⊂λ1<P⊂λ:<x4[3FE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂1[w:97[⊗m⊂⊂
/-∀]H7w⊂⊂⊃0z0P⊃4yqFB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ0w2⊂∩ddP2~yx60↑yV⊂2[2⊂⊂7Y⊂34v→FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂4yH⊂⊂⊂4[24qp]2r⊂⊂λ⊂1<Pλ⊂:<x~w3FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊂gg*)∪f⊗fbU Vv4[2s2rY↔εE⊂λ⊂⊂→→H⊂⊂⊂⊂ ⊗⊗_X __⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂$S`aj⊂λ⊂⊂⊂"→{4qrH4yP0Xz4{2KεE⊂⊂λ⊂→~≥ ≤P⊂_ ⊗≠[X ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂)2\ry;2Y⊂⊂37\⊂22{~qrVr→x2w2→w:εEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂→2pz:\2yWεB⊂⊂⊂⊂ X⊂⊂⊂λ⊂_⊗⊗
_⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ$gagS⊂⊂⊂⊂λ)|w1Z97w4↑2P1:Y32y2Y⊂⊂$WSW⊂⊂ [εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂0z≥2vx:λ⊂⊂4yH⊂⊂6pY2P⊂⊂≥7P⊂6XurFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂_:s32\2r⊂$KgP⊂9↑w1t9≠w7zyH;t2wβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂:44\P⊂14]⊂⊂4yH⊂7w↔λ⊂⊂*4_z⊂⊂4\VεE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂2↑0qz6≡P⊂⊂⊂≠w2P⊂λ⊂1:s→2y⊂⊂λ⊂4yFB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ:90w≤vtz:→r⊂⊂3≠y⊂⊂2]2y<Pλ$g(*UεE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂*jSP0w2λ0z⊂6[yz⊂7[2P1:Y32y⊂→7yεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂→pqt⊂∪jj(*U⊂*jgK⊂⊂*4→P12y]⊂;p|CE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂:7Pλ4w9z\2P⊂⊂≤|w1t≤7w7z\P⊂$WSVεE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂4≠{r{2\⊗⊂⊂4\P⊂:7H⊂40{→P2|0Xz6<FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ7w2Pλ1:s3→y⊂4wλ⊂<wz\⊂⊂94[3V⊂7\εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂12]:2y⊂≡rz⊗⊂≥7P:yYP2:v\⊂6wr→WεE⊂λ⊂⊂→XH⊂⊂⊂⊂ ⊗⊗→_λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂$SkaP⊂λ⊂⊂⊂$[44q4]⊂9|y]2vP⊂_wvx:]0z4w[⊂7sεB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ7zz8≥z⊂;w\2⊂1w]w:↔⊂λ*42P≤|yz2[FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂4yH⊂4w4~q4z2Y⊂⊂39≠vP⊂1[vx:z~w3FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂≥42P⊂≥wy2⊂_wzw:λ⊂:40]⊂⊂3wYyP4wβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂:42H:44y→⊂;wy→⊂7s⊂→pqt⊂_:s32\↔εE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂'≠y6pv≠<V⊂⊂λ;t2wλ⊂<wzH⊂⊂27H⊂0wεB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ'jj(∃j⊂⊂*UgP4wλ⊂1:s→2y2rλ6wr2KεE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂:4→P⊂⊂9↑yz2vH⊂:yr\P⊂⊂:~2P⊂1≡z2FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂≤7tw:→y⊂⊂4[⊂:42H⊂1:s→2y⊂4→pr2yβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂:7P_wvx:]2P:4→P7:vX2y⊂7Y⊂;wy→9FE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂7Y⊂20z_P⊂4wλ:42Pλ1:s3→y↔⊂⊂∃44yFB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ1wvx≥z2r⊂λ;wy2λ⊂1wz[:⊂⊂4\P:42[εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂22\7ytz→r⊂4wλ:42P≥44y2λ;wy2λ7sεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂≥42P1≥s32y ⊂⊂⊂$Y⊂:42H⊂$gkPP14zβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂4yPλ⊂7w⊗λ⊂⊂:4→P⊂⊂⊂≥wy2⊂λ⊂1wz[:εE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂1[vx:z_z4wwλ⊂4yPλ4w44X4z2rλ0w2εB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ;t0z→{2y⊂~yP4wλ:42Pλ:44y→⊂;wy→εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂7sλ⊂:42H⊂1:s→2y⊂⊂~yP⊂:_urw⊂λ0yFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂→wyx2[⊂37yλ:42P≥wy2⊂_wzw: εE⊂⊂λ⊂→Y≥ ZP⊂_ ⊗_[Pλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂"0]0P6wY2WεEβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ ↔≠P⊂⊃4v2yCEεEεB"0z0H7w⊂1Yy:0t[⊂⊂22]4qryH4yP9]7y2rλ4w⊂⊂≥42P3≠y6P7Y⊂34v→yW⊂⊂λ*7P0XqryyCE20z_P⊂7wλ7w2Pλ7s⊂⊂≥42yrH22{4XryV⊂λ<wzPλ6zyzλ9x2qZs<P⊂≥42P⊂→4v2w_vrP4[εE0r→4z4w[⊂:7P≥42P⊂→2{4qYP70vYW⊂⊂"→{4qr\P⊂:4_z⊂0y→P34v→P⊂9z≤:qz:\2r⊂0\2FE1Xv62rλ24y2Xz7y<H22{4Xry]P≥42P2~yuP0[2⊂22Xz0x2\P0y2H9zqtλ22{4XryWεBεE"{→y<P⊂→4v2P~0yP⊂_P70vYP⊂7sλ⊂7w2H:7P⊂≤t|⊂1Z0y0q]2y9Pλ0w2⊂λ0w⊂7\:4ww_vεE2↑:2w9Zww⊂⊂≠s⊂7w→P⊂:7He characters. On the disk each file is
associated with some project-programmer name (PPN). A
project-programmer name consists of a project code and a programmer
code, each of which is one to three characters. All of the files for
a particular project-programmer name are referred to collectively as
that PPN's disk area.
File names, file name extensions and project-programmer names are
stored in SIXBIT representation. File names are left-justified in
one whole word; file name extensions are left-justified in the left
half of a word. If a filename has no extension, the extension half
word is zero. A zero file name is not permitted. Project-programmer
names are stored in one word with the project code in the left half
and the programmer code in the right half, each half being
right-justified. For an example of all this, the file RAD.Y[A,BC]
would be represented by the following octal values and corresponding
assembly language lines of code (the date word is included to make
this four-word block into a sample block for the LOOKUP UUO):
OCTAL ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
file name: 624144000000 SIXBIT /RAD/
extension: 710000000000 SIXBIT /Y/
date word: 000000000000 0
PPN: 000041004243 SIXBIT / A BC/
where 62 is the octal value for "R" in sixbit, 41 is the octal value
for "A" in sixbit, etc.
UFDs--User File Directories
For each project-programmer name (PPN), there is a special file
called the UFD (User File Directory) which contains the names of all
the files on that disk area (i.e., all the files with that PPN).
Every UFD is a file on the disk area [1,1]. The filename for a given
PPN's UFD consists of the PPN itself as the primary name (project
code in the left half, programmer name in the right half, each half
being right justified), the extension ".UFD" and the PPN [1,1]. For
example, the UFD for the disk area [FOO,BAZ] is the file
FOOBAZ.UFD[1,1]. The UFD for disk area [1,1] is " 1 1.UFD[1,1]"
and is called the MFD (Master File Directory). The MFD does not
contain an entry for itself, even though it is on [1,1]; however it
does contain the names of all the other files on [1,1], which files
are in fact the UFDs for all the other various disk areas.
Any UFD (including the MFD) can be read just like any other file.
Each UFD consists of a number of contiguous 4-word entries, each of
which either points to a file or is unused. The first three words of
a file's entry are exactly the same as the first three words you get
back from a successful LOOKUP (see page 32) of that file. The
fourth word of a file's entry contains a disk pointer to the file.
The first word of an entry not in use is zero.
Disk File Protection System
Each file on the disk has a nine-bit protection key that indicates
who may do what to that file. To access any file, you must be
permitted the type of access you seek according to both the
individual file's protection and the protection of the UFD for that
file's disk area. A UFD's protection key thus automatically applies
to all files on that disk area.
A one in the first bit (400 bit) position of a file's protection key
means that the file dumping program DART (that provides file backup
on magnetic tape) should never dump this file. Fkr UFD's, this 400
bit means that the password for this PPN should be required by LOGIN
only for remote users. A one in the second bit (200 bit) means that
COPY should not delete this file without getting special
confirmation; this preventpε↓CGGS⊃K]iC0AIKY∃iS←\A←LA∧AMSY∀@AoSQPAiQ∀~∃[←9Si←d↓ → Q
AG←5[C]H8@A
←HA+
λ≥fXAi!J@d`@AESh↓S\Ai!JAae=iKGi%←\AW∃r~∃SLAGkeIK]iYdAk]kMKH\@↓)QJAIK[CS9S]NAMKmK\↓ESifPbnn↓ESi`~I↓βπ⊗)β K}[↔84VK;S=π##K↔*β∨K?/βMi↓π##∃β&C'K⊃ε∪'Q↓C AA↓ε∪'Q%π#↔33~β←#π"βS#∃αβ?←;/⊃β?_hSS#∃ε3'3∃εkπeβ&y↓βSzβS#∃ε3'3∃αA ?←v+I ↓εk↔π;~βπ;eπ+O↔Iεc?∨∨.!↓β'rβ←'S@h+S#*βOπ7*αBB9ε MβSF Qβ?2↓βS#*β≠'3*I1βSF)β7'∃β&CK↔∃ε∪'SMα↓!A]αβ 'S~H4+S.c1β←F Qβ?&C↔I↓εc?∨∨.!7'9π+O↔K~β7πeε#=↓β>KS!β&C∃β≠Nc∃1β∞s⊃↓β&C∃β3∂≠P4+&CK↔∃ε∪'SMαAAA]ε∪'SMJβS↔3bβ←#π"β;?Qnc?∨∨.!7'9π+O↔K~β7πeε#=9↓ααS#∃∧bV@4WβK'[Nc↔∨∃αCO↔∃πβπ∨∃β ]a%ε#↔S↔⊗k';↔~β←#↔&C↔Iβ&C∃βO.≠?;⊃ε{IβSFKK⊃β?∪?W@hS'Mβ≡C↔∂/.!β←#.qβ¬↓π∪↔≠↔⊗+;∂∃εKMβ7∞#∃βSzβ¬↓β6K3∃β}qβ¬β&KO-↓ε K↔¬ε{S#↔⊂h+S#∞qβg?/⊃β?←rq↓α∂␈∪K↔Oε{;∪'v9β ''→β'9π##∃βf{∨∨↔"k'97/≠↔Iβ∞s⊃βSF)β;?"h4+3};∨↔⊃nK97W≡+IβC⊗{S↔∂&K?9β?∪?WC~β7↔πrβS#∃π≠π7∃π##';:β WQε3?I↓π##∃β';<4+&K≠≠↔⊗+;Qβ≡cπOO/→↓β?2βWO↔↔→9↓α&C∃↓β≡{3∃β⊗KQβ'r↓βS#*β?←;/⊃↓β∨⊗{WA↓C A@4V∪'Q%εk↔π;~βS#∃π≠π7∃ε MβSF)βS#O∪⊃β O!β'9ε+π∂!ε{→βSF)β?SF+I↓β?∪?WC~↓!E@hQ→↓Eε∪'SMJβ WQε CC3N+MβSzβS#∃ε{←;↔∩β?→β&C∃β≠Nc∃84Ph*'9ε+π∂!ε;K?Wαaβ¬↓ε{;∃βNqβS#*β≠'K∨!β '"↓βC?≡KS'?r↓!QAα1↓Q↓ε∪'SMJβ7↔πw_4+SF Q↓β&C∃βW≡+KM↓ε≠?KK/≠C?;&K;≥↓π#=βSF Q↓β?∪?WAε K∃↓εs?Q↓πβ↔K7O#S↔⊃π#<4+≡Cπ;∨*↓βS#*↓β≠'f)∨M↓πβK?S.≠S'?r↓β/↔Jq↓↓α&C'M↓εKM↓↓ε≠π33.!↓αB∀zR⊗∞$J>84UαJ>R,~R&>rq↓α¬π+O↔IεKMβπg;πgMπβ↔K7O#S↔⊃π#=β∂F ;∨∃π##∃βπ∪?S↔∨#'?9ε[↔gLhS?→βFKMβ?>q↓β≠Nc↔M9αα¬β?v)↓β'rβS#∃π≠↔∂?v!β '"↓βC?≡KS'?r↓!IAα1↓↓Iε∪'SMHh+7↔∞sMβSF QβSF)↓β∂␈∪K↔Oε{;∪'v9βWO/∪Mβ7∂Iβ;?"↓βK↔∞!βS#*β≠'3*q↓↓αis is
called READ PROTECTION, and, again, a user may always read his own
files. A one in the third bit position (100 & 10 & 1 bits) means
that the corresponding users may not write, alter or delete the file.
This is called WRITE PROTECTION\@AIKCHAAe←iK
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XQ |d∞≤[⎇ \⎇~;md≥;[ ↑|c"O≥⎇(~mm⎇hλ∞M→(≤ ≡|⎇{n 2⊂37\⊂⊂-XK_nW⊂λ*42P≤tvx6→yz⊂⊂≥p|P:≠P⊂1t_w3rP≡wzyεB*c"∪\P⊂89≠z2qz~ww⊂⊂~yP:7H⊂67sH⊂4w⊂≥ytw3H⊂0P⊂≤2y1r[:⊂9tYw⊂⊂∀ TP⊂0\P:42CE22v~vtz2\⊂12z≥rrw⊂≤97u2Xz⊂1wY2P0w→⊂897Yy0vvYy⊂1wY2W⊂⊂∪'cdgλ⊂;tv≠⊂:42[εE0v≠7{P<[zP:7H⊂1t0[3rP:~2P80\y{wy→⊗⊂⊂:~2P*c⊃∪yP8≤7z2q]4ww⊗λ⊂0w2 wy⊂:~2FE2→s0zv≥⊂897]2qz4[w⊂37\⊂:40]⊂*c" εEβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ"4yuH(97u→qz⊗h≤7sy0[vry⊂∪0vryCEεEεB+t2wλ⊂<wzH⊂92s→y2w1YP⊂0Pλ34v2H⊂7w⊂λ:42Pλ24yuK⊂⊂<w]P⊂6z\z⊂⊂9\2qts≡P:42CE897Z2qz⊗\97sy_vvryλ70vrH⊂7s⊂≥42P⊂→4v2S\P7{w→y↔⊂⊂∩s⊂⊂:~2P34[2P⊂4\P<wz\εE7{[⊗⊂:4~yP1p[⊂12P→7w2Pλ1<P4[24qp]4w3P_P(('λ;wy2λ7s⊂⊂≡2y7Wλ⊂)wvYz4vr\VεE4≠{r{2\⊗⊂<w]P⊂;w]v2⊂6~urP0H⊂897Yy0vP≥7P⊂0Xz⊂0yH4s⊂⊂~z⊂;r\2P⊂6≠ssrrλ4wεE≥w22yλ0P24Y32y2[:⊂((∪↔⊂⊂*~4yP1Xw⊂12H0qqw[x64yZ2r⊂;Zz4⊂9→yx2q]⊂:7P→4v2FB92s2\2w1r\P:49≠zst⊂≥42P:\rP7sλ"4yuH(('9H0w2⊂≥42P"∀eh('λ*jgWλ⊂"pqZ⊂57qβE40yH0yywXtpz2Y⊂;tz~⊂4z⊂_P"4yZP(97Z2qz⊗T97sy_vvryλ'0vrH∀:42H⊂"4yZP((' εE0v≤wP1p[62r⊂≥42P S$`iTH:40zλ4yP:\rr⊂;Z2w2{→y⊂:4→P(('λ;wy2λ37y⊂λ0P24\uFE3~v2P9\2qts~qpz4[w⊂1w[:0tw≤P=2y≠W⊂⊂,[zy⊂"~yuP(∀'⊂4yH9rz⊂≥7P⊂<[zy⊂9→pvεE∀('⊂⊂≥t2w⊂λ<wzP≠7sP⊂~w⊂⊂0[2⊂1p[⊂⊂12H⊂1t0[3rr⊂≥tz4⊂λ:42Pλ6ww4]7y⊂ S$`iFB1wvvXw2≥P~z⊂⊂1Xw⊂0v≤wP12H⊂1t0[3rr⊂≠y⊂92]94r{→r⊂⊂;Zz4⊂:~2P⊂"∀eh('λ*jgWβE*4:\P4s⊂≡wzP⊂≤x2qtY<P0P→4v2P≥tz4⊂λ0P=2\7P((∪⊗⊂⊂:~2P89≠u2qz x97s\0vvr\εE70[rP7sλ⊂<wz\⊂"4yZP⊂((∪⊂∀<w]y⊂0v~pyTPλ;tv6λ12P⊂_yyzvYr⊂37\⊂⊂:4→P34v→WεE*~4yP6Yz47rλ27ryH77z⊗λ47{r]2y⊗⊂_v67{H<wzP≥4wv0]2P0w≡P⊂89≠z2qz~ww⊂5Y|yFE→7y⊂:~2P34[2yP⊂≡wzP9→s2y2[1rW⊂λ*42yYP⊂89≠z2qz~ww⊂5Y|yP0\2P⊂0\864rY⊂:7FB<wzyλ92pvλ∀67sYrr⊂⊂~w∀P(∀'⊂:7H⊂9rrH4s⊂<[zP⊂0\2P82\6tz:→r⊂:4→P⊂5t[2⊂7sβE0qqYyyP<[zP0y→P92x]ryz4[3P37\⊂:42H34v2KεEβ")eh∀'⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___≠LnP⊂!Pf&$P
___≠LFE⊗VKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂&gU"P⊂⊂⊂aV-↑_wr2←↔FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ")eh∀'⊂ aKεEεE⊂wr2Pλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ&rpw~w3FEβE_⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂)2]:y7⊂≠{w⊂"~yuP(∀'⊂4wλ aWεB⊗XP⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂)2yYz⊂7{[⊂"4yZP(('λ:7P6≠ssrrλ4w⊂(∀'↔εE ⊗⊗7⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ)2z:\7⊂:4→P"4yZP(('λ7s⊂5≠q⊂7↔βE≡89≠u∨⊗⊗ ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂)r]⊂7{wλ"4yuH(('⊂≥7]⊂≡≤97u∨ ⊗≡67Ysrr⊂~w⊂89≠sW⊂7_vr←↔βE≡89≠u∨⊗⊗∂897sO⊂⊂)r]⊂7{wλ"4yuH(('⊂≥7P:4_z⊂4wλ aWεBεEεE∃42P⊂λ")eh∀'⊂⊂*UgP⊂⊂~yP⊂:\rr⊂⊂λ:7P⊂_t0w3YP⊂⊂7\⊂⊂92]94r{→P⊂⊂<[zy⊂⊂⊃4yuFB(97u→qz⊗h≤7sy0[vry⊂∪0vrP≠y⊂:7H92z9~r{2P≥42P"~yuP(∀'⊂7sλ⊂9wvYww2P→v9rWβE*42H0qz4[w⊂:0Zrw⊂1≡P:44\P*jgH4yP2→z2y6Zw2r⊂_<P:4→P1wr→P4w⊂⊂aW⊂⊂λ$s⊂ PFE1w[:0tw≤P⊂=2\7V⊂<[zy⊂⊂_zy92[:⊂⊂"~yuP(∀'⊂⊂4\P⊂92]:y72Y⊂4w⊂λ aW⊂λ⊂$s⊂⊂aFE1[w:0t[9P⊗XK⊂<wz\⊂⊂"4\uP((∪⊂4yPλ92yr]⊂:7P≡wzy⊂λ67ssYr⊂4wλ(('↔λ⊂⊂$sλ aFE_ww:0Zw9P0H57q⊂≠:vq2\⊗⊂:4→P"4yZP(('λ37y⊂≥40z⊂~7q⊂4\P92z≥y72r∞P⊂4sλ:42FB57q⊂~yP⊂7≠z⊂67Ysrr⊂~w⊗⊂⊂≡2y7P~yP⊂9→z:y7→r↔⊂⊂∩s⊂:4→P⊂94Yt:⊂4_v3⊂⊂≠s⊂ aCE1ww≥0tw9H=2y7H0w2⊂≥42P6→s:⊂4_v3⊂4\P77w ⎇2y7K⊂:42[⊂:42H()'e⊃aj⊂8_y:⊂7YεE<w]y⊂"4\uP⊂(∀'⊂4yH9rz⊂λ:7P:~2P⊂8≤7u2q]⊂9x2Xts4rY⊂1<Pλ aP6→s:⊂⊂_w2⊂:~2FE(∀'ci Sfbi⊂≤0y:⊂λ4yP9Yz⊂:7H⊂:42H897s\0vvr\⊂1wr→P⊂:w→2y⊂;Z4qt⊂λ<wzP_y2FE≠7ssrY⊂4w↔λ⊂$s⊂_7z4⊂~0v;2\P7s⊂⊂aP0y→P77w ⎇2y7H0w2⊂⊂aP⊂2≠ryw∪]⊂1ww≥0twεB⊗XV⊂≥42w⊂≡wzy⊂⊃4yuP∀('⊂4\P⊂9r]⊂:7P≥42P(∀'⊂9x→qts4Yr⊂1<H:42Pλ;t7v→P aWβE'7P→y97yλ1t2qZtw3P~yP27[2P:7H⊂6puYP9zy→P aP~7v29H0P62Ypv⊂⊂≠y⊂2|~yz4w→FE((∪↔εE 2.8 Initializing a Device
There are two UUOs available to initialize a device: the INIT UUO and
the OPEN UUO. Either of these UUOs can be used; the only difference
between them is the format for passing parameters to the system.
Each of these UUOs tells the system what device you want to use, what
mode you want to use it in, where your buffer headers are, if any,
and what channel number you want to associate with the device. The
mode is specified in a half word value which is used as the right
half of the initial I/O status word for the device. If the device is
a non-sharable device (such as the line printer, a terminal, a
dectape or a magnetic tape) which is not available now, the system
will normally type out a message asking if you will wait for it.
However, the following bits in the data mode half word which you
specify when you attempt to initialize the device can be used to
indicate special action to be taken.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF 1'S IN THE INITIAL DATA MODE
26 0,,1000 Wait automatically until the device is
available.
27 0,,400 Take error return automatically if the
device is busy. This bit takes
precedence over bit 26.
If you want to have your program wait automatically without your
being asked, you should have bit 26 (the 1000 bit) on in the data
mode half word. If you would like to get the error return
automatically when a device is busy, you should have bit 27 (the 400
bit) on in the data mode. The automatic error return bit takes
precedence over the automatic wait bit. Note that these two bits (26
and 27) are among those reserved for device-dependent features.
Thus, if you have either of these bits on when you initialize a
device, you should use the SETSTS UUO (explained in Section 2.15) to
turn them off after you get the device unless you want the particular
features they represent for that device. See the device writeups in
Section 13 for the meanings of these bits for the individual devices.
A device can be referred to by either its PHYSICAL name or its
LOGICAL name. The physical name of a device is the permanent name
given that device by the system. A logical device name is a
temporary name that can be specified with the monitor ASSIGN command.
Device names (physical or logical) are stored left-justified in
sixbit representation. For example, the device DTA1 is represented
by the octal number 446441210000, which can be set up by the SIXBIT
pseudo-op in the assembly languages, i.e., SIXBIT /DTA1/. If a given
device name is both a physical name (of one device) and a logical
name (of another device), the logical name takes precedence.
INIT [OP=041]
--------------------------------------------------
INIT <channel number>,<data mode>
<physical or logical device name in sixbit>
OBUF,,IBUF
<error return>
The INIT UUO initializes the named device on the channel indicated by
the AC field and in the data mode specified by the address field of
the instruction. OBUF should be the address for your output buffer
header or zero if none. IBUF should be the the address for your
input buffer header or zero if none. If you are not going to do any
buffered output on this channel, OBUF can be zero. If you are not
going to do any buffered input on this channel, IBUF can be zero.
See the explanation above of bits 26:27 in the data mode half-word
for selecting action to be taken automatically if the device you are
trying to INIT is busy.
The INIT initializes the 3-word buffer headers by zeroing the first
and third words (indicating that there is no buffer ring and no data)
and by setting up the left half of the byte pointer (second word) to
contain only the byte size (which is detemined by the mode). If you
want to use a byte size other than the standard one for the mode you
are using, you can change the byte size field after the INIT is done.
The system will then still correctly calculate the byte count which
it places in the third word of the buffer header after an INPUT or
OUTPUT UUO.
The data mode half word is used to set the right half of the I/O
status word for this device. The IOACT bit, however, is masked out
when this is done. (The I/O status word is explained in Section
2.6.)
When you initialize a device, any device open on the channel
specified is released before the new device is initialized. (See the
RELEAS UUO in Section 2.12.)
If there is no device with the name you give, the error return
(double skip) is taken. If this UUO is successful, the triple skip
return is taken.
OPEN [OP=050]
--------------------------------------------------
OPEN <channel number>,ADR
<error return>
ADR: <data mode>
<device name in sixbit>
OBUF,,IBUF
The OPEN UUO does exactly the same thing as the INIT UUO above. The
difference is that the information passed to the system by OPEN does
not have to appear in line with the instruction stream. The location
of this information is specified by the effective address of the UUO.
Hence OPEN can be used by reentrant programs that change the data
referenced by the UUO.
The left half of the data mode word is ignored.
2.9 Setting Up Buffer Rings
For buffered I/O, a buffer ring must be set up in your core area.
Unless you issue an explicit buffer-creating UUO (described below),
or make the buffer ring yourself (very carefully!), the system will
set up a buffer ring for you when you first give an INPUT or OUTPUT
UUO. That is, if a device open in buffered mode has no associated
input (output) buffer ring when the first INPUT (OUTPUT) UUO is
given, the system will set up a two-buffer ring before carrying out
the normal function of the UUO. To do buffered input (output), you
must have given the address of the input (output) buffer header when
you initialized the device.
Whenever the system sets up a buffer ring for you, it places the ring
at the address contained in JOBFF in your job data area (see Appendix
2). You may cause your buffers to be set up anywhere in your core
image by temporarily changing JOBFF to point to the place where you
want the buffers to be. If there is not enough room between JOBFF
and JOBREL for the number of buffers you request, your core image is
automatically expanded to make room. After the ring is set up, JOBFF
is left pointing to the first word beyond the ring and your buffer
header is made to point to the first buffer in the ring.
The following UUOs cause a buffer ring to be set up, and they permit
specification of a non-standard number of buffers and non-standard
sizes.
INBUF [OP=064]
--------------------------------------------------
INBUF <channel number>,<number of buffers>
The INBUF UUO causes an input buffer ring to be set up in your core
area and to be associated with the specified channel. The effective
address of this UUO is interpreted as the number of buffers the ring
is to have. If the effective address is zero, two buffers are set up
(the same number of buffers you would get if you did not give this
UUO at all).
OUTBUF [OP=065]
--------------------------------------------------
OUTBUF <channel number>,<number of buffers>
The OUTBUF UUO causes a ring of output buffers to be set up exactly
as INBUF does for input buffers.
UINBF [OP=704]
--------------------------------------------------
UINBF <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <number of buffers>
<number of words of data in each buffer> + 1
The UINBF UUO causes an input buffer ring to be set up in your core
area and to be associated with the specified channel. The effective
address points to a two word block. The first word of this block
contains the number of buffers to be in the ring (zero means two),
and the second word contains a number which is one greater than the
number of words of data in each buffer.
Some devices (including the disk) do not accept nonstandard buffer
sizes. Devices that will accept nonstandard sizes include terminals
and magnetic tapes. For other devices see the individual device
descriptions in Section 13.
UOUTBF [OP=705]
--------------------------------------------------
UOUTBF <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <number of buffers>
<number of words of data in each buffer> + 1
The UOUTBF UUO causes a ring of output buffers to be set up exactly
as UINBF does for input buffers.
BUFLEN [OP=047, ADR=400042] CALLI 400042
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
BUFLEN AC,
The BUFLEN UUO tells you the standard buffer size for the device
specified by the contents of AC. AC should contain either the name
(logical or physical) of the device or the number of the channel on
which it is open. The buffer size, which is returned in AC, is one
greater than the length of the data portion of a buffer that would be
set up if you did an INIT and then an INBUF or OUTBUF for the
particular device. This is the number you would need to use to set
up a standard size buffer with a UINBF or a UOUTBF UUO. The total
number of words each buffer would take up is two greater than this
number (see Section 2.5). If there is no such device, zero is
returned in AC.
2.10 Opening Files
After initialization of a directory device (e.g., the disk), a
particular file on the device must be opened (i.e., selected) before
any I/O can take place. Opening of a file for input is done with the
LOOKUP UUO; opening of a file for output is done with the ENTER UUO.
An ENTER done after a LOOKUP of the same file on the same channel
opens the file in Read-Alter mode, which is explained on page 35.
The RENAME UUO is available for changing a file's name or
specifications (date written, protection, etc.) after the file has
been opened. RENAME is also used to delete files.
If you initialize a directory device and attempt to transfer data
with an INPUT (OUTPUT) UUO without having done a LOOKUP (ENTER), the
system will type out a message and require you to type in a filename
so that a LOOKUP (ENTER) can be done before the data is transferred.
For non-directory devices, the UUOs LOOKUP, ENTER and RENAME are
no-ops; they always take the success (skip) return.
LOOKUP [OP=076]
--------------------------------------------------
LOOKUP <channel number>,ADR
<error return>
ADR: <file name in sixbit>
<file name extension in sixbit>
<this word is ignored>
<project-programmer name in sixbit>
The LOOKUP UUO opens for input the file specified by the four-word
block pointed to by the effective address of the UUO. The first word
of the block should contain the sixbit name of the file to be read;
the second word should contain the sixbit file name extension in the
left half. If the device is the disk, the fourth word of the block
should contain the project-programmer name for the file or zero; zero
will cause your current Disk PPN to be assumed for the file (see page
20). The right half of the file extension word is ignored as is the
whole word following the extension word. For dectapes the
project-programmer name is also ignored.
A LOOKUP always does a CLOSE of the input side of the channel (see
Section 2.12) before attempting to open the specified file for
input. If the LOOKUP is successful, the skip return is taken and
some information about the file is returned. If the file does not
exist or if some other error condition arises, then the error return
(no skip) is taken and, if the device is the disk, an error code is
returned in the right half of ADR+1 (the rest of the block is
unchanged). If you try to LOOKUP a disk file that is read protected
against you, then you will get the protection-failure error. The
disk error codes for LOOKUP, ENTER and RENAME are explained in a
table on page 36. Every LOOKUP, ENTER or RENAME error leaves you
with no file open on the offending channel except that after a BAD
RETRIEVAL error of code 11 you are permitted to RENAME the garbaged
file. No error codes are returned for dectapes.
After a successful LOOKUP of a disk file, the following information
is returned in the LOOKUP block. The word at ADR+2 contains: the
file's protection in bits 0:8 (777000,,0 bits) the data mode in which
the file was written in bits 9:12 (740,,0 bits), the file's time
written in bits 13:23 (37,,770000 bits), and the low-order =12 bits
of the file's date written in bits 24:35 (0,,7777 bits). The 3
high-order bits of the file's date written are returned in bits 18:20
(0,,700000 bits) of the word at ADR+1. These values are stored in
the directory when the file is created and may be changed with the
RENAME UUO (see page 34). (The date written is in system date
format which is explained under the DATE UUO on page 165. The time
written is in minutes past midnight on the date given. The
protection bits are explained on page 19 and the data mode is
explained in Section 2.2.) The word at ADR+3 contains the negative
swapped word count, that is, the negative of the number of words in
the file, with the left and right halves exchanged. (The word count
is returned in this strange format to be compatible with DEC's
format.) Finally, bits 21:35 of the word at ADR+1 contains, in
system date format, the "creation date" of the file, which is a
slightly less than well defined quantity. The date written, whose
high-order part is in bits 18:20 (0,,700000) of the word at ADR+1 and
whose low-order part is in bits 24:35 (0,,7777 bits) of the word at
ADR+2, is the usual date of interest.
Here is a summary of the information in the block after a successful
LOOKUP on the disk.
ADR: <file name>
ADR+1: <Bits 0:17 (777777,,0 bits): file name extension;
bits 18:20 (0,,700000 bits): high-order bits of date written;
bits 21:35 (0,,77777 bits): "creation date">
ADR+2: <Bits 0:8 (777000,,0 bits): protection;
bits 9:12 (740,,0 bits): data mode;
bits 13:23 (37,,770000 bits): time written;
bits 24:35 (0,,7777 bits): low-order bits of date written>
ADR+3: <negative swapped word count>
WARNING! You may not do two consecutive successful LOOKUPs for the
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β≠'3*;L4+⊗+SK'/3π1%ε{9βC∞;∃↓IC⊃84(hR'→β&C∃β∪/3'∂∃εKMβ¬ε#↔∂S∂β∃1β&C∃β≠Nc∃∨Mεsπ7∃ε ;⊃β/CS↔;≡K?9β∂∪∃β←⊗KSS↔ph+';&y↓βSF)↓β≠O∪OQβ';=↓β>{K∪Mαβ?→↓π##∃β6K3∃∨~↓β∪'⊗+∂S?↔I↓β↔w#Ke↓ε{9βSF(4+∪.≠SπC*q↓αSF)βK'>CQβ#∞c→β?2βS#∃ε+cS↔w≠'?9π;?K⊃εK9βSF)↓β∪O∪↔∂S␈∪eβ∨/#L4+&C∃β;.k ↔Iαβ?→β&C∃β≠O∪OQ↓ε#↔∂S∂β∃β f{∂-β∞c3?∂∂#↔⊃↓π#=βSF)↓β≠Nc∃9↓¬##∀4W##'K"β←?K"↓β?→π##∃β6K3∃∨~↓β∪'⊗+∂S?↔Iβ↔;'∪eβ∨/#M↓β&C∃β∂/∪K↔;"↓β∪π&)β'8hSOgO&+5β∪∂#∃↓β6{K7π"aβπ;"βS#∃αβ≠?W↔#!β←␈∪⊃β?2↓βS#*β∪'K.≠S?KJ↓β↔;'∪eβ'_h+∂?εK↔⊃β7∪?5β&C∃β≠␈+KS!π;?K⊃ε{→βSF)α⊗:$*Iβ f{∂-9αα;?Kn 1βC⊗{∂↔∪/∪∃β≠␈⊂4+←⊗KS';:β∪W7αβ7?∪*β≠'3/→β'MαβS=βπ+QβSF)β∪Wo↓β7?&)β∂?nkπ;⊃α↓#←#N≠!β←Nc04+?∪'S∃ε{WQβ&C∃↓β.sS'K*β≠'3*Iβ';&yβS#*↓β≠?/∪S!β>{K⊃β}1βS#*↓α⊗:$*Iβ f{∂,4V∪↔≠?⊗)βS#*α⊗:R-⊃β'Mε#?;∃π≠=βSF Qβ¬π≠W O/ W↔;"α2>>]*Aβ←Nc1βK/#WK9π##'LhS←?K"β←#'≡Aβ∂?w#π';~βS#∃εc↔;∨&A↓β?2βS#∃ε3'3∃r↓α'9ε∪W≠≠/∪↔⊃↓εk?∪∃bβS#'_h+←?⊗!βO#␈+3⊃β⊗)↓βk/∪=βOzβS#π"↓βS#*β≠'3*β←'3b↓β;?"βπCC. IβSz↓β#π6)β ↔.p4+←⊗KSS↔rβ'9β'+7Aβn{∪∃8hP4*←F+9βSF)α⊗:$*Iβ'~β∂K↔∂#';≥ε β;↔:β≠'3*↓#∂π≡)↓Eβ∞∪?[∃Jβ?9β&C∃β∪O≠-1β&C∀4+6K3∃∨~↓βCK␈#↔∂SN{9β'~↓βO↔"β≠K?j↓β ''→↓AiB↓↓!];9AAAbaAβ O#M%↓ε{→αε%⊃-H4W+;3↔∨→βS#∂!β≠'.c⊃β'~↓AAAb↓β'9π;#'∂Bβ∂πO*βS#∃ε#↔≠π.cQ↓β6K3∃βπ∪?S↔∨#'?8hS?→β&C'M↓ε3'3∃?→αV~"β'M↓π+O↔⊃r↓α←#.qβS#*↓α⊗:$*Iβ'~βOWC/∪O↔∪Ns≥↓β∞qβ?3 h+≠'f)↓#∂∂≠∃↓Iε ?[*Iβ?9αβS#∃ε#'O-bβS#∃ε3'3∃?→βCK␈#↔∂SN{9β'~↓βπ∨∞K9βO/ 4+≠⊗{5β O#M↓ASA↓!];9AAAbaAβ O#M%β}1αε∩∩YIβWvc↔OMπ##πQε3'↔3"β'M↓β↓AA1εK84+>C'∂!ε≠πO∃π##∃βπ∪?S↔∨#'?9ε{→βSF)β≠'f)β ↔Ns≥βO/β↔KO.#↔⊃β>K31β⊗)βCπ∨≠↔⊂4W#=βSF)β;↔:β[↔K≡K?99αα←#↔r↓βS#*α⊗:R-⊃β?C.sMβ¬ε#'O-ε3'3∃αβ'9α⊗+π⊃6∞cS↔HhS7?∪*↓#∂π≡)↓Mβ∞∪?[∃JaβS#*βCK?&+∂S'}qβ?→π##∃β6K3∃βO→β;?"β∂#πv;↔⊃β.s3↔O_h+'Qαβ'M↓β↓AA1αβ'9↓π;#'∂B↓β∂π≡)βS#*↓β≠'f)↓β'~↓β∨'6+9↓β&C∃↓β&+≠πWg!β≠'f(4+C⊗{S↔∂&K?9β}1β'S~αV~⊃ph(4*N1βS#*↓α⊗:$*Iβ'~βOW∂≡+OO≠.a1↓β&C∃βO↑KAβK/#WK9αβ'Mβ& /↔9ε ;⊃1αβ≠?Iπ##∀4V#'O-bβ↔cπ∨#3eβ&C∃βO∞k∃β'v3?K7∂#'?9εKMβK/#WK;.!β'9π##∃β⊗c?∂-αβπMβ∞3S↔HhS¬βO.≠∂↔O≡3W1αdz>.Vα↓#O↔*βS#∃∧b>>.-↓αVVzβπ ?6)βπ;"β;?S*βS#π"β≠?Iε β;↔8h+≠'f)βS#*↓β←?⊗!β∂?.sQβ'~↓βk↔⊗y%9↓∧K→βg␈)↓βπ⊗)βOWε+KO↔&K;≥β∞q↓β?f!β∪'≡X4+≠Nc∃↓β>KS!↓π##∃β≡ 7∃↓εsπ7∃b↓βS#.q↓βSF)β?3"↓β≠'f)∨M↓ε≠K↔π&K?9↓ε#πS∃εKL4+⊗+SWKv+⊃9↓¬;'S!ε βOW≡≠↔OO7+1α⊗u"⊗I↓ε{→β¬ε#↔∂S∂β∃β≠Nc∃1β&C∃↓βw+7 ↔∩β?_4W##∃↓ε3'KO"β 3?≡Y↓βπfc?∂π&+⊃βSz↓βS#*β≠'3*↓β'Mπ∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃↓εK9↓β⊗KSM↓∪ iMThQ!A1c9]]]:β 'S~Iβ?→ααε∩I[ mβSF)βK↔n ';∪/⊃β?→αβS#∃∧*:R⊗∩β 3?≡Y↓β'~β3↔≠ h+W;≡Cπ;∨.!9↓αN1βπ9∧*:R⊗∩β≠π'g→β≠?∩βπ;eπ∪↔πO}q1βSF+9βSF)↓β;zkO/'αβ↔KK␈⊂4+K/#WK9εKMβS∞[↔9β∞s⊃1βN1βS#*β∪↔[N≠∃β'~βS#∃ε#'O-bβ¬β∂}#∃β'~βK↔S/∪;↔⊃εK84+&C∃βKN;#QβF 3→β}1αε∩∩YE↓#&C∃βK/≠Qβ?2βS#∃ε∪3?∂Zβ'Mβ.s∂#πv;↔⊃%r↓α'→πK?T4W#Keβ&y↓α⊗u"⊗Iβ
β≠'3*↓βS#∂!β'Mπ;K'S*↓βCK␈#↔∂S.!βπ∨∞K;OQπK?U1αβS#↔rβg?ThS←'3b↓β∨↔"βS#∃αβCK?&+∂S'}q7≠πNcWK∃ε+KK?∩q↓↓α&C∃β∪O≠-↓β/∪K?Iαβ∂?∪/→β≠?⊂h*2>|ZVA1∧*:R⊗∩βπ;⊃¬∩⊗:εl)βπK*β↔cCf ';↔"β'9β
βSπ f)β?9πβπ∨∃α↓MY9αα↔[↔↔H4*2|z.VAbα⊗:R-⊃↓β?∩αJ⊗: j∃β↔↔∪?I↓εc↔π[/→βg?*β←'SB↓β;=ε3'3∃ε{C↔9αβ?9β&C∀4+}3≠↔;&K;≥β≡Cπ;;.aβ↔c≡+CQβ&CπQβ∞3S↔Iε α
ε"αJ⊗R∀J⊗Zεbβ↔KK␈⊃β?→αβ∂?∪*↓ED4WK?Uβ∂∪∃βC/∪7'S&+⊃↓β&yαJ⊗t
6∃β&C∃β∨∂∪ π∨.!↓β≠Nc∃9↓∧s=β↔↔∪?I↓ε≠?∪↔~βπK∀hSK↔S/∪;↔⊃ε3?Iβ&+∂Sπε+M84Ph*π9∧*:R⊗∩β∂π9ε3π'1ε3?Iβ
β;W7⊗+Iβ?2βK↔π≡{;M9αα'Qβ>K31β6 '1βN1↓βSF)β≠'f(4+;∞k∃↓βO→βk↔⊗y1↓βN1βS#*↓αBBr↓#?Iαα∪'OZαBB9J↓β'MεK33↔> 11↓εK→↓β&C∃β≠Nc∀4+∞cK↔π'Iβ↔cO≠SM↓ε ;⊃βO→β←KO#∃↓βπ∪?S↔∨#↔⊃β∞;π';∨!βg?*a↓β'2βS#∃αβ≠'3*β'L4V 3K↔∞#eβ?ε+9β≠␈⊃β?W'βWQ↓F∪eβπwK?;∃Jaβ'→π##∃β&+['∂*β'Mβ
β∪↔∂& C∃β>C'∂ hS'Mβ∞cK↔π'Iβ≠Wfa1β?∩β'→βN{Uβ#∂3∃βπg∪↔π∪Jβ∪?;*β¬α2|z.VAε{9βSFKMβ∂F ;;↔`h+π;"βS#∃ε3'3↔v 7∃β6{IβSF)α⊗:$*Iβ∪}+Mβ;␈!βπ∨⊗+∃β←O#!βSF Qβ∨O3↔9↓εK9βSF(4*2|z.VAαCO↔∃¬∪↔π⊃l 3S↔∩β7?∪*β≠?Iπ##∃β&KO-β}qβCπ>)↓MUJp4(4U;'S!ε βOW≡≠↔OO7+1α⊗u"⊗I↓ε{→β¬ε#'O-ε3'3∃αβS=β∨+C↔K≡+∪∃β∞qβ?3"↓β≠'f)β?_hSS#∃π≠π7∃εsπ7∃bβS#∃ε{3⊃β6K3∃↓π;'31ε∪∃βK/β3π∂.!β←'&AβS#*β;↔]αβ≠'3*α↑"⊗ph*R"*α:⊗]αα~&2*α&Mα≤b>N⊗"q↓↓α.sS'1π##πQπ#'7∃b↓βπ;JβπSS.kCQβ&y↓βK. ⊃βSF(4+Oε+∂'≠N+⊃↓β6K3∃β>K31↓ε ∂∂↔∨→βS#*↓β?3"β≠'3*q↓↓α∞3S↔Iπ##∃↓εs↔]↓ε3'3∃εKL4+≡c?O↔"a↓βπwIβπS&+7CQαβS=β⊗+π⊃↓π##∃β∨β↔∂'6K↔⊃↓ε3'3∃π;'31αβ∨↔QαβS#∃εs↔\4W3↔KON{9mβ&C∃β?f!β[↔↔≠'?9π;'31π≠Sπeε K?Wv!β?;gIβ3?v9β↔;␈+∨!β6{IβπwK?;∀hSOS'faβK↔∞#';≥εKQβSzβ≠';O≠!84P RENAME [OP=055]
--------------------------------------------------
RENAME <channel number>,ADR
<error return>
ADR: <new file name or zero for deletion>
<new file extension>,,<high-order date bits (0,,700000)>
<new protection, mode, time and low-order date bits>
<project-programmer name>
The RENAME UUO is used to change the name, extension,
project-programmer name, protection key, mode, or time and date
written, or a combination of these, for a file, or to delete a file.
This UUO MUST be given AFTER a successful LOOKUP or ENTER has been
done on this channel and MAY be given after a CLOSE UUO (see Section
2.12) for this channel. However, if you do a CLOSE and then someone
else either RENAMEs (successfully or not) your CLOSEd file or opens
it in Read-Alter mode, then you will no longer be permitted to RENAME
the file. As with LOOKUP and ENTER, if the project-programmer name
is zero, your current Disk PPN is assumed.
If the file name specified is zero, and if the effective PPN matches
the PPN of the file open on this channel, then that file is marked
for deletion. This means that as soon as no one is reading the file,
it will go away. After a file has been marked for deletion, anyone
already reading it will be able to continue reading it but will not
be able to RENAME it, and anyone attempting to start reading it will
not find it.
If the file name is not zero, then the name, extension,
project-programmer name and protection key for the file open on this
channel are all changed to those specified in the four-word block.
The protection key is in bits 0:8 (777000,,0 bits) at ADR+2. Also,
if the mode, time and date fields (in bits 18:20 (0,,700000 bits) at
ADR+1 and bits 9:35 (777,,777777 bits) at ADR+2) are not all zero,
then the mode and time/date written of the file are set to those
specified by these bits: bits 9:12 (740,,0 bits) of ADR+2 are the
mode field; bits 13:23 (37,,770000) of ADR+2 are the time; and bits
18:20 (0,,700000 bits) of ADR+1 are the high-order date bits and bits
24:35 (0,,7777 bits) of ADR+2 are the low-order date bits. Note that
for dectapes, the mode and the time written are not saved; however,
if either of the mode and time fields is non-zero, then the file's
date written will be set from the two-part date field, even if it is
zero. The protection-key field is ignored for dectapes.
If the RENAME is successful, the skip return is taken. Otherwise,
the no-skip error return is taken and (for the disk) an error code is
returned in the right half of ADR+1, with the rest of the block left
unchanged. If you try to change the name of a file that is write
protected against you, or if you try to change the protection of a
file that is protection protected against you, then you will get the
protection-failure return. You cannot delete, or change the name or
protection of, a UFD except that you can change the protection of
your own UFD. The disk error codes for LOOKUP, ENTER and RENAME are
explained in a table on page 36. Every LOOKUP, ENTER or RENAME
error leaves you with no file open on the offending channel except
that after a BAD RETRIEVAL error of code 11 you are permitted to
RENAME the garbaged file. No error codes are returned for dectapes.
Read-Alter Mode
There are two basic methods of updating data in a file. In the
first, the file is copied, with appropriate changes, into a new file
with the same name. This is accomplished by doing a LOOKUP of the
old file on one channel and an independent ENTER of the same filename
on a different channel. When the new version of the file is closed,
the old version will be deleted (after all read references to it are
finished). This method requires the whole file, however, to be read
in and written out again even if only a little of the data in the
file is to be changed. The second method allows you to open an
already existing disk file and to change data in it IN PLACE, without
rewriting the whole file. This method of file manipulation is known
as READ-ALTER (RA) mode. When you have a file open in this mode, you
may do (on the same channel) both input and output with the file. To
open a file in this mode, you do a LOOKUP of the file and then an
ENTER of the same file on the same channel. If both the LOOKUP and
the ENTER are successful, then the file will be open in RA mode and
its time/date written will have been updated to the current time and
date. If you give a different filename for the ENTER than you used
with the LOOKUP, the ENTER will fail with an error code of 6 (see
table below). In RA mode, at the moment any data is written out,
that data overwrites whatever was there before. So if the file does
not get closed thereafter, the new data will still have replaced the
old data in the file. Data can be written into selected parts of a
file by use of the random access UUOs USETI, USETO and UGETF (see
Section 2.14). While a file is open in RA mode, anyone attempting
to do either a LOOKUP or an ENTER of that file will get the FILE BUSY
error return (code 3, see below). Also, an attempt to open a file in
RA mode (by doing an ENTER after a successful LOOKUP) will also fail
with the FILE BUSY error return if anyone else is reading or writing
the file.
Disk Error Codes for LOOKUP, ENTER and RENAME
CODE MEANING
0 NO SUCH FILE.
LOOKUP: File specified does not exist.
ENTER: Zero file name given.
RENAME: File LOOKUPed or ENTERed has been deleted.
1 ILLEGAL PPN. PPN specified has no UFD.
2 PROTECTION VIOLATION. File is protected from what you
tried to do.
3 FILE BUSY.
LOOKUP: File is currently open in Read-Alter mode.
ENTER: File is currently being written.
ENTER after LOOKUP: File is currently being read or written.
RENAME: File is currently being read.
4 FILE ALREADY EXISTS. (RENAME only)
RENAME: There is already a file with the new name given.
5 ILLEGAL LOOKUP/ENTER/RENAME SEQUENCE.
LOOKUP: Channel was already open for output (ENTERed).
RENAME: No successful LOOKUP or ENTER has been done yet,
or someone else has a) RENAMEd your CLOSEd file
or b) opened your CLOSEd file in Read-ALter mode.
6 DIFFERENT FILENAME SPECIFIED. (ENTER after LOOKUP only)
ENTER after LOOKUP: The filename does not match that of a
successful LOOKUP already done on this channel
(attempt to open a file in Read-Alter mode).
7 (This error code cannot occur.)
10 BAD RETRIEVAL. Some disk pointers have been garbaged
somewhere. This should not happen.
11 BAD RETRIEVAL. Slightly different version of error 10 above.
12 DISK IS FULL. (ENTER only)
ENTER: There is no more room on the disk.
Note: Errors 10, 11 and 12 will cause a system error message to be
typed out unless GARBIT (bit 28--the 0,,200 bit) is on in the
device's I/O status word (see Section 2.6). If GARBIT is on, the
error return will be taken and the appropriate error code will be
returned. If GARBIT is off, an error message will be typed out and
the program will be stopped. For the DISK IS FULL case, if you then
type CONTINUE, the ENTER will take the error return with the error
code of 12. You cannot CONTINUE after getting bad retrieval with
GARBIT off. (You will get the error message "DISK TRANSMISSION
ERROR" instead of "BAD RETRIEVAL" if the bad retrieval resulted from
an error by the disk itself.)
2.11 Transferring Data
The following UUOs are used to transfer data between your core image
and a device, which must already have been initialized on some
channel (see Section 2.8). If you give one of these UUOs for a
device open in buffered mode with no buffer ring set up, a two-ring
buffer will be set up for you before the normal action of the UUO is
taken (see Section 2.9).
IN [OP=056]
--------------------------------------------------
IN <channel number>,ADR
<success return>
<error return>
The IN UUO causes some data to be read in to your core image from the
device open on the given channel. In buffered mode, at least one
buffer will be filled with input data and the buffer header will be
updated so that the byte pointer and byte count are correct for the
newly filled buffer. In dump mode, ADR is taken to be the address of
a dump mode command list (see Section 2.3), and the UUO will not
return until all the data indicated by the command list has been
transferred. In buffered mode, ADR is ignored.
If any error (including end of file) occurs, then the UUO skips.
Specifically, when the UUO is to return, if any of the error bits
IOBKTL, IODTER, IODERR, IOIMPM or IODEND (see Section 2.6) are on,
the skip return is taken. Otherwise, the direct return (no skip) is
taken.
In dump mode, if end of file occurs before the command list has been
satisfied, then IODEND will come on and the UUO will skip, but there
will be no way of telling how much data, if any, was read in before
end of file occurred. In buffered mode, there is always a byte count
that tells how much data has been read in.
On teletypes and pseudo-teletypes, end of file is indicated by typing
control-Z (↑Z); on Data Disc and III displays, end of file is
indicated by typing CONTROL-META-linefeed.
INPUT [OP=066]
--------------------------------------------------
INPUT <channel number>,ADR
The INPUT UUO does exactly the same thing as the IN UUO except that
no error checking is done and the UUO never skips.
OUT [OP=057]
--------------------------------------------------
OUT <channel number>,ADR
<success return>
<error return>
The OUT UUO causes some data to be written out from your core image
to the device open on the given channel. In buffered mode, the
buffer pointer, byte pointer and byte count in the buffer header are
set up for the next buffer that you may fill and the device is
started up to empty the buffer you just filled. The first OUT UUO
you give in buffered mode, however, does not cause any data to be
written out, only the buffer header to be set up with the buffer
pointer, byte pointer and byte count for the first buffer for you to
fill.
In dump mode ADR is taken as the address of a dump mode command list
(see Section 2.3) that indicates what data are to be written out; the
UUO does not return until the transfer is complete.
In buffered mode, if ADR is non-zero, this UUO does NOT write out
your current buffer but instead switches you to the new buffer ring
pointed to by ADR. (ADR should be the address of the second word of
a buffer in the ring.) Your buffer header and some internal system
data are adjusted so that you will next be filling the first buffer
in the new ring. The buffer ring you are switching to must be
completely set up with the buffer-to-buffer pointers and the buffer
sizes in the second word of each buffer. The purpose of this feature
is to let you switch among several output buffer rings if you so
desire. Note, however, that when you switch rings there is no
provision for forcing data still in buffers in the old ring to be
written out even though the buffers would be forced out by a CLOSE or
RELEAS UUO!
As with the IN UUO, if any of the error bits IOBKTL, IODTER, IODERR,
IOIMPM or IODEND (see Section 2.6) are on at completion of the UUO,
the UUO skips. Otherwise, the direct return (no skip) is taken.
OUTPUT [OP=067]
--------------------------------------------------
OUTPUT <channel number>,ADR
The OUTPUT UUO does exactly the same thing as the OUT UUO except that
no error checking is done and the UUO never skips.
WAIT [OP=047, ADR=10] CALLI 10
--------------------------------------------------
WAIT <channel number>,
The WAIT UUO simply waits for all I/O on the channel indicated by the
AC field to finish. Normally, when a device is open in buffered
mode, the system does I/O with your buffers while your program is
running. This means that only the buffer pointed to by your buffer
header can be expected to be remain untouched by the system. After
giving this UUO, you can expect all of your buffers to be stable and
untouched by the system.
2.12 Terminating I/O
The following two UUOs are used to finish up I/O on a given channel.
The CLOSE UUO essentially undoes the effect of a LOOKUP or ENTER, and
the RELEAS UUO undoes the effect of an INIT or OPEN.
CLOSE [OP=070]
--------------------------------------------------
CLOSE <channel number>,<close-inhibit flags>
(<close-inhibit flags>:
1 (bit 35) inhibits closing output,
2 (bit 34) inhibits closing input.)
The CLOSE UUO is used to terminate I/O on the channel specified by
the AC field of the UUO. The effective address of the instruction
determines whether input or output or both or neither is closed. If
the low order bit (bit 35--the 0,,1 bit) of the effective address is
on, then the closing of output is inhibited. If bit 34 (0,,2 bit) of
the effective address is on, the closing of input is inhibited. The
remaining bits in the effective address are ignored.
The sides (input or output) of the channel that are not to be closed
(i.e., the sides whose close-inhibit bits are on) are left untouched
by this UUO and can be closed later by another CLOSE UUO, by a RELEAS
UUO (see below) or by the EXIT UUO (see page 248). To discard either
side of this channel without closing it (for example, to discard a
new file currently ENTERed on this channel), use the RELEAS UUO with
the corresponding close-inhibit bits on.
On non-directory devices like terminals and paper tape, this UUO
forces out any data still in any output buffers. For magnetic tape,
closing output causes two end-of-file marks to be written on the tape
and causes the drive to backspace over one of them; this means that
there will be one end-of-file mark between each pair of files and two
end-of-file marks after the last file on the tape. The two
consecutive end-of-file marks denote what is called the logical (as
opposed to physical) end of tape.
On the disk and dectape, closing output forces out any data still in
any output buffers and then closes the file; closing input simply
closes the file. After a disk or dectape file is closed, no more
data may be transferred to or from it. However, a file may be
RENAMEd even after it is CLOSEd, unless the file has been deleted or
RENAMEd or opened in Read-Alter mode by someone else after the CLOSE.
RELEAS [OP=071]
--------------------------------------------------
RELEAS <channel number>,<close-inhibit flags>
(<close-inhibit flags>:
1 (bit 35) inhibits closing output,
2 (bit 34) inhibits closing input.)
The RELEAS UUO does a CLOSE of the given channel with the given
<close-inhibit flags> specified by the effective address (see the
CLOSE UUO above) and then frees the channel number. After giving
this UUO, you must do another INIT or OPEN to do any more I/O on this
channel.
To discard either side of this channel without closing it (for
example, to discard a new file currently ENTERed on this channel), do
a RELEAS with the corresponding close-inhibit bits on.
The RESET UUO (see page 250) simulates a RELEAS <channel>,3 for every
channel you have open. The normal EXIT UUO (that is, "EXIT 0,")
simulates a RELEAS <channel>,0 for every channel you have open (see
page 248).
REASSI [OP=047, ADR=21] CALLI 21
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<job number>]
MOVE AC+1,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
REASSI AC,
The REASSI UUO is used to turn over a device you are using to another
job. Accumulator AC should contain the number of the job to whom you
wish to give the device, and accumulator AC+1 should contain the
logical or physical name of the device or the channel on which it is
open. This UUO gives the same results as the following sequence:
1) you release the device with BOTH input and output inhibiting,
2) you deassign the device with the monitor DEASSIGN command, and
3) the job indicated assigns the device with the monitor ASSIGN
command.
If the job number you give is not that of a logged in job, then this
UUO will return with accumulator AC set to zero. If the device is
not assigned to your job, or if the device may not be reassigned at
this time, then the UUO will return with accumulator AC+1 set to zero
(which might be confusing if you specified channel zero in AC+1).
2.13 Saving and Restoring I/O Channels
Because it is sometimes useful to be able to reference more files
than a job can have open on its =16 I/O channels, the following UUOs
have been created to allow a job to save and then later to restore
the state of I/O on one or more channels. A channel is saved by
pushing it onto a special stack for your job called your I/O stack,
which currently can hold at most 23 channels. After an I/O channel's
state has been saved, that channel is completely free to be used for
other I/O without affecting the device open on the saved channel.
The channel state that was saved cannot be referenced by the normal
I/O UUOS (such as LOOKUP, IN, CLOSE, etc.); only the following UUOs
plus EXIT and RESET (which affect all channels, saved or not) can
affect a saved channel's state. Note that the UUOs below are IOT
UUOs which means they cannot be given when the program is in IOT-USER
mode (which is explained in Appendix 1).
IOPUSH [OP=724]
--------------------------------------------------
IOPUSH <channel number>,<ID>
<pdl-overflow return>
The IOPUSH UUO saves the state of the I/O channel specified by the AC
field by pushing it on your I/O stack with the identification given
by the address field of this UUO. Thereafter, that channel number
may be used without affecting the device open on the channel pushed.
The identification <ID> is saved with the channel for use with the
IOPOP and IOPDL UUOs below. If there is no more room on your I/O
stack, the channel is not pushed and the direct (error) return is
taken. If the channel is successfully pushed, the skip return is
taken.
IOPOP [OP=725]
--------------------------------------------------
IOPOP <channel number>,<ID>
<no-such-saved-channel return>
The IOPOP UUO restores the saved state of an I/O channel that was
pushed onto your I/O stack. The channel restored is the closest one
to the top of the stack that was pushed with the identification <ID>.
If the <ID> is zero, then the top channel in the stack is restored.
If no saved channel matching <ID> is found, or if <ID> is zero and
the stack is empty, then the direct (error) return is taken. If the
channel to be restored is found, any device currently open on the
channel number specified is released (as with RELEAS <channel>,0),
the saved channel is restored, its entry is compressed out of the
stack, and the skip return is taken.
IOPDL [OP=726]
--------------------------------------------------
IOPDL <function number>,<ID>
The IOPDL UUO is an extended UUO that uses the AC field to determine
the function to be performed with your I/O stack. The various
functions currently available and their associated numbers are listed
below. Some of these functions may take skip returns; see the
individual writeups below.
IOPDL 0, This function restores each channel saved on
your I/O stack to the channel from which it
was pushed. The channels on the stack are
restored in order from the top down. Any
device open on a channel to which a saved
channel is being restored is released as with
RELEAS <channel>,0.
IOPDL 1, This function releases (as with
RELEAS <channel>,0) all of the channels
currently saved on your I/O stack. Any
channels that are not currently pushed on the
stack are unaffected.
IOPDL 2,<ID> (Skips on success.) This releases (as with
RELEAS <channel>,0) the channel closest to the
top of your I/O stack that has the
identification <ID>. No other channels, on
the stack or not, are affected. If <ID> is
zero, the top channel in the stack is
released. The released channel's entry is
compressed out of the stack. If no saved
channel matching <ID> is found, or if <ID> is
zero and the stack is empty, then the direct
(error) return is taken. Otherwise the
channel found is released and the skip return
is taken.
2.14 Random Access to Files
A disk or dectape file consists of a series of 200 word records.
Often, these records are read (or written) sequentially from the
beginning of the file to the end. But sometimes one wishes to read
or alter only selected parts of a file. Three random access UUOs are
provided to allow the user to do exactly that. To do random access
input or output, you must specify which record you want to reference
next. On the disk, the records of a file are numbered consecutively
from 1 to n, where the file is n records long. (HIDDEN records can
precede logical record 1 of a disk file. The hidden records have
non-positive logical record numbers. See the disk file record offset
feature on page 279.) On dectapes the records of a file are physical
blocks and are numbered differently; for a precise explanation of
dectape files, read Section 13.5.
For each disk file open, the system maintains a pointer to the record
that will be referenced by the next INPUT or OUTPUT UUO. For each
dectape file open, the system maintains two pointers, one for input
and one for output. The following three UUOs set these pointers to
specific values. If you try to set the record pointer for a disk
file to a value less than that of the first physical record in the
file, you get the first physical record instead. If you try to set
it to a record beyond the end of a disk file, you get the first
record after the last record in the file (and IODEND in the device
I/O status word is turned on; see Section 2.6). If you try to set it
to a value greater than the number of the last physical block on a
dectape, IOBKTL will be turned on in the device I/O status word; thus
the error return will be taken with the next IN or OUT UUO.
USETI [OP=074]
--------------------------------------------------
USETI <channel number>,<record number>
The USETI UUO prepares you to read from a file at a specific record.
You must have a file open for input on the channel indicated by the
AC field. The record pointer for the file (input block pointer for
dectape files) is set to the value in the address field of the
instruction and the status of any input buffers is set to unused.
The IODEND bit in the device I/O status word is cleared unless you
have selected a record beyond the end of a disk file.
Note that the record number in a USETI for the disk is taken as a
signed 18-bit number in twos-complement notation; see the record
offset feature on page 279.
USETO [OP=075]
--------------------------------------------------
USETO <channel number>,<record number>
The USETO UUO prepares you for writing into a file at a specific
record. You must have a file open for output on the channel
indicated by the AC field. This UUO forces out the data in any
output buffers that have not yet been written and then sets the
record pointer for the file (output block pointer for dectape files)
to the value in the address field of the instruction. The status of
any output buffers is set to unused.
Note that the record number in a USETO for the disk is taken as a
signed 18-bit number in twos-complement notation; see the record
offset feature on page 279.
UGETF [OP=073]
--------------------------------------------------
UGETF <channel number>,ADR
The UGETF UUO prepares you to extend the file open on the given
channel. It forces out the data in any output buffers that have not
yet been written. Then, for the disk, the record pointer is set to
the number of the record after the last record of the file and IODEND
is turned on. For dectapes, the output block pointer is set to the
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hAeKQke\A%fAiC-K\\~( STATO [OP=061]
--------------------------------------------------
STATO <channel number>,<status bits to be tested>
<return if all indicated bits are off>
<return if any of the indicated bits are on>
The STATO UUO tests bits in the right half of the status word just
like STATZ does but skips if any of the tested bits are on and does
not skip if all of them are off.
CHNSTS [OP=716]
--------------------------------------------------
CHNSTS <channel number>,ADR
The CHNSTS UUO puts the use bits for the I/O channel indicated into
the word located at ADR. Here is a list of the meanings of these
bits.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF 1'S IN CHANNEL
USAGE WORD
18 0,,400000 INITB The channel has been
initialized with an INIT or an
OPEN and a RELEAS has not been
given yet.
19 0,,200000 IBUFB The INIT or OPEN which
initialized this channel
specified an input buffer
header address.
20 0,,100000 OBUFB The INIT or OPEN which
initialized this channel
specified an output buffer
header address.
21 0,,40000 LOOKB A LOOKUP (successful or not)
has been done on this channel.
22 0,,20000 ENTRB An ENTER (successful or not)
has been done on this channel.
23 0,,10000 INPB An INPUT or IN UUO has been
done on this channel.
24 0,,4000 OUTPB An OUTPUT or OUT UUO has been
done on this channel.
25 0,,2000 ICLOSB The input side of this I/O
channel has been closed.
26 0,,1000 OCLOSB The output side of this I/O
channel has been closed.
27 0,,400 INBFB An input buffer ring has been
set up for this channel.
28 0,,200 OUTBFB An output buffer ring has been
set up for this channel.
29 0,,100 SYSDEV The device open on this
channel is SYS, which can only
reference files on the disk
with PPNs of [1,3].
DEVCHR [OP=047, ADR=4] CALLI 4
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
DEVCHR AC,
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--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
DEVUSE AC,
The DEVUSE UUO can be used to find out what job, if any, is using a
device and how many jobs are waiting for that device. The AC should
contain the name (logical or physical) of the device or the channel
number on which it is open. If there is no such device, a zero is
returned in AC. Otherwise, the following information is returned in
AC:
BITS OCTAL VALUE
0 400000,,0 One if some job has the device ASSIGNed
(zero for 'DSK' or 'IMP').
1 200000,,0 One if some job has the device INITed or
OPENed (zero for 'DSK' or 'IMP').
2 100000,,0 One if the device is a TTY attached to a
job.
3 40000,,0 One if the device is a UDP currently
ASSIGNed by your job.
4 20000,,0 One if the device is a UDP currently
INITed or OPENed by your job.
5 10000,,0 One if the device is a UDP currently
ASSIGNed by some other job.
6 4000,,0 One if the device is a UDP currently
INITed or OPENed by some other job.
7 2000,,0 One if the device is a UDP currently
ASSIGNed as PRIVATE or OLD by any job.
12:17 77,,0 Number of the job the device is being
used by, or zero if it is not in use.
If the device has been detached from the
system, then this field will contain
zero but bit 0 (ASSIGNed device) will be
on unless the device is a UDP. If the
device is a UDP detached from the
system, then this field will be zero,
bits 0:6 will be off, and bit 7 (PRIVATE
or OLD) will be on. If the device is a
UDP being used as the swapping device,
then this field will be zero and bits 0
(ASSIGNed), 1 (INITed), 5 (ASSIGNed by
someone else), 6 (INITed by someone
else) and 7 (PRIVATE or OLD) will all be
on. If the device is a UDP assigned as
PUBLIC, then this field will be zero,
bit 0 will be on, and bit 7 (PRIVATE or
OLD) will be off.
18:35 0,,777777 The number of jobs (not including you)
in the queue waiting for the device.
PNAME [OP=047, ADR=400007] CALLI 400007
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
PNAME AC,
<error return for no such device>
The PNAME UUO returns the physical name of the device specified by
the contents of the AC. AC should contain either the device name
(logical or physical) or the number of the channel on which the
device is currently open. If the device exists, the skip return is
taken and the device's physical name is returned in AC. If there is
no such device, the direct (error) return is taken and the AC is
unchanged.
DEVNUM [OP=047, ADR=400104] CALLI 400104
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
DEVNUM AC,
<error return for no such device>
The DEVNUM UUO is used to find out the unit number of a particular
device. AC should contain either the logical or physical name of the
device or the number of the channel on which the device is open. If
there is a device with the name given or open on the channel given,
then its unit number is returned in AC and the skip return is taken.
If there is no such device, the direct (error) return is taken.
The unit number of a device specifies which of several logically
identical devices a specific device is. For instance, the unit
number of TTY41 is 41, the unit number of MTA1 is 1, etc.
TTYIOS [OP=047, ADR=400014] CALLI 400014
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<job number or sixbit device name>]
TTYIOS AC,
The TTYIOS UUO returns the I/O status word of the device indicated by
the contents of the AC. If AC contains a logical or physical device
name, that device's I/O status word is returned. If AC contains a
job number, then the I/O status word of the terminal belonging to
that job is returned; if that job has more than one TTY, then there
is no telling which one's I/O status word will be returned. The I/O
status word is returned in the AC; if there is no such device, -1 is
returned. The meanings of some bits in the device I/O status word
are explained in Section 2.6. Other bits for specific devices are
explained in the device writeups in Section 13.
SECTION 3--TTY INPUT/OUTPUT
The terminal is one of the most important I/O devices for the user.
He controls his programs by typing in various commands, and the
programs type back certain things to keep him informed. This section
explains several UUOs that are provided to make terminal I/O control
flexible but simple. The word TTY is used in this manual to mean a
user terminal of any type, whether display, teletype or
pseudo-teletype.
3.1 TTY Echoing and LF Insertion
The system provides two services to terminals doing input. The first
is that characters typed in are normally sent back to the terminal in
order for the user to see what he has typed. This is called echoing
of input. The second action taken on input is that normally, when
the system receives a carriage return from a TTY line, it inserts a
linefeed after the carriage return. Thus the user does not have to
type a linefeed (hereafter abbreviated LF) after each carriage return
(hereafter abbreviated CR). The LF is put into the terminal's input
buffer just as if the user had typed it; it is also usually echoed to
the terminal.
These actions can be modified by the user to suit his particular
purposes. Echoing can be turned off in two different manners. The
first of these is intended for terminals that always print each
character typed. If the system were to echo characters to this kind
of terminal, each character would appear twice. This method of
turning echoing off causes all echoing to be suppressed except for
echoing of LFs inserted after CRs. Bit 15 (4,,0 bit) in the line
characteristics word (see the GETLIN UUO on page 77) indicates the
state of this type of echo suppression. This bit can be set and
cleared by the monitor commands TTY NO ECHO and TTY ECHO,
respectively.
The second type of echo suppression is designed to be used by
programs that, for whatever reasons, do not want typed-in characters
to appear on the terminal. This method turns off all echoing except
when TTY input is going to the monitor rather than to the program.
(The TTY is said to be in MONITOR MODE when input is going to the
monitor; monitor mode is indicated by bit 9 (the 400,,0 bit) being on
in the TTY's I/O status word.) The state of this type of echo
suppression is indicated by the NOECHO bit (bit 28--the 0,,200 bit)
in the TTY I/O status word (see Section 2.6 and Section 2.15); when
the NOECHO bit is on, echoing is suppressed. This bit can be turned
on or off only by UUO, currently only by the CTLV UUO (see page 94),
by the PTJOBX UUO (with the DOFF and DON functions--see page 114) and
by the INIT and SETSTS UUOs. PTJOBX is the recommended UUO for this
purpose. A RESET (see page 250) clears this bit, thus turning
echoing back on. (A program can also disable just the echoing of the
CONTROL and META bits; see the NOECHB bit in Section 13.2.)
Insertion of linefeeds after carriage returns is affected by three
factors: 1) whether TTY input is going to the monitor or to a user
program, 2) whether the terminal is a pseudo-teletype (see Section
3.5), a display or a teletype, and 3) the value of bit 16 (2,,0
bit) in the TTY line characteristics word (see the GETLIN UUO on page
77). LFs are always inserted after CRs on III and Data Disc
displays. For other TTYs in the normal case, LFs ARE inserted after
CRs. They are NOT inserted if both 1) bit 16 in the line
characteristics word is on and 2) either the terminal is a
pseudo-teletype or input is going to a user program. Note that
pseudo-teletypes (PTYs) are initialized with bit 16 on; thus LFs are
normally NOT inserted after CRs on PTYs. Bit 16 in the
characteristics word can be changed only by UUO, currently only by
the SETLIN UUO (see page 78) and the PTSETL UUO (see page 112).
3.2 Codes Returned for Characters Typed
NOTE: In this manual, the word "CONTROL" (all capitals) is used to
represent the display keyboard key, as in "CONTROL-META-linefeed on a
display." Old style control characters (which cannot be typed on
displays, but only on teletypes) are described by using the word
"control" (lower case), as in "control-Z on a teletype." The word
"control-C" is used to mean both "control-C on a teletype" and "CALL
on a display keyboard∩." Actually, CALL sends two control-C's;
CONTROL-CALL, META-CALL, and CONTROL-META-CALL send one.
When a character is read from a TTY, the 7-bit Stanford ascii code
for that character is returned in bits 29:35 (0,,177 bits) (see the
Stanford ascii character set in Appendix 6); in addition, characters
read from displays are returned with the CONTROL and META keys
represented as bits 28 (0,,200--CONTROL) and 27 (0,,400--META).
Characters typed on teletypes with the old-style control key held
down are normally returned with a code of 100 less than the character
typed; for example, control-M returns a code of 015 ("M" is 115 in
ascii). However, when control-Z is typed on a teletype and read by
any of the UUOs described below, the value returned is 612, which is
the code for CONTROL-META-linefeed from displays. Thus the
end-of-file character always appears as the same code regardless of
the type of terminal on which it was typed. Note that when
characters are being read from a TTY by means of the INPUT or IN UUOs
described in Section 2, only 7 bits are returned for each character
(the CONTROL and META keys on displays are lost), and the EOF
characters (control-Z and CONTROL-META-linefeed) do not appear as
characters at all--they merely set the EOF bit in the TTY I/O status
word.
3.3 TTYUUO
The most important UUO is probably TTYUUO (known some places as
TTCALL). This is an extended UUO with many different functions.
With a couple of exceptions, which are noted, these functions all
operate on the terminal attached to the job giving this UUO.
TTYUUO [OP=051]
--------------------------------------------------
TTYUUO <function number>,ADR
TTYUUO uses the accumulator field of the instruction to determine the
particular function to be executed. Each of these functions is
described separately below.
INCHRW [OP=051, AC=0] TTYUUO 0,
--------------------------------------------------
INCHRW ADR
The INCHRW UUO waits for a character to be typed and then returns the
character right-justified in the word at ADR.
OUTCHR [OP=051, AC=1] TTYUUO 1,
--------------------------------------------------
OUTCHR ADR
ADR: <ascii character>
The OUTCHR UUO types out the single ascii character represented by
the right-most seven bits of the word at ADR.
INCHRS [OP=051, AC=2] TTYUUO 2,
--------------------------------------------------
INCHRS ADR
<return if no character has been typed>
<success return>
The INCHRS UUO looks to see if a character has been typed. Then, if
so, the character is returned in the word at ADR and the skip return
is taken. If no character has been typed, the direct return is taken
and the word at ADR is not changed.
OUTSTR [OP=051, AC=3] TTYUUO 3,
--------------------------------------------------
OUTSTR ADR
ADR: <asciz string>
The OUTSTR UUO types out the ASCIZ string that starts at location
ADR. (An ASCIZ string is terminated by the first null (zero) byte.)
INCHWL [OP=051, AC=4] TTYUUO 4,
--------------------------------------------------
INCHWL ADR
The INCHWL UUO waits until an entire line (ended by carriage return,
linefeed, altmode or a character typed with CONTROL or META on a
display) has been typed and then returns a single character
right-justified in ADR. This is called LINE MODE and should be used
instead of CHARACTER MODE (as in INCHRW) whenever possible. In
character mode you cannot always backspace over mistyped characters
because your program may already have eaten them up; in line mode you
can backup as far as the last activation character.
INCHSL [OP=051, AC=5] TTYUUO 5,
--------------------------------------------------
INCHSL ADR
<return if no entire line has been typed yet>
<success return>
The INCHSL UUO looks to see if an entire line has been typed, and if
so, returns one character right-justified in ADR and takes the skip
return. If an entire line has not yet been typed, the direct return
is taken and ADR is not changed.
GETLIN [OP=051, AC=6] TTYUUO 6,
--------------------------------------------------
GETLIN ADR
The GETLIN UUO can be used to find out what terminal a job is
attached to, if any, and what the characteristics are for any
terminal. If the original contents of ADR are less than zero, then
the characteristics for your own terminal are returned in ADR. If
ADR originally contains the number of a TTY line (a number between
zero and the maximum legal TTY line number), the characteristics of
that terminal are returned in ADR. If ADR originally contains a
number greater than the maximum legal TTY line number, then zero is
returned in ADR.
If a job requests the line characteristics for its own terminal, and
if that job is detached, that is, not attached to any terminal, then
a -1 (all bits on) will be returned as the line characteristics. You
should check for this condition before testing any of the particular
bits or you will be deceived by a detached job.
If the characteristics word is not -1, then the right half contains
the line number of the terminal and the left half contains the
characteristics of the terminal, as explained below.
NOTE: If the terminal is a pseudo-teletype (see Section 3.5)
controlled directly or indirectly (through a chain of
pseudo-teletypes) by a Data Disc or III display, then the Data Disc
bit (bit 4--the 20000,,0 bit) or the III bit (bit 0--the 400000,,0
bit) will be on in the characteristics for the pseudo-teletype.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF 1'S IN TTY LINE
CHARACTERISTICS WORD
0 400000,,0 DISLIN The terminal is a III display.
1 200000,,0 CTYLIN The terminal is the PDP-10
console teletype (CTY).
2 100000,,0 TTYFIL Carriage returns are made into
multiple carriage returns in
order to allow the teletype
carriage to reach the left
margin before the next
character reaches the
teletype. This bit can be set
and cleared with the monitor
commands TTY FILL and
TTY NO FILL, respectively, and
with the SETLIN and PTSETL
UUOs (see below and page 112).
Data Disc and III displays are
not affected by this bit.
3 40000,,0 LERSEE A PTLOAD UUO will cause all
characters typed (including
line editor commands) during
re-editing of the line to be
placed into the TTY input
buffer followed by a character
code of 400 and then followed
by characters from the
re-edited line. See the
PTLOAD UUO on page 113. This
bit can be set and cleared
with the SETLIN and PTSETL
UUOs and is cleared by a
RESET.
4 20000,,0 DDDLIN The terminal is a Data Disc
display.
5 10000,,0 ECHARR Characters with codes 001 to
006, 010, and 016 to 037 will
be echoed and output as an
up-arrow (↑) followed by the
character represented by the
code with the 100 bit turned
on. E.g., character code 32
will be echoed as "↑Z" (Z is
code 132). This bit can be
set and cleared with the
monitor commands TTY ARROW and
TTY NO ARROW, respectively,
and with the SETLIN and PTSETL
UUOs. This bit is initially
on for TTYs 0 through 11.
Data Disc and III displays are
not affected by this bit.
6 4000,,0 PTYLIN The terminal is a
pseudo-teletype (see Section
3.5).
7 2000,,0 IMLIN The terminal is an IMLAC.
8 1000,,0 IMPBIT The terminal is a
pseudo-teletype and is
controlled by a job connected
to the IMP. This means the
PTY's job is being run through
the ARPA network. This bit
can be set with the SETLIN and
PTSETL UUOs, but once set, it
cannot be cleared.
9 400,,0 PTYWAK Pseudo-teletype input wait
will be terminated by TTY
input also if this bit is set
in the TTY's line
characteristics word (see the
PTRD1W UUO on page 105). This
bit can be set and cleared
with the SETLIN and PTSETL
UUOs.
10 200,,0 PTYUSE This line is a PTY in use by
some job. This bit prevents
the PTY's DDB from being
killed after a monitor command
is carried out if there is no
job logged in on this line.
11 100,,0 SPCBRK The terminal is in special
activation mode. This means
that line mode input will be
activated by the characters
whose bits are 1's in the
special activation table.
This bit can be set and
cleared with the SETLIN and
PTSETL UUOs. A RESET (see
page 250) clears this bit, as
well as resetting your special
activation table to the
standard special activation
table. See the SETACT UUO on
page 84.
12 40,,0 ROBTPD The last character typed was a
rubout, and a backslash will
be typed out when a character
that is not a rubout is typed.
13 20,,0 FCS The terminal is in
full-character-set mode. When
this bit is off, lower case
letters are automatically
changed to upper case. This
bit can be set and cleared
with the monitor commands
TTY FULL and TTY NO FULL,
respectively, and with the
SETLIN and PTSETL UUOs. On
displays this bit can be set
by [ESC] F and cleared by
[BRK] F.
14 10,,0 TBXPND The terminal is assumed not to
have a hardware tabbing
mechanism. When this bit is
on, tabs get converted into
the appropriate number of
spaces. This bit can be
cleared and set by the monitor
commands TTY TAB and
TTY NO TAB, respectively, and
with the SETLIN and PTSETL
UUOs. Data Disc and III
displays and non-network PTYs
are not affected by this bit.
15 4,,0 FULTWX Echoing of input characters is
inhibited except for linefeeds
inserted by the system after
carriage returns. This
inhibition is provided
primarily to avoid double
echoing on terminals that
always print each character
typed. See Section 3.1. This
bit can be set and cleared by
the monitor commands TTY ECHO
and TTY NO ECHO, respectively,
and with the SETLIN and PTSETL
UUOs. Data Disc and III
displays are not affected by
this bit.
16 2,,0 XON Linefeeds will not be inserted
after carriage returns, except
in monitor mode. This bit
always determines whether
linefeeds are to be inserted
after carriage returns on a
pseudo-teletype (PTY),
regardless of whether the PTY
is in monitor mode. See
Section 3.1. On Data Disc and
III displays, this bit does
not inhibit insertion of LFs;
it merely inhibits echoing of
inserted LFs. This bit can be
set and cleared with the
SETLIN and PTSETL UUOs. A
RESET (see page 250) clears
this bit except on PTYs.
17 1,,0 TLKRNG This line is in a talk ring.
The number of the next TTY in
the ring will be found in bits
11:17 (177,,0 bits) of this
line's TTYTAB entry (see the
explanation of TTYTAB entries
on page 365).
SETLIN [OP=051, AC=7] TTYUUO 7,
--------------------------------------------------
SETLIN ADR
ADR: <line characteristics bits which you want on>
The SETLIN UUO sets the line characteristics for the TTY attached to
your job from the word at ADR. In the line characteristics word,
only bits 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (151536,,0 bits) can
be changed by the user. Bit 8 (1000,,0 bit--IMPBIT) can be set but
cannot be cleared. Other bits in the word at ADR+1 are ignored. See
the GETLIN UUO above for the meanings of the various bits in the line
characteristics word.
RESCAN [OP=051, AC=10] TTYUUO 10,
--------------------------------------------------
RESCAN ADR ; ADR is ignored if it is zero
ADR: <word for returned character count>
The RESCAN UUO attempts to back up your TTY input buffer pointer to
the beginning of the previous monitor command typed in. By using
this UUO, a program started up by a monitor command can re-read the
command line that started it. In fact, this UUO can be given over
and over to read the command line several times. If this UUO is
given with a non-zero effective address, then the number of
characters over which the pointer is backed up is returned in the
word pointed to by the effective address.
WARNING: If more than a buffer full of characters have been typed
since the beginning of the last monitor command, then the characters
you get after giving this UUO will NOT be from the command. The
pointer into the buffer will simply have been set to the value it had
at the beginning of the command; the command itself may have been
overwritten by other text typed in more recently, in which case you
will be reading garbage after giving this UUO.
CLRBFI [OP=051, AC=11] TTYUUO 11,
--------------------------------------------------
CLRBFI
The CLRBFI UUO clears your TTY input buffer. This is used mainly to
throw away any characters the user has typed ahead when a fatal error
occurs.
CLRBFO [OP=051, AC=12] TTYUUO 12,
--------------------------------------------------
CLRBFO
The CLRBFO UUO clears your TTY output buffer.
INSKIP [OP=051, AC=13] TTYUUO 13,
--------------------------------------------------
INSKIP <flag>
<return if no characters have been typed>
<success return>
The INSKIP UUO tells you if the user has typed anything which you
have not yet read. If the low order bit of the address field <flag>
is on, then this UUO checks for a whole line having been typed;
otherwise it checks for anything having been typed. If something has
been typed, then this UUO skips; if not, the direct return is taken.
INWAIT [OP=051, AC=14] TTYUUO 14,
--------------------------------------------------
INWAIT ADR
The INWAIT UUO just waits until a full line has been typed in. Then
if the address ADR is non-zero, the number of characters in the last
line re-edited (III and Data Disc terminals only) with a CONTROL-CR
or with a PTLOAD UUO (see page 113) is returned in the word at ADR.
In other words, if you give a PTLOAD UUO and then do an INWAIT ADR,
you will get in location ADR the number of characters in the
re-edited line. If you are not at a III or Data Disc display, or if
you did not re-edit a line somehow, the number placed in ADR will be
meaningless. See also the PTLOAD UUO on page 113 for the special
effects of an INWAIT following a PTLOAD when bit 3 (the 40000,,0 bit)
is on in the line characteristics word.
SETACT [OP=051, AC=15] TTYUUO 15,
--------------------------------------------------
SETACT [OLD,,NEW]
OLD: <4 word block to receive the current activation table>
NEW: <4 word block to provide a new activation table>
The SETACT UUO is used to retrieve and/or change the activation table
used in special activation mode and some special bits which apply
whether or not the TTY is in special activation mode. An activation
table consists of 4 words, with one bit for each of the =128 possible
7-bit characters. The first three words plus the =20 high-order bits
of the fourth word (total of =128 bits) specify which characters are
activation characters when the TTY is in special activation mode (bit
0 of first word represents ascii 0, bit 1 represents ascii 1, etc.).
The activation characters are defined to be those characters whose
bits are 1 in the activation table. Some of the remaining low-order
bits of the fourth word have special meanings which are given below.
Note that these bits are in effect regardless of the TTY's
special-activation-mode status.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF 1'S AT END OF
FOURTH WORD
35 0,,1 SUPBTS Suppress activation on
characters with CONTROL and/or
META bits except for those
characters that would activate
without either of these bits.
See also bit 33 below.
34 0,,2 SUPCCR Disable
CONTROL-carriage-return from
giving back the last line
typed. This bit is ignored
when the TTY is in monitor
mode.
33 0,,4 SUPSCM Always activate on characters
that have both CONTROL and
META on, regardless of setting
of bit 35 above.
This UUO takes the current activation table (including extra bits
listed above) and places it in the four words at OLD, then sets up
the new activation table (including extra bits listed above) from the
four words at NEW. If either address OLD or NEW is zero, the
corresponding function of this UUO is omitted. Thus if OLD is zero,
the old activation table is not returned, and if NEW is zero, the
(old) activation table is not changed.
Your special activation table is initialized by the system so that
all characters except letters and digits cause activation (when you
are in special activation mode). The precise value of the initial
special activation table (including extra bits at the end) is shown
below.
777777,,777777 ;Activate on octal 0:43
777700,,037600 ;Activate on octal 44:57 or 72:100
000000,,374000 ;Activate on octal 133:140
000007,,600000 ;Activate on octal 173:177
Your special activation table (incluing extra bits at the end) is
also restored to the above values by a RESET UUO (see page 250).
TTREAD [OP=051, AC=16] TTYUUO 16,
--------------------------------------------------
TTREAD ADR
ADR: <line number--data returned here>
The TTREAD UUO allows you to read the microswitch keyboard bits of
any display's keyboard. The effective address in this instruction
specifies a location which should contain the TTY line number of the
keyboard you wish to read. If the line number specified is illegal,
then your line number is used. Then if the line is not on the
keyboard scanner (that is, if the line is not a III or Data Disc
display line), then this UUO is a no-op.
The keyboard bits are returned in the right half of ADR. The line
number minus 20 is returned in the left half of ADR. The tables
below give the correspondence between the keys depressed and the
returned data.
BITS OCTAL DESCRIPTION
0:11 777700,,0 These bits are unused and returned as
zero.
12:17 77,,0 The TTY line number minus 20 appears
here.
18:21 0,,740000 These bits are unused and returned as
zero.
22,26:29 0,,21700 These bits are on when there
are no keys depressed. They are
explained individually below.
22 0,,20000 This is the SPW bit and should always be
on in returned value.
23 0,,10000 This is the STR bit and is on whenever
exactly one character key is depressed.
All the keys are character keys except
META, CONTROL, TOP, SHIFT, and SHIFT
LOCK.
24:25 0,,6000 These bits are unused but may be on.
26 0,,1000 This bit is turned off by depressing
META.
27 0,,400 This bit is turned off by depressing
CONTROL.
28 0,,200 This bit is turned off by depressing
TOP.
29 0,,100 This bit is turned off by depressing
SHIFT or SHIFT LOCK.
30:35 0,,77 These bits hold the value that results
from ORing together the codes for all of
the character key(s) being depressed.
See the table below for correspondences
between keys and their 6-bit codes. The
notation "---" means no key generates
the indicated code.
MICROSWITCH KEYBOARD CHARACTER CODES
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
00 --- a b c d e f g
10 h i j k l m n o
20 p q r s t u v w
30 x y z CR \ LF --- ---
40 SPC BRK ESC CAL CLR TAB FF VT
50 ( ) * + , - . /
60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
70 8 9 : ; BS ALT --- ---
OUTFIV [OP=051, AC=17] TTYUUO 17,
--------------------------------------------------
OUTFIV ADR
ADR: <five-character ASCII string>
The OUTFIV UUO is designed for sending special commands to IMLACs.
The effective address should point to a word containing a
five-character ASCII string. Characters from the string are sent to
the terminal until either a null byte is encountered or the fifth
character in the string has been sent. If the low order bit (bit
35--the 0,,1 bit) of the ASCII word is on, a 177 character will be
appended to the front of the string sent to the terminal.
The special feature of this UUO is that it insures that the
characters (including the 177) will be sent to the terminal without
any intervening characters. This prevents commands sent to IMLACs
from getting mixed up with normal typeout.
3.4 Miscellaneous TTY UUOs
TTYMES [OP=047, ADR=400047] CALLI 400047
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
TTYMES AC,
<error return>
ADR: <number or physical name of destination tty>
<byte pointer for message but with byte count in bits 6:17>
MESS: ASCII /...message.../
The TTYMES UUO can be used to type out an ASCII string on any
terminal. Unlike the OUTSTR UUO, TTYMES allows the message to start
in any byte of a word. The end of the message is indicated by a null
(zero) byte or by exhaustion of an explicit character count.
Upon call, AC should contain the address of a two-word block. The
first word of this block should contain either the name (physical or
logical) of the destination terminal (e.g., SIXBIT /TTY21/) or the
number of the destination terminal (e.g., 21). The second word of
the block should contain a byte pointer for the ASCII message except
that bits 6:17 (7777,,0) should contain either zero or a byte count.
The first character of the message is found by doing an ILDB on the
byte pointer, so the position field (bits 0:5--770000,,0 bits) of the
byte pointer should indicate the byte before the first character in
the message. If the position field of the byte pointer contains
zero, then 44 is assumed for this field so that the first byte of the
message will be the high-order byte of the word addressed by the
right half of the byte pointer word.
Characters are sent to the destination until either the character
count runs out or a null (zero) byte is encountered in the message.
If the count field contains zero, then characters are sent until a
null byte in encountered. Thus, if you don't wish to calculate the
length of your message, you can use a zero count and a null byte at
the end of the message (i.e., use an ASCIZ string).
If you are outputting a message to your own terminal, this UUO will
wait until it has sent the message successfully and then will take
the skip (success) return. If the word at ADR does not specify a
legal TTY, or if not all of the message can be sent right now (for
instance, if the TTY's output is being held), then the direct (error)
return will be taken. If all of the message is successfully sent,
then the skip (success) return is taken. Note that if this UUO
fails, there is no indication of how much, if any, of the message was
actually sent. See the NULMES UUO below for the ability to recover
from such failures.
(The TTYMES UUO and the NULMES UUO work by putting characters from
the string into the output buffer of the destination TTY. If the
output buffer fills up, the UUO waits a little and tries to continue.
If the output buffer is still full after a certain time, the UUO
gives up and takes the error return.)
NULMES [OP=047, ADR=400114] CALLI 400114
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
NULMES AC,
<error return>
ADR: <number or physical name of destination tty>
<byte pointer for message but with byte count in bits 6:17>
MESS: ASCII /...message.../
The NULMES UUO, like the TTYMES UUO above, allows a job to type out
an ASCII string on any terminal. However, unlike the TTYMES UUO, the
NULMES UUO does not interpret a null (zero) byte in the message as
terminating the message, and upon failure the NULMES UUO gives an
indication of what happened or how much of the message got sent.
Upon call, AC should contain the address of a two-word block, which
is interpreted just as in the TTYMES UUO above except that the count
field (bits 6:17--7777,,0 bits) in the word at ADR+1 must be non-zero
and always specifies the number of bytes in the ASCII message. Null
bytes do not terminate the message--they are ignored although
included in the byte count.
If the word at ADR does not specify a legal TTY, or if no DDB can be
gotten for the TTY indicated, the direct (error) return will be taken
and AC will contain zero. If the TTY is legal but not all of the
message could be sent, then the direct (error) return will be taken
and AC will contain the number of characters in the message that were
not sent. Thus the user can recover from a temporary jam in the
destination TTY's output buffer. If the message is successfully sent
in its entirety, then the skip (success) return is taken.
SNEAKW [OP=047, ADR=400063] CALLI 400063
--------------------------------------------------
SNEAKW AC,
SNEAKS [OP=047, ADR=400064] CALLI 400064
--------------------------------------------------
SNEAKS AC,
<return if no char is waiting for you>
<success return>
The SNEAKW and SNEAKS UUOs look to see if any characters have been
typed that have not yet been read. If there is such a character, it
is returned in the AC. SNEAKW always returns a character, after
waiting until there is one if necessary. SNEAKS never waits; if
there is a character present, it is returned and the skip return is
taken. Otherwise, SNEAKS does not change the AC and takes the direct
return.
Note that SNEAKW does not wait for a whole line to be typed, only one
character. Also, neither of these UUOs actually reads in a
character.
ACTCHR [OP=047, ADR=400105] CALLI 400105
--------------------------------------------------
ACTCHR AC,
The ACTCHR UUO (III and Data Disc displays only) waits for a line to
be typed and then returns in AC the character (including CONTROL
and/or META bits typed) that activated the last line re-edited with a
CONTROL-CR or with a PTLOAD UUO (see page 113).
If you are not on a III or Data Disc display, this UUO returns 0
without waiting for a line to be typed.
TTYSKP [OP=047, ADR=400116] CALLI 400116
--------------------------------------------------
TTYSKP <channel>,
<no-TTY-input-ready return>
The TTYSKP UUO can be used to find out if there is TTY input ready to
be read from a particular I/O channel. The AC field of this UUO
specifies the channel whose input you wish to test. If the device
open on that channel is a TTY, and if an INPUT UUO given now would
return immediately, then this UUO takes the skip return. If the
device open on this channel is not a TTY, or if it is a TTY but an
INPUT would not return immediately, then the direct return is taken.
If there is no device open on the specified channel, then the program
will be stopped with the system error message "IO TO UNASSIGNED
CHANNEL."
TTYJOB [OP=047, ADR=400113] CALLI 400113
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<TTY line number> or -<PTY line number>]
TTYJOB AC,
The TTYJOB UUO is used to find out the number of the job owning or
controlling a particular TTY. If AC contains a legal TTY number, the
job number of that TTY's owner is returned in AC, with the sign bit
on if the TTY is not the owner job's attached terminal (that is, the
sign bit is on if the TTY belongs to that job only because the job
has the TTY assigned or INITed). If AC contains the negative of a
legal PTY number, then the number of that PTY's controlling job will
be returned in AC. If AC contains an illegal argument, then zero is
returned in AC.
CTLV [OP=047, ADR=400001] CALLI 400001
--------------------------------------------------
CTLV
The CTLV UUO inverts the state of program-controllable echoing of TTY
input by the system. Normally every character you type is sent back
to your terminal by the system so that you can see what you have
typed. If you give this UUO when echoing is turned on (normal
state), echoing will cease; and if you give this UUO when echoing is
turned off, echoing will resume. The state of this type of echoing
is determined by the value the NOECHO bit (bit 28--the 0,,200 bit) in
the TTY I/O status word; this bit is inverted by the CTLV UUO. When
the terminal is in monitor mode, the NOECHO bit is ignored. See
Section 3.1.
A better way to control this type of echoing is to use the DOFF and
DON functions of the PTJOBX UUO (see page 114). Those functions set
the state of this type of echoing explicitly rather than just
inverting it as CTLV does.
GETLN [OP=047, ADR=34] CALLI 34
--------------------------------------------------
GETLN AC,
The GETLN UUO is used to find out the physical name of the terminal
attached to your job. The name (in sixbit) is returned in AC. If
the job is detached, zero is returned.
3.5 Pseudo-Teletypes
The pseudo-teletype (PTY) is a special system concept designed to
allow users to have control of more than one job at a time. A PTY is
like a physical terminal in almost all respects. However, a PTY is
controlled by the job which created it, and no other job can access
it. To TYPE CHARACTERS ON A PTY, the controlling job does character
output to the PTY; and to SEE THE CHARACTERS TYPED OUT ON A PTY, a
job does character input from the PTY. If you send a new PTY the
character "L" followed by a carriage return and linefeed, a job will
begin logging in on the PTY. You can run programs and communicate
with the monitor through a PTY just as you can through a physical
terminal, but PTYs are controlled by program rather than by keyboard.
Thus, a single job (attached to a terminal or even detached) can
control one or more PTYs and hence one or more other jobs, which
themselves can control other PTYs.
Just as each physical terminal has a unique line number, so does each
PTY. Currently the line numbers assigned to PTYs begin with 121 and
go upward. The PTYs have physical device names, just like other
terminals; for example, the physical name of the PTY on line 121 is
SIXBIT /TTY121/. There is a maximum number of PTYs that the system
can support at any one time and this maximum is currently 24.
PTYs have line characteristics just as other terminals do (see the
GETLIN UUO on page 77). When a PTY is initialized (with the PTYGET
UUO), it is set up with the following bits (4222,,0 bits) on in the
characteristics word: 6--PTYLIN, 10--PTYUSE, 13--FCS
(full-character-set mode), and 16--XON (linefeeds are not inserted
after carriage returns). You can of course change certain bits in
the characteristics word to suit your purposes. This can be done for
a PTY with the PTSETL UUO (see page 112) just as SETLIN (see page 78)
does it for other terminals.
When you output characters to a PTY, those characters will be echoed
by the monitor as usual and will thus appear in subsequent inputs
that you do from the PTY. You can turn off the automatic echoing by
the usual means for doing so with terminals; namely, you can turn on
bit 15 in the PTY's line characteristics, (this inhibits echoing so
that only linefeeds inserted after carriage returns get echoed), or
you can have the job that is running on the PTY do a CTLV UUO (see
page 94), which eliminates all echoing except while the PTY is in
monitor mode. You can get the same effect as doing a CTLV (to turn
echoing off) but more easily by using the PTJOBX UUO with the control
function DOFF. This will always turn echoing off, whereas CTLV
inverts the state of echoing, turning it off when it is on and on
when it is off. The control function DON for PTJOBX can be used to
turn echoing back on. The PTJOBX UUO is explained on page 114.
PTYUUO
The UUO that is used to communicate with PTYs is PTYUUO, which has
many different functions that it can perform, including reading from
and writing on a PTY.
PTYUUO [OP=711]
--------------------------------------------------
PTYUUO <function number>,ADR
ADR: <PTY's line number>
<other data depending on the function>
PTYUUO is an extended UUO that uses the AC field to determine which
of many possible pseudo-teletype functions is to be executed. Each
of these functions (which are described in detail below) expects a
two word block to be pointed to by the address field of the
instruction. The right half of the first word of this block should
contain the line number of the pseudo-teletype for which the UUO is
intended (except with PTYGET which returns this line number). The
second word is a data word that is used or returned by the UUO.
Doing PTYUUOs to TTYs
It is sometimes useful for a program to be able to type things into
its own TTY input buffer just as if the user had typed them. This
can be done with PTYUUO by specifying a PTY line number of zero in
the word at ADR. When this word is zero, the PTY function is
executed with your attacked TTY. Thus, if you do output to a PTY
with a line number of zero, the characters will go to your terminal's
input buffer (into your line editor if you are on a III or Data Disc
display) just as if you had typed them.
If bit 18 (the 0,,400000 bit) of the word at ADR is on for a PTYUUO,
the number in the remaining bits of the right half is interpreted as
the line number of a TTY and the PTY function is carried out for that
TTY. However, if you do not own the TTY, you must have the MES
privilege to do anything with it.
Any attempt to do input (PTRD1S, PTRD1W or PTRDS UUOs) from a
physical terminal's output buffer with either of the above two
methods will not work; you will get the system error message ILLEGAL
UUO and your program will be stopped.
Now here are the individual PTYUUO functions.
PTYGET [OP=711, AC=0] PTYUUO 0,
--------------------------------------------------
PTYGET ADR
<return if no PTYs available>
<success return>
ADR: <PTY's line number and characteristics are returned here>
The PTYGET UUO gets you a pseudo-teletype and places its line
characteristics word (see the GETLIN UUO on page 77) in the location
pointed to by the effective address of the instruction (i.e., ADR).
This means that the PTY's line number will appear in the right half
of ADR and its characteristics will appear in the left half.
If a PTY is available, this UUO skips and the PTY is assigned to you.
If there are none available, the direct return is taken and you get
no PTY.
PTYREL [OP=711, AC=1] PTYUUO 1,
--------------------------------------------------
PTYREL ADR
ADR: <line number of PTY to be released>
The PTYREL UUO releases the pseudo-teletype whose line number is in
the right half of ADR. The job running on that PTY is killed, and
any PTYs it may have acquired are released.
The RESET UUO (see page 250) releases all pseudo-teletypes you own.
PTIFRE [OP=711, AC=2] PTYUUO 2,
--------------------------------------------------
PTIFRE ADR
ADR: <PTY's line number>
<count of free bytes is returned here>
The PTIFRE UUO returns to you in ADR+1 the number of free bytes left
in the input buffer of the PTY whose line number is in ADR. This is
the number of characters you may send to that PTY before its input
buffer is full. If you use a PTY output UUO that waits, and if you
send more that this many characters, you will have to wait until the
program running on the PTY reads some characters and makes room for
your output.
PTOCNT [OP=711, AC=3] PTYUUO 3,
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t_Y(∧∞<y9∧∞7FE≤eturn the ASCIZ string, with the byte pointer incremented before the
first character is deposited. (Before the byte pointer is used, the
size field is set up for 7-bit bytes and the index and indirect
fields are cleared.) If bits 6:17 of ADR+1 are zero, the ASCIZ
string is returned such that the first byte is in the high-order 7
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∪4@AMieS]≤XAEkPABAgQeS]N↓←L@@d[ESh↓GQCe¬GiKeL~∃iKI[S]CQKHAEdABAu∃e↑@Q9kYXR↓GQCe¬GiKd8@A)Q∀Aio↑↓QSOP↓←eIKH@AESQf@Ph@`~∃C9H@d`@AESiLRAS\↓KCGPr[ESPAGQCICGiKHAeKaIKgK]PAiQJ↓≠ )αAC]H↓π∨≥)I∨_~∃-KsfX↓eKga∃GiSm∃YrXA]QSGP↓ CiBA Sg AC]H↓∪∪∩A⊃SgaY¬r@AW∃sE←CIIfAQ¬mJ\~)βfAo%iPA!Q/%&n0Aβ $,b@AG¬\AG←9iCS\↓KSiQ∃dABAMS[aY∀@AQC1L[o←IHAa←%]iKd4∃i↑AQQJAgQeS]N↓←d@A∧AEsi∀Aa←S9iKdAQ↑@AE∀AS]GIK[K]QKHAi<AOKhAiQJ↓MSegP~∃GQ¬eCGi∃d\~∀4∃)QSLA++≡↓Sf@A%[a←eQC]hA KGCkMJA←GQCXAG=IJ@@@`f@P A←d@↓G←]iI←X[ε$AI←KL~∃]←P@A[K¬\AG←9ie←X5ε@AS_As←jACeJ↓gK]I%]N@A%hAi↑ABA∪%∩@A←H@A CQBA SMF~∃I%gaYCd\@A)!JAG←⊃JAeKAeKgK9iS]N↓G←]iI←X[ε↓S\Ai!ChAG¬gJASL@@l`@XAoQ%GP~∃QCWKfrAESQfAi↑↓eKae∃gK]h8@@A)!JAG←⊃J@l`@Ao←e-fACf↓G←]iI←X[εAM←d↓CYX~)!)3f0Ag↑A%hAGC8@ACY]CsfA JAgK9hAS]MiKCH↓←L@@@`fAi<Agi←@AB@A)←D\@↓≥←iJ4∃iQCP@As←T@A[kMh@Ag∃]H@AQ/≡@@X`af@Qio↑AG←]Qe←X[ OfR@↓i↑@AMi←`@↓BAU←λ~∃S[5KISCQKYr\Aβ]←QQKdA5KiQ←⊂AM←d↓gi←aAS]NA∧A!)2↓SfAi<AkgJAiQJ↓!)∃∨ 0~∃+U≡AoSQPAiQ∀A⊃β→PAG←]Qe←XA→k]Gi%←\vAMKJAa¬OJ@bDh\~∀→!)∂∃)_@@@@@@@A7∨@znbb0AβεzDg:@AA)3++<@bfX4∀ZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4Z~∀@@@@@A!)∂∃)_Aβ⊃$~∀~)β $t@@@yA)2Of↓YS]J↓]k[E∃d|~∀@@@@@@y!Q2OfA1S]JA
QCeC
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QCeC
iKeSMiSGf↓M←d@↓iQJAA)2~∃]Q←gJ↓YS]J↓]k[E∃dASf↓S\Aβ⊃$\@AQQJA[∃C]S]≤A←LAQQJAY%]JAG!CeCGQKeSgQSGf~)o←eH↓SfAKaaYCS9KHAk9IKdAQQJA∂∃)→∪≤↓++≡A=\AaC≥J@nn8~∀~∃9∨)
tA∪L@↓B@AaMKkI↑5iKYKQsaJA%f@AG=]ie←1YKH@↓ISeK
iYr@↓←dAS9ISeK
iYr~(QiQe=kOPA∧AGQC%\A←L↓agKk⊃↑[iK1Kisa∃fRAEdABA ¬iBA %gFA←H@A∪∪$AISgAYCrX4∃iQK8AiQJ↓ CiBA Sg AEShQESh@hZ[QQJ@d@XX`A ShR@↓←dAi!JA∪∪$@AESP@QESP~∀`Z5iQJ@P````@XX`A ShRA]SYXA JA←\↓S\Ai!JAGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%GfAo=eH@A→←dAi!J~∃aMKkI↑5iKYKQsaJ\4∀ PTSETL [OP=711, AC=14] PTYUUO 14,
--------------------------------------------------
PTSETL ADR
ADR: <PTY'pε↓YS]J↓]k[E∃d|~∀@@@@@@y]∃nAYS9JAGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%GfAI∃gSeK⊂|~∀~(~∃)Q∀A!)'∃)_A+U≡AgKQfAiQ∀@AYS9JAGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%GfAM=dAiQ∀A!)2AoQ←MJAYS9J~∃]U[EKd↓SfAS8Aβ $↓Me←Z↓iQJA]←eHA¬hAβ HVb\@↓∪\Ai!JAYS9JAGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%Gf~∃]←eHX↓←]Yr↓ESifdX@f0@jX@`X@rXbbX@DfX@bPX@bj↓C]H@Dl@PbTbjfl0X`AE%ifR~)GC\A JAGQ¬]OKH↓ErAi!J@AkMKd\@↓¬Sh@`@Pb`@`XX`↓EShZ5∪≠!¬%(RAG¬\@AE∀AgKh4∃Ekh↓GC]]=hAEJ↓GYKCIKH\@↓∨iQKHAESiLAS\AQQJAo=eHACPAβ $,b@ACIJASO9←eKH8~∃'K∀AiQJ↓∂ )→%≤A++<A←\AACOJ@\nAM←HAiQJ↓[KC]%]OfA=LAiQ∀AmCe%←kfA SifA%\~∃i!JAYS9JAGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%GfAo=eH\~(→!)→=βλ@@@@@@@A7∨@znbb0AβεzDk:@AA)3++<@bjX4∀ZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4Z~∀@@@@@A!)→=βλAβ⊃$~∀~)β $t@@@yA)2O`~β3';*β;W7⊗+I57o+OQβ⊗)β¬β&KOC3∂Ix4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓sπ&#K↔O~β?Iβ↔KS∃βε{';S/⊃β≠?∩βOSKNs≥x4Ph(4*&C∃αB$b>ε⊃¬*V=↓εc?π∪~β¬β∪O≠C3πJ;Mβ3Ns∃↓β.#'S?∩β←'SBβS#∃ααεN∞LIβOS⊗K;≤4W≠C↔∂N3'↔⊃αβ e↓π##∃β>{K⊃↓ε Q↓α "I-Er↓α'→αβS#∃αβ3↔≠"β#π32↓β?→ααε∩I[ β'LhS;?9oS↔K=bβS#↔rαε∩I[ β'Mε OOWn+⊃↓β&yβ ∃ε β g&)βC?NsS↔Iπ#=↓β&C∃βO'∪';≥Xh+∂#∂∪π∂S/∪Mβπ⊗)↓βCN≠/↔⊃π+A↓β7∪?5β&C∃↓β∨#K';:β←'SB↓α&2$∪M1β≡y↓βSF)β g&(4+C}K;S↔∩βO#?.c⊃βC}K;Qβ&yβS#*β gS*β+WO"β ↔≠␈∪∃βSF)βOS⊗K;≥9ααS#∃αβ↔;⊃ε{_4+&C∃↓β∨#K';:↓β'Mε#↔≠'v+⊃↓β↔I↓βSF)β≠'↔≠Q↓β}≠∂WK⊗+;∂∃αβ?→β
↓β;Wfa↓β?∩βπ84V ∂S'6 S'?rβ∂#π⊗ ∂S↔∩q↓αSF)βπ∂&K[πSN{9↓β≡CπKπ∨#↔I1εK→βπwI1β'~↓β3↔7!β?8hSS#∃ε+;⊃β}1βS#*βOSKNs≥β'rβS#∃εc';∃ε+∪'S␈⊃mβSOβ';≥ε≠πKKN ∨∃β⊗+SWKrβ←'3`h+O'oβ3e↓ε ∂S'6 S∃↓π##∃↓εc';∃αβWA↓π#=↓β∞s⊃↓βNs∂3W&K;≥↓αβπ;eαβπ∂SO3πS'}p4+∂F Kπ∂&+Hαr∧ f␈&T∞FF∂D
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%hould contain either the index or the sixbit name
of the control function desired. The currently available contp¬=X~∃MU]GiS=]fACIJAYSMiKHA¬E←mJ↓oSiP↓iQKSHA]C[∃fAC]⊂AS]I%GKf\4∀~∃)!JA⊃β1(@AMU]GiS=\AiC-KfAi!J@Ag-S`Ae∃ike\↓←\@AMkGGKMfAC]⊂@AiQ∀AISe∃Gh~∀!Kee←HRAeKQke\A%LAiQ∃dβ∃βO→β;=εS? βf{∨∨↔"β'9β}qβS#*αBRer↓α'→αβg?U∧Bε2PhS¬β+}⊃βS#O→β←πJaβ'S~αRReαβ'Mβf+≠QβNqβWO/⊃β7?&)βπ;"β∂?7n ;∪Mαβ∂π;v{Qβ (h+Sgε+⊃↓β.KS#↔∩↓βS=αβS#∃αβ7?;O#?I↓ε{I↓β&y↓βSF)↓β+}⊃↓β?r↓βS#∂!↓αR%ImβS>x4+∂}sSK?bj
∨MαC?∂S∞aβ∂?&)↓YAαIβ←'faβCW"βS#∃¬"ReβNqβ7?vKS?Iεk?∪∃ph(4*&C∃α∞|rQβ≠.s∂S'}qβSπ↑+MβSF)β∪?.∪3∃β≡['Aβ⊗+SWKrβ?9β∨+∂∂↔∨→1βSF)β∪'⊗+∂P4W∪↔SW⊗qβ'→π##↔K*β'Mβvyβ+?∩↓β3?>;↔⊃βNqβ?9π##∃α¬"e1β∞s⊃βSF)↓βONs∨3∃π≠/'@hSK↔S/∪9β'2βS#∃εS? β≡ ;;?"β ∃β≡{;S'w+↔⊃8hP4*SF)α∩>41βπ;"α∩>9ε3W;∂&K?;Mαβπ3←∂KMβS∞[∃βSF)β∪'⊗+∂Qβ⊗+SWKsY↓α∩|2→βO/#L4+⊗KQ↓IB↓↓!AbaIAAε∪'Q%αβ'9β&C∃αR%I↓α%|yβOS∂#WM↓π;?K⊃αCS#W~↓βSW⊗s';≥∧z~_4V+∂#?Ns≥%↓ε ;⊃α$z9↓β≡c↔πK~βS#'~↓β '"↓#SW⊗s';≥αβ↔∂#}K;≥β⊗ ∂-↓∧z9%9ααO↔∀hRO↔∂&K?9↓~qEβ≠␈⊃βS#*β7↔πvK;≥β}1βS#O→β '"p4(4U##∃αdz≡&9ε3W;∂&K?9βf{∨Mβ&C∃↓α¬"eβ'rβW;∪/⊃βS#*αBB9ε{→↓β&C∃β∂}sSK?fc';≤hS+? ε ;⊃β≡{C'↔~βS#∃ε≠?;S⊗{33'v9β+?∩;Mα∪O≠-αB∧qβπ;"βCK'6K3↔∨/→mβSF)β+?⊂h+;Wn∪↔Iβ}1βS#*↓β;↔:β+? εKM↓β⊗+SWKv+⊃βπ"αε∩I[ ↓βπv!βS#*βO/'α↓βK↔'+K9βO_4+S∞[↔9βN1βS#*β+? ε;↔SMπ≠W∂∂/≠O≠Wfceβ3};∨↔⊃εK99↓∧K→βSF+K∃βO→↓βπg∪↔π∪Jβ∧4+V{ β3};∨↔⊃εK9β?rβS#∃¬αRe1π##πQεS? ∨~β;W7⊗+Iβ'~βK↔S/∪;↔⊃εK9↓α "I-Eε ;⊂4W##∃β&KK↔∂"↓βK↔'+K9βO→βSπ↑+99↓α↓"S#O→β'Mαβ¬β∨}{⊃β←∂I↓βSzβ≠';"↓β?W"βS#∀hS;W7⊗+Iβ?2βS#∃εS? βf{∨∨↔"β'9β}qβ¬α¬"e9%αα'→β&C↔K∃εKMβ;zβ+? αβ3?∨>+⊃β'ph+?9π##∃α¬"eβ /!βS#/∪∃βπ⊗)β;=εS? β≡c?SMε [π'f 3∃bβk↔Kzβ'M↓π∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃βNp4*ε%⊃-Eβ∞s⊃βSF)β∪'⊗+∂Qβ⊗+SWKrβ'Mβ& /↔9ph(4*&C∃↓αM:ε&R~β≠W;∨#'?9αβ3↔S~βg?Uαβ≠';"β?WQαβ'→β&C∃↓α¬"eβ'~↓β←πO#';≥ε3?H4VK;CW"q↓αSF Qβ'~aβ'→π##∃α¬"eβ#∂→βK↔'+K;↔"βS=βn{;'S␈⊃β3↔6+1βπv!β;↔.#Mβ∧hS7?;O#?Iβ≡{77πv!↓βSOβ↔⊃β&yβ'Qb↓β?IεK→↓β&C∃β+}⊃βKWvs';≥αβ?9β&C∃↓α¬"eβ'_h+←πO#';≥αβ≠?I¬"Re↓εK;CW"aβS#.q↓βSFKMβ≠.s∂S'}q↓βO↑KCM9α↓α?SF+K←'≡)1βSF(4+∪O∪↔∂Qπ∪↔SW⊗qβ'Mπ#π/↔rp4(4U##∃α≤bJ
~Jβ≠W;∨#'?9ε≠3↔π↔→βS#*αBRe?→β';π+Qβ .3≠↔Iph(1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αN,~R&>r↓Q56$JNB2
Iα>V%αVP4Ph(4*&C∃βπ6 '3π⊗K3'SJ↓β?→ε#'OCf gMβ6{I↓β␈+SCW"βCK?6K∪↔Mαβ∨K↔∂!β≠3/C' 'fKSd4V ;⊃β≡{;[↔vK↔;∂*β'9βn ;eβπ∪?∨K∞kM9↓¬##'Mπ≠↔∂SN{9β↔Gβ3π'w→βO↔6+Kπ1¬*V?LhSS#π"↓βπ3f{]βSF)↓βW≡+IβSz↓β∪↔&+K7'v)β←#∂!↓β←Nc1βππβ↔πIαβ?9↓ε β∪'∨β3πeph*S#/≠∃αV,{Mβ'v≠3W∪+QβS#*αBB&⎇#MβSzβO↔3.≠Qβπv!βC?≡KS'?r↓β[π⊗K?WM¬α&⊗∞-_4*>2↓αBε∧*I↓β}qβg?/⊃↓βO∨∪↔↔9Z↓βS#*↓αB≡LzSMβ∞s⊃↓α-α≡&>"↓βS=αβKW9ε#'OCf d4+π∪?∨K∞kMβ?rα∪πS
α∪'O∨→βπ;"α&&'~βπ;⊃π#=βO.c↔∂Qε3K?5π3πK'␈+M↓α∧J⊗∞⊗~α>_4T:2εN~↓β?9∧J&'MZ↓α∩∩≤Bε9↓π#=βπ∨ W'K*↓βπ;"β7π;OβW3π&)↓β↔G#K¬↓∧#πS¬∧#'O hS∂#πvs↔3MZαZ∩Nl
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α∪πS
α∪'O_h+∪'∨β3πeZαε∩Nl
A↓β&yβO↔f+∂Qβ&C∃↓β≡{W;⊃π≠?WK≡)βS=αβ ∃β≡{;;↔∨#↔⊃↓π#=βSF(4+Oε+π/↔∩↓βπO≡{∂'π&+⊃β←O#!↓β
β∨'[.q↓β∪O≠C3πKYβπ;"↓β¬β6+]↓β␈##↔Iπ∪↔3π&+⊂4*-*?M8hP4*¬εS? β↔+;;'v9↓β?rβ¬αB%Iβ'Mαβπ33␈;↔⊃β&yβWO*β7?O"↓β?→π##∃α-*?M↓εK9βSFKL4+≡+∂S'}qβS=αβ∂?;'∪?1β&C∃β∪O≠C3πJ↓β?→π##∃βV{ ↓β␈;;';:βS#∃ααBReαCC↔KF CL4W##K?.;!↓β
β∂#πNq↓β?2αBRg~I9↓↓¬##WMbβ←'SB↓βS#*β↔c∂/βS'?r↓β?→αβS#∃¬*V?LhRBBN¬I1↓α$"∞"εra↓αε%~6εAb↓βπ;"↓α
⊗-↓1βπfa↓αV,{M↓βNq↓βSFKM↓β≡+∂S'}qβπK(h+↔c.≠WS↔"βπMβN1βS#*β+? π∪W;;Ns≥↓β}qβS#*αBReπ;πMβ⊗+π33JβKW;vK;≥↓ε{9β''_4+?>s↔I∨~β∪'Oεcπe8hP4*SFKMβO.≠S'?r↓β∪?/→α:>"β∪'O∨+OM↓εC?]β&yβCK};Kπ5αβS#∃∧J&%β␈⊃↓α∪∂#¬α∪O≠ 4+&KOC3∂IβCK}≠↔OO␈∪M9↓¬##↔O*↓βCK}≠↔OO␈∪Mβπ⊗)β↔cεcπ';.!β'9ααO↔∂&K?9↓ !9H4V ;⊃↓¬≠↔∂SN{9↓↓ !9M1αβK↔Oε+∂S'6+3e9αα#?←/3↔I1αβO';≡)↓βSF)↓βS>yβ∪'∨β3πdhSCK?≡+OO?↔→βπK*βO?7/;#πQε#'≠≠/∪↔;QεK9βSF+'Iβ␈β↔Kπ&K?91∧IβO#∞c1βπ'#↔7C h+S=ε+cC3∞K9β≠␈⊃β↔π≡Aβ#?:β'Qβ>{K/Mε ;⊃βF{]β'"β';S/∪π∂S~β←'SBβS#∃π≠gOS.h4+OzβS#π"βg?Uε≠π9β.s∪↔K∨#π;⊃π;#πQπ##∃β6 K'?/→αVV␈→βπK*β';S.s∪↔⊃αβS=β&y84*≡{7∃β⊗+≠↔K.s∂↔Mε K∃↓εkπ∪∃π#=βOε+∂'≠N→↓α&LIβ?I∧"⊃↓βNsOSK.≠S'?w→mβSF+O∀4V K∃β∞c1β↔Gβ3π'v+⊃β'rβS#∃ε ?[*k7↔;&K?;↔"βO↔∂&K?;Mph(1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓Qs ↓α&LIα∪'∨β3πg_h(4(hRS#∃αα&&%αβ∪'Oεcπe↓πβK?∂/≠O?IαβKW;~↓β∂?w#';W␈+O3eb↓β↔c.≠WS'v9↓β∪O≠C3πHh+';∨#KW∂&K?;Mε3K?5εkπ'9αβ7↔7␈∪e9↓¬##∃β≡{∪∃↓εKQβ↔F+∂WS/→β'Mαβ3?∂∂#↔⊃βNp4+OO≠S↔5ε3K↔∃π≠S?K∞;∃9↓∧ ;eβ≡Cπ;∨*↓βS=ε βO'v;3∃β>{K⊃β}1βS#O→↓β∂}#∃β←Nc04+≡ WO∃π##∃↓π∪↔OWg#π;Qε#'OCf eβSz↓β∂#∞s∨∃9αα¬βW≡+I7←⊗KSS↔r↓α&&Jβ∪'Oεcπd4WβK?∨⊗ 5β∂∞qβ ∃αβKW9ε∪eβW≡K;≥β&C∃↓α-α≡&>"αVV=r↓↓"SF)↓α&LIβ';∨#KW∂&K?;LhSπK∃αβ↔cCf ';↔"↓β'9ααO↔∂&K?9↓ !9I9J↓↓αV∧:&>QαβSπ//→↓βπ~↓βπK?+7↔;'→βS#(h+3?≡ S'?rβπ;⊃αβ3↔;?#!β?2βS#∃αβ∪'Oεcπeβπ∪?∨K∞iβS=αβ ∃β↔+99↓ααS#∃π≠gOS.h4+∂␈β'↔Mπ##∃↓ε#'OCf eβC⊗{∨Kπjβ?WQαβ?→β&C∃βW≡+I∨Mαβ∂?K*β'7π>)↓β'w#=β≠⊗+∀4+∨#?Kπ>)1β7∞[';≥π#Kπ;≡3?K7∂#'?;~βOW∂BβπMβ∞#∪K↔∨→βK↔f{∂πSN{984Ph*S#*βOgO&+5↓β/≠↔Mβ&C∃↓β6KKOQπ;?K⊃αβ'9βN{WI↓πβK?∨⊗ 5βSz↓β';&+K≠π≡)β←'&@4+?&C↔I↓ε#'OCf e↓βπ∪?∨K∞kMm↓πK?U↓∧jVNQεK;∂3.#∃↓β∞q↓β↔G#K¬↓π;?K⊃αβπQβ&C∀4+⊗+∨';vK;≥β}1β↔π≡A↓α&LIβ∪'∨β3πeπβK?∨⊗ 5βg␈)↓β←⊗KS∃9ααS=β/C'Q↓ε3K?5π##∀4Vk'∪∪f)β?→πK?WIε#'OCf eβC⊗{∨Kπjaβ';≡+KQβ
α"2QεK;OS↔+∂S'}q9↓α␈##↔K>KO∃0hSg?Uπ≠#?Wf!βO'oβ3e↓πβ3π9π#=β≠∞c1βSG∪?W∨B↓βS=π##∃β.s⊃β?2↓βg?/⊃βCK};Kπ5ph*g?*β;↔↔"β;?QεCπ[∃ε α"2"βπQβ&C∃β↔v!84(hR↔[↔↔Iβ+?∩βKW;vK;≥β}qβ¬αLJ%β'~βC↔KnKSS↔"βS=βF [∃β/↓βS=α↓IAβNs∪↔C.s∪↔; h+∪'∨β3πeπβK?∨⊗ 7M9αα¬α&LIβ∪'∨β3πeπβK?∨⊗ 5β'~β∂π3f+⊃β¬πβ'↔∂*↓β?→ε;3πO~`4+πv!↓β↔∞≠!βCN+∂∃↓ε{→β∨f OM↓αC#↔K. ≠S↔∩βπ ⊗+['π&+⊃↓α∧z≥%βF M↓β
β;W7⊗+H4+⊗+S←↔.q↓↓Aε ;⊃↓β ]↓βNs∂3W≡K[∃9ααJε&"↓βWO/→↓αB|9↓E]Z↓βC3. O∃↓εs?S∃π##∀4V{ ['␈+Mβ∂}s≠3'∨!β'→πK?WIπβK?∨⊗ 5βW≡+MβSFKMαB|9βS?zp4(4UK?Uβn eβ∂F{?O∃π;#'∂B↓β?→πK?WIπβ'↔∂/→β?→αβ_∞f≡>2ε∂,Tπ&z ,Rαπm≡6N⊗LTε∞vAQ'>F≤=αε∂,Tαπ&t &*ε≥nfO≡≤-F*r∧∧¬&FT FO∨
L↔Jε=|F*α mw∩ε≥dαεNnm↔≡N-LR¬∧xqPV≡⎇nFNw\↑2απMtαπ⊗↑=⊗&*∧
⊗rα∞?↔∨&]Tαε7,\Rαπ>Mw⊗∞|Tαε↔↑DαεO4∧π≡N↑
GJεm}@hV← V∨/L\CZπ≥}Rεn∨∀π⊗.≤>FO6≡LRεOD ↔"ε≥o∩π&≥\Rph!Q%&FT
vvg∀ ∀LJ
≥g∨'.\7&N⎇dπ&F≡DεO~
≥Ff.|≥BεNd ∩π/<↑"ε&≡>εf∂∀∞π⊗}},⊗jε≡1PW& T∧Tm4
⊗w∨N.V∨&≥⎇brα
Mrε>↑Dπ&FT V66\>Bε}d ∩∧TZ5Bπ/<Tπ&FT∧∧U≥$ ⊗v"⎇} hU8~d*ε≥n7'↔\>FN}n4αG≡\T¬≡.>M⊗}rε⊗Bs∩∃aPPh*Mε*¬8YBεNn>G↔.>M⊗}r∞⎇⊗fb
mw"ε,Tε∞fM}v."∞Mrπ≡]LV∨"∞=vn.⎇lRαε]N6*?4 ∀LHQ.Vvf↑>2πN}TαεF≡lRεn≡∞ε."∧∂⊗␈/$ FO∨
L↔Jα
}W'π↑Dπ&z∧∞FF∂D ∀LJ∧∞W≡Nltπ&FQQ$%¬_9E∩¬ZYrαα∞<V*π ≤v*β⊗7∩Jα
}"πN}TεF∂lTαπ& T¬-∧t∞π⊗Om≥F.>Udαα¬ may
display on a III that is not in use.
4.2 Data Disc Displays
The Data Disc (DD) display processor works by storing complete TV
pictures bit by bit on a disk. The disk we have has =64 tracks; two
tracks are needed to hold a complete picture. Thus =32 complete TV
images can be stored on the Data Disc. Each combination of two
tracks that makes up a whole picture is called a Data Disc channel.
The Data Disc hardware reads the disk and puts out a TV signal for
each channel. Each TV signal can then be routed by the video switch
(controlled by software) to any combination of TV monitors (Data Disc
displays).
When the DD processor executes a program, the resultant picture
changes are recorded on the disk, and the displayed picture changes.
The Data Disc display processor does not execute the same display
program continuously like the III processor. The only way to make a
DD picture disappear is to explicitly erase it from the disk by means
of a DD program (from either the system or a user).
There is no such thing as a piece of glass on a DD display. Also,
you should NOT include an extra word at the beginning of a DD display
program as you do for III display programs; every word of a DD
display program is executed as a display instruction. (The DD
instructions are explained in Section 14.3).
More words of warning:
The DD processor executes your display program directly from your
core image. No address relocation is done; thus jumps will not work
correctly since their destination addresses are taken as absolute!
Your Data Disc display program should end with a HALT instruction; if
it does not, the system will zero the last word of the program to
make sure it halts.
Finally, you may do a channel select only to your own main channel or
to an extra DD channel that you own or are permitted to write on. If
you have no channel select in the fip¬Mh@b`↓o←eILA←LAe←kd@↓ λAaI←OeC4X~∃i!JAgsMiKZA]SYX@↓gKYK
hAs←UdA[C%\A λAGQC9]KXA→←dAs=jAk]1Kgf@↓s←jA¬eJ~∃9←hA←8ABA ¬iBA %gFAI%gaYCdXAS\↓oQSG AGCg∀AiQJ↓gsgi∃ZAoS1XA]←PAek\↓iQJ~) λAaI←OeC4AEkh↓oSYX↓isaJ↓←khA%→→ ∂¬_A λ↓π⊃β≥9 _Ao%iQ←kPAgi←AaS]N↓s←kd4∃U←D8@@Q∨8AiQJ↓ λAI%gaYCdAae←
Kgg←HXA←]1rAiQ∀AMSeMhAGQ¬]]KXAgKY∃GhAS8~∃BAAe←Oe¬ZAoS1XAo←IVvAg<AC]r↓GQC]9KXAg∃YKGh↓EKs←9HAiQ∀AMSeMh@@b@Ao←e⊃f~∃o%YX@A JASO9←eKH8R@@A∧AgKY∃Gh@A=L@AG!C]]K0@`@A]SYXA≥Kh@Ae←kd@↓[CS\↓ λ~∃
QC]]∃X@@Q%LAs←T@ACe∀A←\@↓B@A ⊂AISgAYCrR8@@A &CWMβ&y↓βO.c↔∂QαβS#∃π∪↔π0hS∂#πvs↔1↓αa↓βg␈)βO↔f+∂Qβ≡Cπ;;.a↓↓Qαq↓αg␈)βO↔*a↓↓Qαβ'Mβv{97k/∪=↓β≡yβg?(h+∪?r;Qβ∨/!βg?/⊃↓β7∞K9β∂F ;;↔baβ W"↓β?;gIβS#*β3?]αβ?K∪/⊃↓Uβ⊗KSM↓ε{→βSF(4+∂F ;;↔b↓β;Wn∪↔Iβ∂∪∃↓β/≠↔⊃βNq↓βSF)βO↔f+∂Q↓αCO';≡)βS#/∪∃↓β∂∪∃↓β}s3e↓k→H4+≡Cπ;;.cM%9α↓αg?*β∂π9αβπ3←∂KMβO.c↔∂Qαβ∂#πvs↔1↓#↓.
↓ε ;⊃β⊗)↓βπ∨≠WK↔"β?_4V;↔SSNs≥β∂F ;;↔bα
9↓∧C?←↔6+I1βN1βg?*βO↔3.≠Qβ¬ε≠#π;v+1βSF Qβg␈)βπK*β;?PhSπ33␈;↔⊃β&yβ←KO#∃β?raβS#*↓βO↔f+∂QβO→β∂#∞s∨↔⊃π#=βg␈+Iβ?>q↓β7∞K9β∂F ;;↔`h+W;f+OMβN{Uβπ⊗)β;?"β?9β
↓α∪π& α∪'≡→β∪'∨β3πebβ'9β>C'∂!ε≠πO∃αβS#∃π≠gOS.h4+←Nc1β;␈!↓βK.qβS#*↓α∩⊃πβK?∨⊗ 5β /!↓β←Nc1βSOβ∃↓β␈+Qα&db⊗≡εb↓α∩⊃∧~"ε:t*04+>KS#?/!βOS␈βC';:βg?W∩↓β+?∩q↓α'2βg?UεCπ[∃αβS#∃¬*B≥βπ∪'['f+∨∃1αβg?Uε≠π84W;K'S*β?9↓ε ;eα$!↓β∂F ;;↔bq↓α'rβπ31αβ?→β&C↔O∃αβ∂πO/→β←#/∪∃↓β&C∃βOO≠S↔4hSO↔3.≠SMβN{WIβ␈;9β7∞K9α∩"β∂#πvs↔1β6{Iβg␈)1β'"β∪?↔~βO=β↔I↓βO& KS'v9βS#(h*∩⊃πβK?∂/≠O?IαβπQβ
↓βOC.≠'π1π#←=↓π;?K⊃ε∪3?∂Z↓βS#∂!β∂?w#π';~↓β¬β≡Cπ;;.`4+O.c↔∂QεK9βSF)↓β≠O∪OQβ>{K⊃β∞s⊃↓β
β+W7αβS=↓πK?WIπβK?∨⊗ 5β'r↓βS#*βO↔∂}s⊂4+>{K⊃8hP1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓Q9MααCπ∨*αCK'w#↔Iαn ;'C.cπS'}p4(4Ph*S#*βCπ∨*βCK'w#↔I↓εKMβ←F Qβ#∞s∪3↔~βS#∃αβCK'w#';≥ε{→β?/#CWQαβπ;⊃ε+∂#?. 4+S/CQβ?rβ∪'Oεcπeβ≡≠K↔↔w→9↓αv{K7πfceβg␈+Iβ↔w#'K∃π≠∂K↔.qβ'Mπ+O↔⊃αβπMβ}s∀4+&+cQβ∂∪↔¬β↔IβS#*βCπ∨*↓βCKNsS↔Ir↓α#?>+[↔Ibβg?Uεkπeβ&KK↔∂"↓βS↔G!β?W'βWP4W#=↓Iαβ∪'≠6+K↔;"β3?∨N≠π1βε KSMε{→βSF)βO∂⊗+↔99ααS#↔≡)β3?>K∂π1αβCπK'→β?_hSS#∃π≠∂K↔.qβπK*β∂π3f+⊃αBL*∞⊗M∧z→↓α∧
B⊗Iε ;⊃β∂∪∃β;.k ↔K.!β≠K}i↓A↓π#=↓E8h+';≡cWO'6)9↓↓∧+π∂!αβ7πeαβ ∃↓πβ3π∂.!↓βπwK←#↔⊗)↓β?r↓βS#*↓βO∂⊗+↔9↓αβπM↓ελ4+∂}sS';?+?WMαβ∨K?/↓β?→αβ←#?f)β3'v+M9↓ααg?Uπ≠↔3↔∨!↓βSF)βC'.≠∃↓β}1βCπε+H4)FC↔K↔∞3S↔Iε K/3'πS.!↓αBαIβ←#N≠!↓βO→βS=ε∪∃↓β/≠↔⊃β∨+KK↔w#3emαβπ31¬"Rd4WβK';&K;≥↓π;'31αβ∨=↓π#=↓β&CπQ↓¬αA↓β.sS'1αβg?UαβO↔3.≠Q↓β≡{7∃↓ε{S#↔∩αBA8hRπ∪∪O#'?;∞c3e1πK?Uβ≡ 9β∂F{?O∃π;#'∂BαBCMπ;'31ε∪∃β[O≠' 3*β?9↓π##∃β≡≠K↔↔ph+π;"β←#'≡Aβ←'faβ ∃εK;['≡K 3∃r↓↓α[O≠' 3*αBCMε K∃β≡ '⊃β&y↓β *βπ∂SO3πS↔"`4+'w3'O'⊗c∃β?v+Mβ∪. ∂S'6 S↔⊃ph(4*Ns'S'∞c3e1ε ;⊃β∞3S↔Iαβ¬αJ-~⊗Qα-*=↓#≡+∃↓βε ∨∃↓∪)A%β␈⊃α∩BL~2I↓¬*V=↓G≠↔∀4Wβπ∨∃β Me%bαBA↓α↓β'Mπ≠↔3↔∨#↔⊃β∞s⊃β;z↓β?SF+IαBπ→β↔cO≠Q9↓∧{S#↔∩↓αBC~βπK∀hS∂K↔∂#↔⊃β∂+S?7∂#'∂πfceβ←F+9βSF+eβπ⊗)βO↔f+∂S↔"β←'SBβS#∃¬αBN⊗b↓αVVz↓#O↔(h+ ↔f{]%8hP2BBLzQ↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]A∃h4)5ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji544R↓↓↓↓α↓↓αB∧J>Q↓f3W;∂&K?9yccπK∨.k↔;Qph(4(hRBB&⎇!β'Mε 9β↔G#↔;∪.!αVVzβS#π"βWO↔~βS#∃∧
β≠N+3⊃β&yβ∪↔&+K7'v)β←#N≠!β?0h+O↔6+Kπ1πβπ∨∃αβCK'w#↔Iβ7+;∂SN{;M↓εKMβSz↓β ∃ε+c↔∂/#↔⊃9α↓αS#*β';∪O3'∪W∞`4+≠.s∂S'}sMβπ⊗)β∪↔≡≠K' .!βO↔ε KπS.ceβ .c?]8hP2BB≤*1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]A∩aαε
kαu↓α¬α&>Qβ↓04)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓α¬αN⊗1βc≠3π;q-sCN+∂∃β}1βCπε+Iβ;ber>
The PPSEL UUO selects the piece of paper (PP) to which subsequent TTY
printing is to go. All text output and echoing will go to that PP
until another PP is selected. The PP's number, which should be
between 0 and 17 inclusive, should appear as the UUO's effective
address except that the 400000 bit of the effective address is used
as a flag for the UUO. Unless the 400000 bit is on in the effective
address, this UUO will activate the PP being selected and deactivate
all others. If the 400000 bit is on in the effective address, (e.g.,
PPSEL 400002), then no change will be made in the activation
condition of any PP.
If a piece of paper is selected that does not exist, then that PP
will be created and given the default size (whole screen) and
position (top of screen) for the type of display you are on; see the
DPYSIZ and DPYPOS UUOs below to change the PP's size and position. A
given PP (other than PP 0, which always exists) will not exist if it
has not been selected since the last time you executed a RESET, a
DPYCLR UUO, or a PPREL of that PP (see PPREL below).
PPACT [OP=702, AC=1] PPIOT 1,
--------------------------------------------------
PPACT <piece of paper activation map>
The PPACT UUO is used to display pap¬QSGkY¬d@Aa%KGKf↓←L@AACaKd8@A)Q∀~∃KM→KGiSYJ@AC⊃IeKgLA←L@↓iQJA%]gieUGiS←8@ASf↓S]iKIaeKi∃H@ACLAB@A ShA[¬`~∃S9ISGCQS]NA]QSGP↓aSKG∃fA←L↓aCaKH@AC`⊗)βS=ε∪∃β∪O≠C3πN+⊃9↓∧ β?;*↓β'9ε∪'P4S a.9π;'31αβ∂πW≡)αBAεsW7 /⊃↓α9π#=β *↓β∪'∨β3πg.!9↓α&CWMβ⊗KQ↓↓ A↓!Qβ↓AA@hS 'QJβ?→β&C∃β↔63↔∂SO3∃βπ&#K↔O~β'Mβ6{IαBα↓A1β⊗KQ↓EJ↓!IAβ↓AAβ⊗KQ%β6{IαBh)E1ε+S
9α↓απ;JαBCMαβ∪↔π∨#'[π&+⊃β←Nc1↓β&KOπCε+πI↓F+cC3N≠'S3J↓β↔K∂≠↔⊃β}p4*∪∂#¬↓α&KO∂MKYβπ;J↓αBC~↓βK∃n ∂S'6 S↔⊃ε{9↓β
↓α&&Jβ←'3b↓βπCε+πI↓ε∪WQα¬βL4+⊗)7π∂&K[πS.!↓β?r↓β¬α& S¬↓∧#'O
αβ7WO"↓β ∃ε3?K∂.!↓βSz↓β ∃αβK↔∪⊗ ←9↓F3?H4VK;OS∞s∂∃1π;'S!βb⊗N
rαA%8hP2∩BMα>M↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]A∩aαε
k∩u↓α¬α&>Qβ⊃04)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓α%αfB>~↓re7ε{O'SN{9x4Ph(4*&C∃α∩¬JB>MααVV=ε≠πWO/→βS#*↓β∂W↔∪↔;SgIβO↔f+∂S↔"βC'↔≡)↓β?2βCπC/⊃↓βSzβ ∀4Wβ?O'&K?;↔"β?9↓π##∃β≡≠K↔↔rβO=↓π##πQεKSMβ6KKOQαβ3';*β'Mβf{∂πS.!↓βπ"βS#∀hRe7C␈≠'S'}qβOC.≠'≠'.!↓β JβS#∃ε+≠≠↔∨#'[∃αβπ∪∪⊗+OMβ}1↓βSFKMβ'w≠SKW∨#'?9`h+←#/∪∃↓- ↓AAβO→βS#*βS?Aε{→βSF)βO∂⊗+↔9β∞s⊃↓5 ↓AAβO→βS#*β ?S&{584P2∩BM~&i↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]A∩aαε
k~u↓α¬α&>Qβ→04)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓α%αfN&R↓r≥) ↓AA↓Zα1x4Ph(4*&C∃α∩¬JN&i¬*V=↓π≠↔SMπ#←=β6 3W↔~β≠?IαβS#∃ε≠WKK.sS3eπ≠↔3↔∨#↔⊃↓πβ'↔∂*β?_4WβπC↔∪QβS#*β;W7⊗+Iβ?2β∨3'&≠#↔MαB≥%β∞s⊃βSF)β;Wn∪↔Iβ}1β3'v+M↓βε+Iβ∨fKS∂ hQ"1%r↓α ?&Aβ?→π##↔O*β;W7⊗+KMβ∂∪∃βO/!β≠K}iβS#*β↔≠≠.≠S'[*βπ∪∪⊗+OMβ}1βS#(h+';∨#KW∂&K?91∧9β≠K}iβ ''→↓EaS⊃Y↓!αa1]];↓AAβ⊗KSM%ε ;⊃αbβ≠K?jβ 'S~↓I]i≠(4)!αa1]]:β 'S~I9↓α&C∃β∂/∪K↔;"β∪↔≠∂+3Qβ6 3W↔~βπK∃Rβ?9αLJ'M1βiEIβ>c'S∂F+L4+}1↓IβfK;↔Mε+π∂!Zβ?9α& S¬α&KO∂Mb↓Qβ∨fKS∂#/→β?→βieβ3Ns↔Mβ. ∂!8hP4*;␈9β¬β>{K⊃β∞∪?WQε;3'S≡C↔M9αα←#↔rβ¬βCN+∂∃β}1βCπε+Iβ≠Nc3Mβ/↓1↓β&C∃βS/CP4+Nqβ'QεSW7C~βWAβ&yβCK␈3'∪∃αβK??jβ≠?Iεk?K∃π#↔cQαCS#W~β7?[Ns≥↓β≡{7∃β&+cP4V{≠→β&C∃βS␈↓↓β?2βS#∃¬αA%9α↓αS#O→β+Woβ';≥π+A↓βO→β∂πfc↔⊃β
↓β∨3O#∂!9ααS#∀hS;W7⊗+Iβ?2β3';/→β'QεSW7C~β'Mβ&C∃β;.k ↔Iε{→β3Ns↔Mβε+Iβ∨fKS∂!αB1%β∂→βO↔ h+ eπ##∃βf OQ↓∧"BfNMQβ≠?∩βS#'~↓αBAε{Iβ JβS#∃αβ∪↔≠∂+3QβN1β;=αα∩Bf≤Jiβ#∂_4+ .+9β∨O3↔99ααS#∃π#?Sπbβ;W7⊗+Iβ?2β3';/→β'9ε αBAεKMα1T984(2BB∀*1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]A∩aαε
k"u↓α¬α&>Qβ!04)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓α¬αJ⊗1βcC'↔≡)β?→πβπC↔∩β;W7⊗+Ix4Ph(4*&C∃↓α¬αJ⊗1ααVV=π∪↔3↔∂≠↔M↓π##∃↓πβ'↔∂*↓β?→πβπC↔∩↓β←#␈≠∃↓βw+7 ↔∩↓β'Mπ##∀4V+≠≠↔∨#'[∃αβπ∪∪⊗+OM↓ε{→↓β&C∃↓α-*=9↓ααC'↔≡)↓β?2↓βCπε+I↓βV+K=↓ε≠π;;␈!β ∀hSK↔3. O↔⊃ZαBBJ,a↓AβO→β¬↓εs=7?αq↓αSF)βOg∨#↔5β∨#?Kπ>)βπO≡{∂'π&+⊃↓β>KS!βλh*BAε∪↔';:↓βK↔f+πO↔"β'Mβ7∪↔↔⊃Z↓βg?*β∂π;v{QβC␈≠O' gI↓β∨/!β π≡Y↓βSF)βS↔G 4+SF Qβ←∂→β?9αβ'Q9αα'→βN{UβK.c↔πO*↓βS#*β∂WK⊗+;S3JβO↔3.≠S↔⊃¬αA1↓ε αBB≤*04)G≠↔∃β∞∪?[∃JβS=↓πβ'↔∂*β?→βε C↔IπS↔K=αβ'Mβ&{;∃9αα?9αLJ'M1αβK↔3. O↔⊃¬αCL4W;'31ε#'Oππβ↔πIph(2BBLr~=↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]A∩aαε
k*u↓α¬α&>Qβ)04)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓α¬α&:~zαε∩HhP4*ε%⊃i↓↓<block 24 words long for returned information>
The PPINFO UUO gives you a 24-word table of information about your
page printer. The effective address in the instruction should point
to a 24-word block into which the table is to be placed.
The information returned in the table is indicap ∃HAEK1←nX@↓oQKe∀A! ~)[KC]LAaSK
JA←L↓aCaKH@AC]⊂A!∞A5KC]f↓aSKG∀@A←L↓OYCgL\@A)<AOKhAiQJ↓gC[J4∃S]M=e[Ci%←\AM=dAg←5JA←i!KdAU=DXAkMJAiQ∀A!!'A2A++<@QgK∀AaCO∀@bdp$\~∀~(@@@A]∨% &A-β→U
~∀~(@@@@@@@@@@y!∨≤ACGi%mCiS=\AESQf|XXq! AC
iSmCQS←\A Sif|4∀@@@@@@@@A)Q∃gJACIJAS\↓!∂βπP@AC]⊂A!!β
(AM←I[Cif8@A'K∀@AiQ∃gJAi]↑~∀@@@@@@@@AU+∨f\4∀~∀@@@b@@@@@q]k[E∃dA←L↓iQJA
keeK9iYrAMKYKGQKHA!@|~∀~(@@@@H@@@@A¬Sh`@Ph@````0X`AE%hRASL@bAS_AiQJ↓ CiB↓ SgF↓aCOJ↓G←Y←H~∀@@@@@@@@ASLAOeK∃\A←\↓EYCG,\~∀@@@@@@@@A Sh@bPd``@``XX@AESh$@ASfb@AS_As←kH@AgGIKK\@↓QCfA KK\~(@@@@@@@@AKeCMKHAEdAC\A∃gGCa∀@AG←5[C]H↓gS]G∀As←j↓YCghAOCm∀AiQSL~∀@@@@@@@@A+U≡\~∀@@@@@@@@↓¬Sh@H@Pb`@```X0`AESPRASfbASLAs←j↓CeJA=\AB@↓ CiB↓ SgF4∀@@@@@@@@AISMaYCr8~∀@@@@@@@@A¬%if@b`tfj@!iQJ@@XXnn\nnnA SifR↓Q←YH↓s←kdAYS]∀AKISQ←d~∀@@@@@@@@↓2[a←MSiS←8@AS\A→ 3A∨&@A→←e[CP\@@AMKJ@AQQJ@A1 3!∨LA++≡4∀@@@@@@@@AEK1←n\~(~∀@@@ftdH@@@yd[a←g%iS←\xXXy∞T@b`@`@VA0|~∀@@@@@@@@AQQKeJ↓SfA←9JAo←IHAQKIJ@AM=dAKC
PA! lAS\A]←eH@L@ASf↓iQJ~(@@@@@@@@AgiCQkf@A→←d@@↓! @`0@Ao←IH@@h@AM←H@A! bX@@↓KiF\@A)Q∀~∀@@@@@@@@@yd[a←g%iS←\xASf@↓S\A A3!∨&↓M←e[¬hX@A≤A[KC9f@A]U[EKd↓←L~∀@@@@@@@@↓OYSi
QKfXAC]HA_@A5KC]f↓YS]KL@AaKH@AOY%iGP\@A'K∀AiQJ4∀@@@@@@@@A !e!∨&A¬]HA A3'∪4↓++∨f↓CE←m∀\~∀~(@@@@Hf@@@A¬Sh@`@@ h```@`XX`AESh$@ASf@b@A%L@Ai!J@Ag%uJ@A=LAiQ∀~∀@@@@@@@@AGUeeK]QYrAg∃YKGi∃HA! ↓oCfA1CghAMKhAEdAWKs ←CeH↓G←[[¬]H~∀@@@@@@@@↓eCiQ∃dAiQ¬\AEr↓++≡\4∀@@@@@@@@A¬SP@b@PH````@XX`A ShR@↓SfAi!JAgC5JAM←H@AiQ∀A2[a=gSiS=\~∀@@@@@@@@A=LAiQ∀AGkeIK]hAA \~∀@@@@@@@@↓¬Sh@H@Pb`@```X0`@AE%hRASLAiQJAgC[∀AM←d↓iQJ@↓YS]J↓Q←YH4∀@@@@@@@@AG←U]h\~(@@@@@@@@A¬Shf@Ph@```X0`AESPR@ASLAiQJ↓gC[J↓M←dAQQJ@A≥YSiG AQ←Y⊂~∀@@@@@@@@AG=k]h\4∀@@@@@@@@A¬SQf@@rhbn@P\nnXX@@AESQfR@A!CmJAQQJ@A¬GikC0@AYS9JAQ←1H~∀@@@@@@@@A
←k]h8~∀@@@@@@@@A¬%if@@DptdlP`XX\nn``@@AESQfRAQ¬mJ@AQQJ@A¬GikC0AOYSQGP~∀@@@@@@@@↓Q←YH↓G←k]P\~∀@@@@@@@@AiKe↑A%\@AK%iQKd↓←LAi!KgJ@↓Q←YH↓G←k]QfA[K¬]f@AQQChAQQCh~(@@@@@@@@AQ←Y⊂AG←k9hASf↓]←hA KS]N↓kgKH8~∀@@@@@@@@A¬%if@d\tfj@ `XXn\nAESQfRAQ=YHAi!JAGQ¬eCGi∃d@QS9GYkI%]N~∀@@@@@@@@↓π∨≥)I∨_AC9H←←d↓≠ )α↓ESif$AiQCPACGi%mCiK⊂AiQJ↓YCgh↓YS]J4∀@@@@@@@@AeJ5KISi∃HAoSQPABA
∨≥)%=_[π$↓←dAo%iPAB↓!)→∨¬λ@A+U≡@Qg∃J~∀@@@@@@@@AACOJ@DbfR\4∀→→ 3A∨&@@@@@@@A7∨@zn`d0AβεzY:@A!A∪∨(@XX~∀Z4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZ~(@@@@@@A→∃3!∨&y2[a=gSiS=\AM←HAYS]∀AKISQ←d|~(~∀~∃QQJ@A1 3!∨LA++≡AgKiL@AiQ∀A2[a=gSiS=\@A←_@As←UdAYS9J@AK⊃Si←dAi↑AQQCh~)gaKG%MSKHAEr@↓iQJA∃MMKGQSmJ@↓CIIe∃gf@A=LAiQ∀@AS]MiekGQS←\XAoQS
PASf4∃S]i∃eaeKQKH@A%\@A A3!∨&↓M←e[¬h@@P,b```ASfAQ←`@A=L@Ag
eKK\0@@Zb@``ASL~∃E←Qi←ZR8@Aα@↓2[a←MSiS←8A←LAiKe↑@↓I←Kf↓≥∨(A5KC\@↓i↑Aa=gSiS=\@Ai!JAYS9J~∃K⊃Si←d↓ChAi!JA[S⊃IYJA=L@Ai!JAgGIKK\X↓EkhA%]giK¬HA[K¬]fAi<@AeKQke\AQQJ~∃1S]JA∃ISi←H@Ai↑↓SifA9←e[C0@AY←
CiS←8AChAQQJ@A ←ii←4A←L@↓iQJA
keeK9iYr~)gKYK
iKHAASKGJA←LAACaKd8@@A)!SfA+U≡ACY]Csf@↓gKif↓s←kdAYS]∀AKISQ←dOf4∃0[a=gSiS=\Ai↑↓iQJ@↓YKMh↓[CeO%\A←L↓iQJ@↓ISga1CrAg
eKK\↓k]YKMf@As=jACe∀~∃]←I[CYSiS]NAQQJAY%]J@A∃ISi←HOfA25a←gSQS←\A rAga∃GSMs%]N@A∧A2[a=gSiS=\~∃←_AuKe<\~∀→!!⊃1λ@@@@@@@@A7∨@zn`d0Aβεz]:@A!A∪∨(@\X~∀Z4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZ~(@@@@@@A!A⊃→λ@q→⊃εTD```@,A∂⊃εx~∀~∀4∃)QJ↓!!⊃→⊂@A++<AgKiL@AiQ∀AYS]∀AQ←Y⊂@AG←U]h@Q1⊃εR@↓C]HAQQJ@A≥YSiG AQ←Y⊂~∃G←U]h@Q≥⊃εRA→←d@Ae←kdAACOJAAeS]i∃d\@@↓)QKg∀Aio↑↓]k[E∃ef@A%]ISG¬iJAQ=n~∃[¬]rAY%]KfA=dAOY%iGQKLAiQJAgsgQKZAg!←kYH↓CYY←\Ai↑A J@AaIS]iK⊂AEKM=eJ~∃¬ki←[¬iSGC1YrAQ=YIS]≤AiQJ↓isaK=khAM=dAs←UdAISMaYCr8@A¬←QPAiQ∀A→⊃ε↓C]H~)iQJA≥⊃εACIJAgKPAMe←4AiQJ↓KMMK
iSmJ↓CIIe∃gfA←_AiQJ↓++≡X↓→⊃ε@↓Me←Z↓ESif4∀bptHl@Qi!J@`X0nnn`@`AESQfRAC9HA∂⊃ AMe←4AESiL@dntLj@Qi!J@`X0nnnA SifR8~∃∪LAiQJAQSO @A←e⊃Kd@A Sh@A=L@AK%iQKdA←L@↓iQKg∀@AMS∃YIf@↓Sf@A=\XAi!J~∃G=eeKgA←]IS9N@AQ=YHAG=k]h@↓SfA≥=(@Aπ!β≥∂ ⊂\@AαAuKe<AS\@↓KSiQ∃dAMS∃YH~∃⊃SgCE1KfAi!ChAa¬eiSGUYCdAQsaJA=LACkQ←[Ci%FAQ←1IS]N8~∀→!!'A2@@@@@@@@A7∨@z`hn0Aβ $th``b@o:@A
β→→∩h``b@n~∀Z4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZ~(@@@@@@A≠=-
@@↓βεY6qU←DA9k[EKHA←d@5iirA9k[EKH|XYβ⊃%:~∀@@@@@A!!M!2Aβ X~∀@@@@@@yKeI←dAe∃ike\x~∀~∃¬ $t@@@xdP[o←e⊂AEY←
VAM←HAeKiUe]KH↓S]M←I[CiS=\|~∀4∀~∃)!JA!!M!2A+U≡AeKQke]f↓B@@dP[o←e⊂AEY←
VA←L↓S]M←I[CiS=\ACE=kh@AQQJAa¬OJ~∃AeS]i∃dA←L↓B@AgAKGSM%FAU←λA←d@↓ISga1Cr\@↓)QJA%]M←e5CiS←8@AeKQke]K⊂ASf~)KqCGQYrAi!JAgC5JACf↓iQChAeKiUe]KH↓ErAi!JA!!%≥
≡AU+≡@QMKJ@AACOJ@DdjR\4∃)QJ↓eSOQPAQCY_A←LA¬εAgQ=kYHA
←]iC%\AiQ∀ACIIIKgfA=LAiQ∀@@dh5o←eH↓EY←G,~∃oQ∃eJAs=jAoC9hAiQ∀AS]M=e[Ci%←\Ae∃ike]∃H\@AQQJAY∃MhAQ¬YLA←_@Aβε↓gQ←k1H~∃G=]iCS8AKSi!KdAi!JA]k5EKdA=LAiQ∀AU←D↓←dAi!JA]K≥CiSm∀A←LAQQJA]U[EKd↓←L~∃QQJAI%gaYCdAM←d↓oQSG As←j↓oC]h↓iQJAACOJAAeS]i∃dAS]→←e[CQS←\\A∪LAQQSf~UUO is successful, the skip return is taken. If AC left contains
zero, or if there is no job with the job number given or no display
with the negative TTY number given, then the direct (error) return is
taken.
4.4 Running Display Programs
This section describes the UUOs that allow the user to have his own
display programs run on the III and Data Disc display processors.
UPGIOT [OP=703]
--------------------------------------------------
UPGIOT <piece of glass number>,ADR
ADR: <flags>,,<address of display program>
<length of display program in words>
<transfer-in-progress flag, if bit 0 in ADR is on>
<address of low order line command, if bit 1 in ADR is on>
The UPGIOT UUO (also known as DPYOUT) causes a display program to be
run. If you are on a Data Disc, the program is assumed to be a Data
Disc display program and thus is run on the Data Disc display
processor. If you are on a III terminal, the program is run on the
III display processor. If you are on a pseudo-teletype (PTY) which
is owned either directly or indirectly (that is, through a chain of
PTYs) by a job running on a display, then the program is run on that
display, whether it be III or Data Disc.
If the display program is to be run on a III, the AC field of the
instruction indicates which piece of glass the program is to be run
as. If the program is intended for a Data Disc display, the AC field
is ignored.
The address field of this UUO points to a data block, of which the
first word contains the address of the display program that is to be
run and the second word contains the program's length in words.
For Data Disc programs there are some other optional parameters which
you may specify. If bit 0 (400000,,0 bit) of the word at ADR is on,
then the display program is run in overlapped mode. This means the
UUO will return without waiting for the display program to finish.
(However, it will wait for any previous DD program to finish.) In
this mode the word at ADR+2 is set non-zero while the program is
being sent to the DD processor and is set to zero when the program
has finished. Thus you can test to see if the program has completed;
you should not change any part of the display program until ADR+2 has
been set to zero. Also, if you indicate a DD program length of zero
in ADR+1, no program will be run at all, but the UUO will not return
until any previous DD program has finished.
If bit 1 (200000,,0 bit) at ADR is on, the display program is run in
double field mode. This is useful for writing text on a Data Disc
channel. Normally you have to send text to the DD processor twice,
once for each of the two tracks that make up the DD channel. In
these two passes, you would indicate two line addresses that are the
same except in the low order bit position. In double field mode, the
system sends the program to the DD processor twice, once with the low
order bit of the line address select set to zero and once with it set
to one. The original value of this bit when you give the UUO is
irrelevant and its final value is unspecified. The low order line
address select must occur as the third command in the word pointed to
by ADR+3. This feature will not work properly if you have more than
one line address select in your DD program.
For details on the format of a display program, see Section 4.1 for
IIIs and Section 4.2 for Data Discs. For descriptions of the
instructions for the two display processors, see Section 14.2 and
Section 14.3.
PGIOT [OP=715]
--------------------------------------------------
PGIOT <function>,<argument>
The PGIOT UUO is an extended UUO that uses the AC field to determine
which of several display functions is to be executed. The individual
functions are described separately below. Of these, the PGSEL,
PGACT, and PGCLR UUOs are meaningful only for IIIs and are no-ops
when given on Data Discs.
PGSEL [OP=715, AC=0] PGIOT 0,
--------------------------------------------------
PGSEL <piece of glass number>
The PGSEL UUO causes the piece of glass whose number is the effective
address of the UUO to be selected. This means that the UPGMVM and
UPGMVE UUOs (see page 137) will refer to this piece of glass until
the next PGSEL is given.
PGACT [OP=715, AC=1] PGIOT 1,
--------------------------------------------------
PGACT <piece of glass activation map>
The PGACT UUO is used to select which pieces of glass are to be
displayed. The effective address of this UUO is interpreted as a bit
map; a one in bit 18+P will cause piece of glass number P to be
displayed, and a zero will cause that piece of glass to be invisible.
PGCLR [OP=715, AC=2] PGIOT 2,
--------------------------------------------------
PGCLR
The PGCLR UUO causes all of your pieces of glass to be cleared. This
means that the system free storage that was allocated for these PGs
is freed and whatever was displayed by them disappears never to be
seen again. This UUO does not affect your page printer at all.
DDUPG [OP=715, AC=3] PGIOT 3,
--------------------------------------------------
DDUPG ADR
ADR: <flags>,,<address of display program>
<length of display program in words>
<transfer-in-progress flag, if bit 0 in ADR is on>
<address of low order line command, if bit 1 in ADR is on>
The DDUPG UUO causes a user's Data Disc display program to be run.
This UUO works just like UPGIOT except that the program is always run
on the Data Disc display processor. See the UPGIOT UUO on page 130
for an explanation of the various options.
This UUO is especially useful if you are not on a Data Disc and want
to run a Data Disc display program (for example, on a Data Disc
channel you have acquired using the DDCHAN UUO--see page 141).
PGINFO [OP=715, AC=4] PGIOT 4,
--------------------------------------------------
PGINFO ADR
ADR: <block 21 words long for returned information>
The PGINFO UUO returns a 21 word table of information about your
pieces of glass. The effective address of the instruction should
specify the location of a 21 word block where the table is to be
stored. The information returned in the table is indicated below.
If you are on a Data Disc, only the first word of the table is
relevant; the remainder are returned as zero.
WORDS VALUE
0 <POG activation bits>,,<PP activation bits>
These are in PGACT and PPACT formats respectively; see
these two UUOs.
1:20 <word count>,,<starting address>
There is one word here for each piece of glass.
UPGMVM [OP=714]
--------------------------------------------------
UPGMVM AC,ADR
The UPGMVM UUO is used to update a III display program. Before you
give this UUO, you must have selected some piece of glass with the
PGSEL UUO. This UUO is then used to update the display program of
that piece of glass by replacing the word that would have been at ADR
in that program with the word in the specified AC. In other words,
you could update your display program by doing a MOVEM AC,ADR and
then another UPGIOT, or you can give this UUO with the same AC and
ADR specified. This causes a change to one word of your display
program, which is already running (unless deactivated by a PGACT
UUO). The address ADR must be within the bounds of the core area
that contained the display program when you created this piece of
glass with the UPGIOT UUO.
UPGMVE [OP=713]
--------------------------------------------------
UPGMVE AC,ADR
The UPGMVE UUO is the MOVE analog of the UPGMVM UUO described above.
This UUO picks up a word from the currently selected display program
and returns it in the specified AC.
DPYCLR [OP=701]
--------------------------------------------------
DPYCLR <flag>,ADR
ADR: <job name or number, if <flag> is non-zero>
The DPYCLR UUO resets your display to its initial state if the AC
field of the UUO (<flag> above) is zero. This means that your page
printer is normalized by releasing and deactivating all pieces of
paper except number zero, which is selected and activated with its
position and size normalized. The position of your line editor is
reset to normal, and any III display programs running are killed.
On a III, all pieces of glass and all pieces of paper but PP 0 will
disappear. On a Data Disc, however, nothing is erased except that
which is overwritten by the newly redrawn page printer. To erase
pieces of paper on a Data Disc, deactivate them while they still
exist (this UUO releases all but PP 0). The RESET UUO (see page 250)
also normalizes your display like DPYCLR.
If you do a "DPYCLR 0," after having done a DPYCLR with a non-zero AC
field (see next paragraph), then your display's state is reset and
the mapping effect for display output is undone.
If the AC field (<flag> above) of this UUO is non-zero, then the
address field of the UUO should point to a word containing either the
name or number of a job running on a display. In this case, all
subsequent display output done by your job will be displayed on the
specified job's terminal just as if he himself had done the display
output UUOs. To undo this effect, execute a DPYCLR 0, or a RESET
UUO, both of which will also reset your display's state as described
above.
4.5 Extra Data Disc Channels
The DDCHAN UUO is provided to allow users to acquire extra Data Disc
channels for use in displaying text and graphics.
DDCHAN [OP=047, ADR=400067] CALLI 400067
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<channel request>]
DDCHAN AC,
<error return - for get channel and set status only>
The DDCHAN UUO is used to get and release DD channels and to get and
set the status of DD channels. This UUO should be given with a
channel request in the specified AC; this request is interpreted as
follows.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF BITS IN A DATA DISC CHANNEL
REQUEST
28:29 0,,300 Operation.
0 = release channel 2 = get status
1 = get channel 3 = set status
A GET CHANNEL will fail if the requested
channel is unavailable. A SET STATUS
will fail if the channel doesn't belong
to you. These two commands skip on
success; otherwise, the direct return is
taken.
30:35 0,,77 Channel number. Values 0 through 37
specify a particular DD channel. In a
GET CHANNEL request, the value 77
specifies ANY CHANNEL. In a GET STATUS
or SET STATUS, 77 means your main
channel. In a RELEASE CHANNEL, 77
releases all channels assigned to the
job. Other values for the channel
number are undefined.
0 400000,,0 Privacy flag. A one in this bit means
no one else can look at this channel.
1 200000,,0 Write permission. A one in this bit
means that other jobs may write on this
channel.
After execution of this UUO (except for a RELEASE ALL CHANNELS or a
GET ANY CHANNEL failure), the AC contains the channel number in the
right half, the privacy and write permission status in bits 0 and 1,
plus the CHANNEL USE in bits 10:17 (377,,0 bits). A value of zero in
this use field means the channel is free; 1 through 77 mean that it
is an extra channel belonging to that job number; 100 through 177
mean that it is the main channel for the TTY line whose number is 52
less than this number; 200 means the channel is being used by the
system to advertise available consoles (or to display other system
messages); 201 means the channel is detached from the system
(probably because it is a lousy channel, e.g., streaks a lot); 202
through 377 are reserved for future use.
The RESET UUO (see page 250) releases all of your extra DD channels.
EXAMPLE: To request a private channel that only your job can write
on.
MOVE AC,[400000,,177]
DDCHAN AC,
JRST LOSE
WIN: ...
If you get to WIN, the channel number will be in the right half of AC
and the left half will have the sign bit on with your job number in
bits 10:17.
4.6 The Video Switch
The Video Switch is the device that determines which pictures will
appear on which TV monitors (Data Disc displays). Available to these
displays are =32 Data Disc (DD) channels (numbered 0 to 37 octal), a
null channel (numbered 40), and 7 television channels, (numbered 41
to 47).
Each TV monitor is controlled by a 36-bit map that specifies which
channels are connected to that monitor. This map is explained below.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF BITS IN A DATA DISC DISPLAY
CHANNEL MAP
0:31 777777,,777760DD channels. A one in bit N means that
DD channel N is connected to this
monitor.
33:35 0,,7 Low order 3 bits of TV channel number,
as indicated below. The following (0 to
7) represent the TV channels 40:47.
0 Null channel. 4 Cart receiver.
1 Cohu camera. 5 Lounge TV.
2 Sierra camera. 6 Color synthesizer.
3 Kintel camera. 7 Video synthesizer.
32 0,,10 Asynchronous flag. A zero in this bit
causes DD sync to be inserted; a one
blocks DD sync and all DD channels.
Whenever bits 33:35 specify an
asynchronous source, the system
automatically sets this bit to one. TV
channels 41 through 46 are all
asynchronous and cannot be viewed along
with DD channels.
EXAMPLE: A map containing "200000,,7" selects DD channel 1 and TV
channel 47.
The following UUO has been added to permit user programs to set the
maps for particular TV monitors.
VDSMAP [OP=047, ADR=400070] CALLI 400070
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<video switch request>,,ADR]
VDSMAP AC,
<error return for operations 1:4>
ADR: <Data Disc display channel map>
The VDSMAP UUO is used to change and/or retrieve one of the channel
maps for a Data Disc display line. AC left specifies, in the form of
a video switch request, the type of operation to be carried out by
this UUO; the fields of a video switch request are explained in the
table below. All the operations except GET MAP and GET LINE TIED TO
take the skip return on complete success and the direct return
otherwise; GET MAP (operation 0) and GET LINE TIED TO (operation 5)
always takes the direct return. For operations 1, 2 and 3 (SET MAP,
ADD CHANNELS and DELETE CHANNELS), AC right should point to the
channel map to be used in the operation; channel maps are described
above. For operations 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, a channel map is returned in
AC; the particular map returned depends on the video switch request
given, as explained below. If you specify a TTY line that is not a
Data Disc display line, -1 is returned in AC.
For each Data Disc display line, the system keeps two channel maps,
which are called the PERMANENT MAP and the TEMPORARY MAP; and for
each actual TV monitor the system keeps an additional map called the
UNTIED MAP. Normally, each TV monitor is tied to some display line
and sees that line's temporary map (unless the line is not in use, in
which case the TV monitor sees the line's permanent map); when a TV
monitor is tied to a display line, it is affected by any channel
mapping done by the program running on that line. However, the TV
monitor can be untied from the display line (for example, by the
keyboard command ESC n S), in which case its untied map is displayed.
Any number of TV monitors can be tied to a given Data Disc display
line and any changes to that display line's permanent or temporary
map will be seen on all TV monitors tied there. However, the untied
map for a given TV monitor is displayed only on that actual TV
monitor, and then only if the TV monitor is not tied to any display
line.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF BITS IN A VIDEO SWITCH
REQUEST
11:17 177,,0 Number of the Data Disc display line
whose map is to be changed or retrieved,
where zero means your own line. Other
lines associated with TV monitors (26
through 117) may have their maps changed
(operations 1:4) only if they have no
job logged in (or if you are
privileged).
9 400,,0 Shadow line map. If this bit is on,
then the UUO will refer to one of the
six unused TV lines rather than to a
normal Data Disc line. The number in
bits 11:17 should be in the range 0:5
and specifies which one of these six
lines is to be mapped or examined.
0 400000,,0 Temporary/permanent flag. For a SET MAP
operation, an ADD CHANNELS operation, or
a DELETE CHANNELS operation (operation
1, 2 or 3), the operation will affect
only the temporary map if this bit is 0
and both the permanent and temporary
maps if this bit is 1. For operations
0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 (with bit 1 off--see
below), the map returned in the AC will
be the temporary map if this bit is 0
and the permanent map if this bit is 1.
For a RESET MAP operation (operation 4),
this bit determines which kind of reset
is done; see the reset map operation
below. Operation 5 (GET LINE TIED TO)
ignores this bit. An attempt to change
just the temporary map (this bit off) of
a shadow line or of a line not in use
will be a no-op, taking the skip
(success) return; such lines have no
temporary map.
1 200000,,0 Affect untied map. This bit being on
causes operations 0, 1, 2 and 3 to
affect a TV monitor's untied map instead
of a line's temporary and permanent
maps. Operations 4 and 5 (RESET MAP and
GET LINE TIED TO) ignore this bit. This
bit is also ignored if you are mapping a
shadow line (bit 9 on--see above). When
this bit is on for operation 0, 1, 2 or
3, the map returned in AC will be that
which is actually being displayed on the
TV monitor specifed: untied map if
untied, permanent map if not in use,
else temporary map. The channel mapping
operations (1, 2 and 3) with this bit on
are privileged (requiring the UPG
privilege); these operations will untie
the TV monitor if it is tied to some
line (copying the temporary map into the
untied map before carrying out the
operation), and if bit 0 if off
(temporary mode) a flag will be set so
that the next RESET MAP (operation 4)
will tie the TV monitor back to the
display line to which it is
keyboard-mapped.
6:8 7000,,0 Operation.
0 = GET MAP. The temporary, permanent,
or untied channel map (as
determined by bits 0 and 1--see
above) of the indicated line is
returned in the AC, and the direct
return (no skip) is always taken.
1 = SET MAP. The indicated maps
(temporary, temporary and
permanent, or untied, according to
bits 0 and 1 above) are set from
the word at ADR. This operation
skips if it is entirely successful.
2 = ADD CHANNELS. Bits 0:31 of the map
at ADR are "or"ed into the
indicated maps. If bits 33:35 of
the map at ADR are not all zero,
they replace the corresponding bits
in the indicated maps. The
resultant map is set into the
temporary, permanent or untied maps
according to bits 0 and 1 above.
This operation skips on complete
success.
3 = DELETE CHANNELS. The complements
of bits 0:31 of the map at ADR are
"and"ed with the current map. If
bits 33:35 of the map at ADR are
not all zero, this field is cleared
to zero (which selects the null TV
channel) in the resultant map. The
resultant map is set into the
temporary, permanent or untied maps
according to bits 0 and 1 above.
This operation can fail only on a
busy line number. It skips on
success.
4 = RESET MAP. If bit 0
(temporary/permanent flag) is off,
the temporary map is reset to the
permanent one. If bit 0 is on, the
permanent and temporary maps are
both reset to the line's main
channel alone. This operation can
fail only on a busy line number.
It skips on success. The RESET UUO
also resets the temporary map to
the permanent map.
5 = GET LINE TIED TO. This function
simply returns in AC a word
indicating the tied/untied status
of the TV monitor indicated in bits
9, 11:17. The returned word will
be: 0 if the TV monitor is untied;
400000,,0 if the TV monitor is
untied but a RESET MAP will tie it
back to the display line to which
it is keyboard-mapped; or the line
number the TV monitor is tied to if
not untied. This operation ignores
bits 0 and 1 and will return a 0 if
bit 9 (shadow line) is on.
6:7= Undefined.
An attempt to map someone else's private channel to another's display
will fail, even if you are privileged. However, each channel being
mapped is considered separately, and a mapping operation may
successfully map some channels while failing on others. If the
mapping operation fails on at least one channel, then the UUO will
take the error return. Also, unless you are privileged, you cannot
change the map of someone else's display; nevertheless, a job running
on a PTY can change the map of the display of the job owning the PTY
(possibly through a chain of PTYs).
EXAMPLE: To temporarily display Data Disc channel 21 and TV channel
47 on your line.
MOVE AC,[1000,,[1,,7]]
VDSMAP AC,
JRST LOSE
WIN: ...
EXAMPLE: To get the temporary map of TTY line 26.
MOVSI AC,26
VDSMAP AC,
...
The map would be returned in AC.
4.7 The Audio Switch
Associated with each display is an audio speaker which can be
connected to any one of several sound sources. The ADSMAP UUO (see
below) is used to choose the sound source to be heard over the
speaker at a program's attached terminal. The BEEP UUO is used to
send a short beep to any display's speaker.
Each sound source that can be connected to a display's speaker is
assigned an audio channel number. The current assignments of
channels to sources is as follows:
CHANNEL SOUND SOURCE
0 Laboratory personnel paging system.
1 Lounge TV audio.
2 RPH tuner.
3 Tuner in computer room.
4 AD D-to-A output converter, channel 1.
5 A continuous beeping--used by the BEEP UUO.
6 AM tuner.
7 BH tuner.
10 Voder output.
11 (unconnected)
12 (unconnected)
13 SGK tuner.
14 (unconnected)
15 (unconnected)
16 HPM TV audio.
17 KSAN.
To connect a speaker to a sound source, the user specifies the
source's channel number. A speaker cannot be connected to more than
one source.
Each display has both a PERMANENT audio switch connection and a
TEMPORARY connection. When a temporary connection is made, its
duration (possibly infinite) must be specified; when the duration
runs out, the permanent connection is reselected automatically. A
RESET (see page 250) will also reselect the permanent connection.
The system allows a user to send a beep to a display terminal in
order to attract the attention of that display's user. Since a beep
may interrupt something a user is listening to, the user is permitted
to inhibit beeping on his display's speaker. Furthermore, the
personnel paging system of the laboratory uses the audio switch to
make paging announcements over users' speakers, and these pages may
also interrupt a user's selected sound source. Thus the following
system has been implemented to allow each user to decide what will
interrupt his audio switch connections.
Four possible dispositions are allowed for handling audio
interruptions; for each connection, one of these is selected for
paging interruptions and one for beep interruptions:
INTERRUPT
DON'T INTERRUPT
INTERRUPT WITH EXTENDED DURATION
DELAY BEEP
INTERRUPT means that if an interruption comes along, the connection
will be momentarily changed until the beep or page ends.
DON'T INTERRUPT means ignore all interruptions; no change will be
made even momentarily to the audio switch connection.
INTERRUPT WITH EXTENDED DURATION means allow interruptions to take
place but extend the duration of the connection. This is meaningful
only for temporary connections.
DELAY BEEP means postpone any beep interruption until the expiration
of the connection. This again applies only to temporary connections,
and further is not a defined disposition for paging interruptions.
ADSMAP [OP=047, ADR=400110] CALLI 400110
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<audio switch connection>]
ADSMAP AC,
The ADSMAP UUO is used to connect a specific sound source to a
display's speaker or to find out the status of a display's audio
switch connection. The job giving this UUO must be attached to a
display terminal for this UUO to do anything; also it is not possible
for a job to affect the audio switch connection for any display but
its own.
If AC contains -1, the audio switch connection is reset to the
current permanent connection. Otherwise, the value in AC specifies
either the temporary or permanent connection and indicates whether
that connection is to be changed or just its status returned. If a
temporary connection is to be made, the duration of the new temporary
connection must be given in the right half of the AC; this duration
is in units of 1/4 second. The various fields of AC are interpreted
as follows:
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF AUDIO SWITCH CONNECTION
FIELDS
0 400000,,0 Temporary/permanent flag. A 0 in this
bit specifies the permanent audio switch
connection; a 1 means the temporary
connection.
1 200000,,0 Set/get flag. If this bit is 0, the
connection indicated by bit 0 will not
be changed; the connection status will
simply be returned in AC (with bit 0
unchanged, bits 1:4 zero, bits 5:17
containing the data indicated below, and
bits 18:35 containing the time remaining
in any temporary connection's duration,
or 0 for infinite, even if getting
permanent connection status). A 1 in
this bit means the connection is to be
changed.
2:3 140000,,0 Action taken if there is a current
temporary connection (applies only if
setting new connection):
0 Wait for any existing finite
temporary connection to expire. An
infinite temporary connection in
progress will be flushed.
1 If making a temporary connection and
there is already a finite temporary
connection, don't change the
connection; if there is an infinite
temporary connection, it is flushed
and the new connection is made. If
making a permanent connection, same
as 2 below.
2 Make this connection now regardless
of former status. Any current
temporary connection is flushed
immediately.
3 Same as 2.
4 20000,,0 Return-immediately flag. If this bit is
0 and a finite temporary connection is
to be made, the UUO will not return
until the new connection expires. A 1
in this bit makes the UUO return
immediately, possibly after waiting for
an old temporary connection to
expire--see bits 2:3 above.
5:6 14000,,0 Paging disposition (bit 5 is ignored for
a permanent connection):
0 Interrupt.
1 Don't interrupt.
2 Interrupt and extend duration (only
for temporary connection).
3 Same as 1.
7:8 3000,,0 Beep disposition (bit 7 is ignored for a
permanent connection):
0 Interrupt.
1 Don't interrupt.
2 Interrupt and extend duration (only
for temporary connection).
3 Delay beep (only for temporary
connection).
14:17 17,,0 Audio switch channel.
18:35 0,,777777 Duration in 1/4 second units, or 0 for
infinite (temporary connections only).
9:13 760,,0 The original contents of this field are
ignored, but if bit 1 is 0 (getting
status), these bits are used to return
the following status information:
9 400,,0 Temporary connection active. This bit
will be a 1 if you have a current
temporary connection. This bit is
returned whether you are getting the
status of a temporary connection or of a
permanent connection. If you are
getting the temporary connection status
and this bit is returned as 0 (no
temporary connection), then only bits
9:12 (740,,0 bits) will return
significant data.
10 200,,0 Page in progress. This bit will be 1
whenever a paging announcement is being
made, whether or not your display is
allowing page interruptions.
11 100,,0 Paging interruption in progress. This
bit will be 1 whenever a paging
announcement is in progress and you are
enabled for page interruptions.
12 40,,0 Beep interruption in progress. This bit
will be 1 whenever a beep is happening
on your display.
13 20,,0 Delayed beep pending. This bit will be
1 if you have selected the delayed beep
disposition and there is a beep
interruption waiting for the expiration
of your temporary selection.
BEEP [OP=047, ADR=400111] CALLI 400111
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<TTY line number, or -1 for self>]
BEEP AC,
The BEEP UUO causes a beep interruption for a specific display
terminal. The AC should contain the display's line number, or -1 to
beep your own display. The beep may happen at once, be delayed, or
be ignored altogether, depending on the recipient's audio switch
connection status. This UUO returns at once in any case, giving no
indication of what happened.
If the terminal being beeped is not a display, a control-G (bell) is
sent to the terminal instead of the beep.
SECTION 5--UPPER SEGMENTS
Programs may be split into two discontiguous parts. The first part
goes from user address zero to an address called the job's protection
constant. This address, whose low order 10 bits are always 1777, is
contained in the word at JOBREL in the job data area (see Appendix
2). The second part, if it exists, starts at user address 400000
and goes up to the program's second protection constant, which is
kept in the right half of JOBHRL in the job data area. This second
part of a program, when it exists, is called the UPPER SEGMENT,
SECOND SEGMENT or HIGH SEGMENT of that job. The first part is
usually called the LOWER SEGMENT and is the controlling job. An
upper segment cannot execute code except when attached to a lower
segment.
An upper segment can be shared by several jobs; this saves core by
eliminating all but one copy of the same piece of code. However, it
uses up an extra job slot because each upper segment is given a
separate job number.
Another use of upper segments involves having several of them which
are attached by a lower segment one at a time and detached when the
next one is needed. For a job to be run, it must be entirely in
core, including its attached upper segment, if any.
Upper Segment Protection
Since upper segments are sometimes shared, they can be write
protected to prevent any job from changing the code and/or data in a
segment, which, after all, may be part of another job. Write
protection is just an option, however, and shared segments are not
required to be protected. The SETUWP UUO is used to change an upper
segment's write protection status. The sign bit of JOBHRL will be on
when your upper segment is write protected.
Upper segments have a protection scheme similar to that used on the
disk. Each upper segment has a nine bit protection key which
indicates who may use that segment and how they may use it. The nine
bits (777 bits) are in three groups of three bits each. The first
group (700 bits) tells what the creator PPN may do with the segment,
the second group (070 bits) tells what other logged-in users may do,
and the third group (007 bits) tells what not-logged-in users may do.
The LUP privilege (see page 178) determines whether the second of
third group is checked when a reference is made to a segment created
by some other PPN. Within each group, the first bit (444 bits) is
unused, the second bit (222 bits) is read protection and the third
bit (111 bits) is status change protection. Read protection prevents
you from attaching to the segment; status change protection prevents
you from changing the name, write protection status, core size, or
protection of the segment.
5.1 Making and Killing Segments
There are three ways you can become attached to an upper segment.
You can run an SSAVEd program (i.e., one that was saved with its
upper segment), in which case you will get the segment that was
attached to the program when it was saved (or, if someone is already
using a segment with the credentials of the saved segment (see next
paragraph), you will be attached to a matching segment); or you can
attach to an already existing upper segment; or you can create a new
upper segment.
Every job, including upper segments, has a list of credentials.
These include the job name, the project-programmer name of the source
dump file of the current program, the physical and logical names of
the device the dump file was on, the creation date of the dump file
and the protection. The protection for a lower segment will always
be 000 unless it has been changed by the SETCRD UUO (see page 177),
which can also be used to set the protection and creation date for an
upper segment. When you cause a new upper segment to be created, its
credentials are copied from your job. For a given job, all of the
credentials except the protection are set from their values for the
dump file which holds the current program. If the dump file was
SSAVEd, then the upper segment will be initialized to the same
protection it had when it was saved. The lower segment is set up
with protection 000.
Let me explain this a bit further with some examples. If you run a
system program, your job name will be the file name of the dump file
on [1,3], your job PPN (not to be confused with your logged-in PPN)
will be 1,3, your job physical device name will be DSK, your logical
device name will probably be null, and your job creation date will be
the creation date of the dump file. If you run a user program from,
say, the disk area [ABC,DEF], then all this stuff will be the same
except that your job PPN will be ABC,DEF.
The LINKUP UUO is used to search the system for an upper segment with
credentials that match those of your job. The SETPRO UUO (see page
158) can be used to set an upper segment's protection. The SETCRD
UUO (see page 177) can be used to set the creation date and
protection either for a lower segment or for an upper segment.
When you are finished with an upper segment, you should kill it.
This means that it will go away (giving up its job number) unless
someone else is still using it.
The following UUOs are used to create, kill, attach and detach upper
segments and to change the size of an upper segment.
LINKUP [OP=047, ADR=400023] CALLI 400023
--------------------------------------------------
LINKUP
<error return>
The LINKUP UUO attempts to find an already existing upper segment
with the same job name, date of creation, and other credentials as
your job has. (The list of credentials required for an upper segment
to match your job is given above.) If such an upper segment is found
which is not protected from you, it is attached to your job and the
skip return is taken. If there is no such upper segment, you get the
direct (error) return. Any segment you were attached to when you
gave this UUO is killed before all this happens.
REMAP [OP=047, ADR=37] CALLI 37
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<write-protect flag>,,<highest address in lower>]
REMAP AC,
<error return>
The REMAP UUO causes your core image to be broken into two segments.
The address contained in the AC right is taken as the address of the
last word to be in the lower segment. The next word becomes the
first word in the upper segment and its address becomes 400000. If
the sign bit of the AC is on when this UUO is given, the upper
segment will be write protected.
Before your core image is broken, an automatic LINKUP is attempted in
order to find an already existing upper segment with your
credentials; see the LINKUP UUO above. If one is found, the part of
your core image that would otherwise have become your upper segment
is discarded and your core size reduced appropriately before
attaching to the already existing upper segment.
If this UUO is successful, the skip return is taken and the job
number of your upper segment is returned in AC. If the automatic
LINKUP fails and there are no more job numbers left to create a high
segment under, or if there is something illegal in your
specifications, the direct (error) return is taken.
Any upper segment you are attached to when you give the REMAP UUO is
killed before anything else is done.
CORE2 [OP=047, ADR=400015] CALLI 400015
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<highest upper segment address desired>
CORE2 AC,
<error return>
The CORE2 UUO is used to change the size of your upper segment. The
address in the AC is interpreted as the highest address you want in
your upper segment; this address, if non-zero, is ORed with 1777 and
the 400000 bit is ignored. If the AC contains zero, any upper
segment you have will be killed (unless it is protected from you, in
which case it will simply be detached from your job) and the skip
return will be taken.
If the AC contains a non-zero number and you do not have an upper
segment, an upper segment of the specified size will be created for
you. If you already have an upper segment, its size is adjusted to
that specified by the number in the AC. If this UUO is successful,
the skip return is taken. If there is not enough core to grant your
request, or if the segment is protected from you, or if you are
asking to have a new upper segment created for you and there are no
job slots available, then the direct (error) return is taken. Unless
you are killing your upper segment (with a zero in AC), this UUO
returns with the AC containing the total number of 1K blocks
available to a single user program, counting both upper and lower
segments.
ATTSEG [OP=047, ADR=400016] CALLI 400016
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<job number or name>]
ATTSEG AC,
<error return - code in AC>
The ATTSEG UUO is used to attach to an upper segment that already
exists. You must not already have an attached upper segment. The AC
should contain either the sixbit job name or the job number of the
upper segment to which you wish to attach. If this UUO is
successful, the skip return is taken. Otherwise the direct (error)
return is taken and a code is returned in the AC indicating the cause
of failure. The error codes and their meanings are explained below.
ERROR CODE MEANING
0 A protection violation has occurred; you are
not allowed to attach to this upper segment.
1 There are two or more upper segments with the
job name you gave. The job number of the first
one is returned in the left half of AC.
2 The job number you gave is not the job number
of an upper segment.
3 There is no job with the name you gave.
4 You already have an upper segment.
DETSEG [OP=047, ADR=400017] CALLI 400017
--------------------------------------------------
DETSEG <flag>,
The DETSEG UUO detaches your upper segment from your job. Normally
your upper segment is placed into a list of the segments you have
detached, so that when you do a RESET (see page 250), all your
detached segments will go away. However, if the low order bit of the
AC field is a one, then the segment will not go into the list, but
will stick around like any other detached job. This is not
recommended because it can result in the proliferation of unused
upper segments. Only the low order bit of the AC field is looked at
by this UUO.
If you have a simulated upper segment (see the SETPR2 UUO on page
188), it is killed by this UUO.
5.2 Getting/Setting Segment Status
The following UUOs are used to find out and/or change the protection,
name and other information associated with an upper segment.
SETUWP [OP=047, ADR=36] CALLI 36
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<zero for unprotect, non-zero for protect>
SETUWP AC,
<error return>
The SETUWP UUO is used to write protect or unprotect your attached
upper segment. If AC contains zero, the segment becomes unprotected;
otherwise it becomes protected. If this UUO is successful, the skip
return is taken. If the segment is protected from you, then you get
the direct (error) return. If you have no upper segment and no
simulated upper segment (see the SETPR2 UUO on page 188), you get the
direct (error) return.
If you have done a SETPR2, then this UUO will do another SETPR2 with
the previous parameters but with the write-protect bit in the state
requested by this SETUWP UUO; the skip (success) return will then be
taken (although if your SETPR2 specified an absolute relocation and
you are asking for your segment to be unprotected, it will always be
write protected unless you have the ACW privilege).
The sign bit of JOBHRL in the job data area is a one if your upper
segment is write protected.
UNPURE [OP=047, ADR=400102] CALLI 400102
--------------------------------------------------
UNPURE
<error return>
The UNPURE UUO is used to unprotect your upper segment. If you are
sharing a write-protected upper segment with other users, this UUO
will create an unprotected copy of that upper segment (assigning it a
new job number), detach you from the old segment, attach you to this
new segment, and set the name of the new segment to that of the old
segment, but shifted right one character (6 bits). If you are the
sole user of a write-protected upper segment, this UUO will simply
unprotect that segment and shift its name right 6 bits. The skip
return will be taken upon success. If your upper segment is not
write protected, then this UUO will not do anything but will take the
skip (success) return. If there are no job numbers available for a
copy of your upper segment, or if you cannot be granted enough core,
or if you have no upper segment, then the direct (error) return will
be taken.
If you do an UNPURE after having done a SETPR2 UUO (see page 188),
you get one of the following results. If the SETPR2 specified an
absolute relocation, then nothing is done and the direct (error)
return is taken. If the SETPR2 specified a relative relocation, then
the write protection is cleared for your second protect and relocate
register and the skip (success) return is taken.
SETPRO [OP=047, ADR=400020] CALLI 400020
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<Bits 0:8 = new prot key; bits 30:35 = job no.>]
SETPRO AC,
<error return>
The SETPRO UUO can be used to change the protection key of any upper
segment not protected from you. Bits 30:35 (0,,77 bits) in the AC
should contain the job number of the upper segment whose protection
you wish to change, where zero means your own attached upper segment;
bits 0:8 of the AC should contain the new protection key you wish the
segment to have. If this UUO is successful, the skip return is
taken. If a protection violation occurs or if the job indicated is
not an upper segment, the direct (error) return is taken.
SETNM2 [OP=047, ADR=400036] CALLI 400036
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<sixbit name for your upper segment>]
SETNM2 AC,
<error return>
The SETNM2 UUO is used to change the job name of your upper segment.
The name you wish your segment to have should be in the AC when you
give this UUO. If your segment is successfully renamed, the monitor
then scans the names of other upper segments in the system, and if
there is one with the same name as yours, its job number is returned
in the AC; if there is no other upper segment with the same name,
zero is returned in the AC. The skip return is taken on success. If
you are not permitted to change your upper segment's name, the direct
(error) return is taken. If you have no segment attached, the skip
(success) return is always taken.
POINTS [OP=712]
--------------------------------------------------
POINTS ADR
ADR: <block =63 words long for returned job numbers>
The POINTS UUO returns a list of the job numbers of all jobs,
including your own, which are attached to your upper segment. This
list is returned in the block pointed to by the effective address of
the UUO, with one job number per word. The end of the list is
indicated by a zero. This list can be up to =63 words long.
SEGNAM [OP=047, ADR=400037] CALLI 400037
--------------------------------------------------
SEGNAM AC,
The SEGNAM UUO returns in AC the sixbit job name of your upper
segment. If you have no upper segment attached, zero is returned.
SEGNUM [OP=047, ADR=400021] CALLI 400021
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<job number>
SEGNUM AC,
The SEGNUM UUO gets the job number of the upper segment attached to
the job whose number is in AC. The segment number is returned in AC.
A zero in AC gets your own segment number. A zero returned means the
specified job has no upper segment attached.
SECTION 6--GETTING/SETTING INFORMATION
This section describes numerous UUOs that allow you to get certain
types of information from the system and to change some of this
information regarding your job.
6.1 Dates and Times
Here are some UUOs to get various flavors of date and time.
DATE [OP=047, ADR=14] CALLI 14
--------------------------------------------------
DATE AC,
The DATE UUO returns in AC the current date in system date format.
The number returned has the following value:
((year-1964)*12+month-1)*31+day-1, where all these numbers are in
decimal. You can calculate the day, month and year by dividing. If
you divide by =31, the remainder is then day-1. Then if you divide
the quotient by =12, the new remainder is month-1. Finally, if you
take the quotient again and add =1964, you get the year.
DAYCNT [OP=047, ADR=400100] CALLI 400100
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<date in system date format>]
DAYCNT AC,
The DAYCNT UUO converts a date from system date format (see the DATE
UUO above) to the number of days from 1 January 1964 (a Wednesday) to
the date indicated. AC should contain the date of interest, where
zero or a negative number is taken to mean today's date. The
corresponding day count is returned in AC.
TIMER [OP=047, ADR=22] CALLI 22
--------------------------------------------------
TIMER AC,
The TIMER UUO returns in AC the time of day in 60ths of a second
after midnight.
MSTIME [OP=047, ADR=23] CALLI 23
--------------------------------------------------
MSTIME AC,
The MSTIME UUO returns in AC the time of day in milliseconds after
midnight. This time is accurate only to the nearest 60th of a
second.
ACCTIM [OP=047, ADR=400101] CALLI 400101
--------------------------------------------------
ACCTIM AC,
The ACCTIM UUO returns the current date and time. The date is
returned in the left half of AC and is in system date format (see the
DATE UUO above). The time is returned in the right half of AC and is
in seconds after midnight.
RUNTIM [OP=047, ADR=27] CALLI 27
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<job number>]
RUNTIM AC,
The RUNTIM UUO returns in AC the total compute time since login used
by the job whose number is in the AC. A zero job number in the AC
will get the compute time for your own job. The time returned is in
milliseconds although it is kept by the system in 60ths of a second
and is not even exact to that accuracy. An illegal job number
specified will cause zero to be returned.
6.2 Job Information
Here are some UUOs to find out things about specific jobs and even to
set certain values for your own job.
CORE [OP=047, ADR=11] CALLI 11
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<highest address you want in your lower segment>
CORE AC,
<error return>
The CORE UUO is used to change your core size (the size of your lower
segment if you have a two segment program). AC should contain the
highest address (in your lower segment) that you want to be able to
reference. This address, if non-zero, is ORed with 1777 (to make it
a 1K boundary), and then your core size is adjusted, if necessary, to
the size indicated. If you can be given the amount of core you
request, the skip return is taken; if not, the direct (error) return
is taken. In any case, the maximum number of 1K blocks a single
program is allowed to use, counting both upper and lower segments, is
returned in the AC. If the AC originally contains zero, then no
change is made in your core size, but the number of 1K blocks
available to a single program is returned in the AC and the direct
(error) return is taken.
PJOB [OP=00λn0Aβ $tfa:@↓πβ→→$@f`~(ZX¬5j↓Rj`+++%UVVVKV↓----,αZZ4ZX¬5ji50
UURj`+++%UVVVKV↓---
PJOB AC,
The PJOB UUO returns your job number in the AC.
GETPPN [OP=047, ADR=24] CALLI 24
-----------------------------------------,αZZ4ZZZZ4~∀@@@@@@↓∂ )!A≤Aβε0~∀~∀4∃)QJ↓∂ )!A≤@A+U≡AeKQke]f↓S\@A¬εAiQ∀AXβ?>;↔⊃7Nq↓βC⊗{(ε.>EWπ⊗|}&∞n\↑"εv≥\PhR
∧rJ
|bπN}↑"εV|%`hPQ)d⎇$W$∧N2∧ $ ≤:DεNr∂≥w/∩∧
&}∩∞>F∂'↑4απ>}Y∧
<h≤l↑λλ
∃Y+K∧∂;⎇(∧ <Y(∞M→#"IIqr3D
|H∪ xrβjjλ897s\0vTVλ:42wλ:44yH*jgP_2t0{→yP24Y32y2[:6<Wλ⊂$z⊂≤rz9FB:42P≠7stwλ(('⊂_w2⊂"~yuP(∀'⊂⊂7Y⊂:44\P57qλ:7P-LV→.Wλ⊂*42[⊗⊂4sλ⊂:42\2P4yCE0w7]42y⊂~7q⊂;Zz4⊂:~2P67Ytw⊂(∀'⊂⊂:~0z⊂:~4yP5≠q⊂:yYr⊂:7H40{2K⊂⊂:4→P9ut\εE92]:y7⊂λ4yP:_urw≥H⊂7z4→y;tyYV⊂:4→P⊂24\2qz⊂≤2z:y≠⊂⊂4yH:0ur[↔⊂⊂⊂∃42P7[2εE6≠stw⊂∀('⊂4\P92z≥y72rλ4w⊂:~2P aKεEβ#bj'⊂fP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___≠ .P⊂!Pf&$P
___≠ εE⊗VKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂&gU"dP⊂⊂aV≡5≠q⊂7:[q2y∨βE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊃bj' SP aVβEεEεB*42P⊃bj' SP*jgH4yP:\rr⊂:≠P3rzλ:42P≠0vrP≠s⊂0w≡P57qλ7w⊂:~2P⊂9↑yz2vK⊂⊂ aCE9t7]v2⊂1[w:0t[⊂:42H7:vq→y⊂7sλ:42P~7q⊂;Z7yrP≠0vrP≡wzP;Zyt⊂:≠P5w7]W⊂⊂$YεE aH1ww:_tw9P≡2y7Vλ0P72Ypz4{→P⊂7:[q2y⊗λ7y⊂0[⊂4v6→spv⊂~7q⊂⊂≠:vq2\⊗⊂:4→wεE<[zy⊂⊂~7q⊂⊂~yP0y\zvrr ⊂⊂⊂*~2P⊂9Z|14zλ⊂70vYP7s⊂λ:42Pλ57q⊂λ9x2qZs4rrλ4yFE≤2z:y≠2r⊂4[⊂ aWβEβ)bj'⊂fP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M→nP⊂⊂`f&$H~→FE VVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVCE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∪gk"Pλ⊂ aV⊗↑9t|_4z⊂5≠q⊂70[r←.FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂)Qj' fH aVεBεEεE∃42P)Qj' fH*jgP~yP:yYr⊂:7H⊂1t0[3rP<[zy⊂5≠q⊂70[rP:7H:40zλ3t{2[⊂⊂4wλ:42FB aW⊂λ w<P~7q⊂7_vrP4\P62sXv↔εEβ)bj!T"⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___≠LnP⊂!Pf&$P
___≠LFE⊗VKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂&gU"P⊂⊂⊂aV-↑≠2{P8≤7z2q]4ww⊂_w2⊂1\2pz4[w⊂20]2←.FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂)Qj!i"λ aVεBεEεE∃42P)Qj!i"λ⊂*jgH4yP:\rr⊂⊂≥7P9r]⊂:42H⊂897]2qz4[w⊂0w→⊂1y2Xz4wwλ⊂20z→P7sεB2tz4→y⊂<w]y⊂67]ry⊂9Ysvrw≥⊂7y⊂≡wzy⊂≥x82yλ9rsvYw:↔⊂λ*42Pλ72{P≤97z2Xz4wwβE0w2λ1y2p]4ww⊂→0z2P_y2P:_urw⊂→97vP≥42P PP9x2Xts4rY⊂4w⊂≥42P*UgW⊂⊂∩s⊂0w≡FE7sλ14z9H⊂_⊗⊂ P⊂0w→⊂≠⊂∀
~~__ ⊗⊗_⊂λ14z9JP0y2H⊂7w2\V⊂:4→P⊂89≠z2qz~ww⊂0[2εE1\2pz4[w⊂20]2P7sλ<wzyλ:x82\⊂9rs[rw:⊂_y2P9Yz≥P7]42y;ZyrP:~2P89≠z2qz~wwεE_w2⊂⊂_y2pz~ww⊂2_z2P⊂≠s⊂⊂<[zy⊂6≠{ry⊂λ0y2Pλ9rz↔λ⊂!4z≤P⊂_≥∞⊂⊂9x→qts<H:42FB897z→qz4w[⊗⊂⊂1~z9P⊂ Y]→→H⊂:42H⊂:4vYP⊂7sλ⊂1y2Xz4wwλ⊂∀4wλ⊂6tw≥z2yP_s:2yβE6tr≠4st:
P⊂0w→⊂⊂14]9P⊂→
≥→ZPλ:42P→0z2Pλ7s⊂⊂_y2pz~ww⊂⊂
4w⊂⊂≤|yz2[P20z→FE37\6pz∀K⊂⊂!4]9P_⊗λ→P0w→⊂≠⊂∀
~~__ ⊗⊗_⊂_4z9TH0y2P≥:y72Y⊂7s3λ⊂12s≠y2P:~2FE8≤7z2q]4ww⊂~yP9z≠y2r↔λ⊂$s⊂_4z9Pλ_Y]→MP0y2H0v6⊂≡2y7Vλ:42Pλ1zy9→w:⊂:~vrFE_w2⊂2_z2P⊂≥tv6⊂_2P:yYr↔⊂⊂λ*42P≤97z2Xz4wwλ0w2⊂λ1y2p]4ww⊂→0z2Pλ0y2P≥yrrεB6ptw≠<P4wλ1ww5≥w1z4[w⊂;t]4⊂⊂6~w5tw→P:7P≠y⊂1y→pz4w→P0w⊂λ:x82\⊂9rs[rw:≥CE9rrH)rqz~ww⊂~H7w⊂:\82y⊂≤rsvr[:9WεBβ#bj(∀+⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂-gh∂X~≠Vλ b)≡M___XMnP⊂!Pf&$P
___XMFE⊗VKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVVVKVVFEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂&gU"P⊂⊂⊂aV-↑_wr2← ⊗≡57X⊂7:vX2y∨.CE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊃bj()∃⊂ aVβEεE⊂∂1wr2O⊂≡P_λ3rz9H:42P~7q∪yH qz4]2P89~{4v2YryWεB⊂≡1wY2←⊂≡H_P3r]9P:4→P57q yP(0\yt{2H894{~v2sr\WεE⊂∂1wr2O⊂≡P→λ3rz9H:42P~7q∪yH*2vx≠y0xαy privileges.
The GETPRV UUO is used to get a particular job's active, passive or
temporary privilege bits. AC right should contain the number of the
job whose privileges you want returned; a zero or illegal job number
will get you the privileges of your own job. AC left should contain
a code indicating which type of privilege bits you want returned for
the specified job. The types of privileges and their corresponding
codes are listed above.
A job's ACTIVE PRIVILEGES are those privileges currently enabled for
that job; these are the privileges that are checked when you attempt
to execute a privileged function. The PASSIVE PRIVILEGES are those
privileges which the job is always permitted to enable; these are the
privileges granted to the job's PPN and are normally all enabled
(turned on in the active privileges) when the job logs in. A job's
TEMPORARY PRIVILEGES are those which have been temporarily enabled
(turned on in the active privileges) by the system for the benefit of
the particular program currently running on that job; these
privileges are enabled by monitor commands that run various programs
and are automatically disabled by any MONITOR COMMANDS that attempt
to change the job's core image, disk PPN (alias), or I/O state. P !J~∃`&+7C?⊗ Keβπ∪'['f+∨↔Mε Mβ←.c1βπ~βS#∃πβπOOO3∃βC⊗K['3.;↔Mβ≡ 9β *β↔;π⊗c↔⊂4V∪e↓β&C∃β+}⊃m↓β&CWMβ
↓β+?∩β∂π9αβ∪'O∞∪3∃βO#M↓β&+7C?⊗ Ke↓πβK'[Nc↔∨↔~βπ;⊂hSK∃7.sπ 3*βS#↔jβ3πS/⊃β'S≡+3→↓GβK?[N#↔⊃β&C↔eβ∂∪∃βO&K31β'+K;↔"β?9βNqβS#(h++?∩;MβS.kC?K∂∪eβC⊗K['3.;↔M%ph(4*&C∃αN-"BJYααVV=ε∪↔3?o enable or disable privileges
(i.e., to turn them on or off in the active privileges). The various
privilege bitpε↓C]HAQQKSdA[KC9S]Of↓CeJA∃qaYC$β;↔⊃εK9βSF)↓βS∞∪3∃β⊗+3?]ph*S=π∪↔GW/≠QβC⊗K['3.;↔M1π≠↔∃β∞seβOO≠S↔5πβK?∨⊗ 77↔∩p4(4R↓↓↓α∀JRM↓αα>∞R a↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓∧rε6∃α↓↓↓↓¬αJ&ZLb⊗≡⊗"↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓∧zB⊗J
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r↓α↔π≡A↓β;/9βπ∂&K[∃βπ∪'['f+∨∃↓ε∪'Qβ⊗+GW↔∨#↔⊃↓π;'31ε∪∀4+?∪π;S.!β?;gIβ'→ε+'S#/⊃↓E%π##∃βv+]βC⊗K['3.;∃β O!β←πw#↔⊃βO→β?9αβ'9βN{WH4WβπOOO3∃↓β␈⊃↓βS.kC?K∂∪e↓βπ∪'['f+∨↔Mb↓β?Iα↓I%βN{U↓β∨+KK↔w#3e↓εCπ[∃αβS#∀hSCK'6K3↔∨*↓βCKO3'3↔>)↓↓↓F∪'Q↓β↓57SF)↓↓Qβ↓AAAbaA↓↓ε∪'Q5o∪↔CK/≠↔;S~↓βS#(h+CKO3'3↔>)↓βC⊗K['3.;∃%1αβ?I↓β→%α*∃"NRMαβ';∪N≠πS↔~↓βS#∂!↓βg␈)↓↓β∂∪∃↓β∞p4+π≡≠?W;&K;≥βπ∪?∨K∞iβ←'&Aα*ε≤~QβO/!9↓αF{←↔[/⊃1βSF)βOg∨#↔5β>K31↓ε∪∃β∨f ⊂4+&y↓β∪O≠π 3*↓↓βπwI↓βC⊗K['3.;↔M↓αβg?Uαβ;=↓αβ3?;>+I↓β> ;Q9α↓↓αWv#↔I↓ε ;d4V≠'K∂.kOSπv≠↔M1π##∃β⊗+OW3& ;Q↓π≠↔SSNs∨Mβ}1βg?/⊃βπ∂&K[∃↓πβK'[Nc↔∨∃ε∪'SLhQ#%;*q1↓βN{WIβ∨+KK↔w#3e7.sπ 3.!↓βC⊗K['3.;↔M%π;'31αβ ∃β⊗+SWKv+⊃↓βNqαε
ph*S#*β[πKus privilege bits and their meanings are explained in the
table above. To request privileges, see any system programmer.
WHO [OP=047, ADR=400112] CALLI 400112
-------------------------------------------,αZZ4ZX¬4hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓αlzZ∃α →2msV{ β;.k ↔Iε{I↓Aε{I↓5 q12ε%∩t4)α↓↓↓↓α↓α↑"z↓αε
`h(4* "Ii↓α↓↓qI∩k←?K"β 3?≡Yx4(hP4*SF)α↑"zαVV=εKMβW≡+⊃βSzβ∨↔QαβS#∃π;#0≡M≥f*ε|dε∞w∀
&}∩
}"ε}d∧π&FT∞7O∨L]Rph(_2π⊗≤⎇π"π=
w.fD 6}wL≥⊗rπM Rαε≤LG⊗/>4ε}2 ∀β∪∩↑⎇w⊂ λ_[
|zh~-dλ≥z
≤zλ≥
#"]m
{~;LT≥z;
D_Y(∞ 2z:y≠2r⊂0\P⊂0wλ iadV⊂9z9~w3P∀→w24w→P;tz~⊂⊂0P_py8αiage
return, linefeed, and one to five nulls to fill out the last wor↓HR\4∃βεA1KMhAMQ←kY⊂AG←]QCS\A∃SiQKHAiQJ↓]k[E∃dA←L↓iQJA)←DAo!←gJ@↓oQ←Y%]JASL~∃IKMSeKH0A←dAiKe↑AQ↑@AO∃hAiQ∀AoQ←1S]JA=L@As=kdA←]\AU←λXA←dABA]∃OCiSYJ~∃]U[EKd↓i↑@A≥KhAi!JAgsMiKZ@↓oQ←Y%]J\@↓∪LAβ @AYK→hAG←9iCS]L@AC\↓SYYK≥CX~∃A←gSi%mJAU=DA]k5EKdX↓iQK\↓iQJ@↓oQ←Y%]JAM=dAs←UdA←o8AU←DASfAIKike9KH\~)∪LAβ AYKMPAG←]QCS]f↓BAYK≥CXAU=DA]k5EKdA khAi!KeJA%fA]↑↓U←D@↓oSiP↓iQCh4∃]k[ KdXAQQK\AQQJA]UYXAgQeS]N↓SfAe∃ike]∃H\~∀→'→ Y _@@@@@@@A7∨@z`hn0Aβ $th```Pi:@A
β→→∩h```Ph~∀Z4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZ~(@@@@@@A≠=-
@@↓βεY7¬ $XXqU←DA9k[EKH⎇:~∀@@@@@A'→∃- _A¬εX~∀@@@@@@yg∃emSG∀[YKm∃X[[←9Si←d5←]Yr↓Kee←HAeKiUe\|~(~∃β Ht@@@ygKeYSGJA1KmKX↓G←ghP`X@DXA←ddR|X1≥¬$~(@@@@@@@y Y←GV↓←LA≥ $Ao←IIfA←_AgKeYSGJA1KmKX↓iCEY∀|~∀~(~∃)Q∀A'→ Y _A+U≡ASf↓kgKH↓i↑AM%]HA←UhABA)←DOf↓Gkee∃]hAg∃emSG∀AYKm∃X\@A¬ε~∃g!←kYH↓G←]i¬S\Ai!JA]k5EKdA=LAiQ∀AU←D↓oQ←g∀AgKeYSGJA1KmKX↓s←j@↓oC]h↓i↑~∃-]←nv↓BAuKI↑@AU=DA]k5EKdA5KC]f↓s←kdA←o\↓U←D\A)QJ↓gKem%GJ@A1KmKXQS\~)aKeG∃]hRA=LAiQ∀@AU←λAS]I%GCiK⊂AoSY0AEJ@↓eKikI]KHA%\AiQ∀AYKMP@AQC1LA←L4∃βεv↓iQJAISOQhAQCY_AoSY0AG←]QCS\AQQJ@A)←DA]U[EKd8@A∪L↓s←j@↓gaKG%MrAC8~∃SY1KOCX↓U←DA9k[EKHA←iQ∃dAiQ¬\@@ZDXAuKI↑AoS1XAEJ↓eKikI]KHA%\@Aβ \@Aβ⊃$~∃SLASO]=eKHAU]YKgLAiQJ↓U←DA9k[EKHASf@4b\~∀4∃∪LAQQJAU=DA]k5EKdA%f@Zb↓C]HAe←jAQ¬mJAi!JA''0AaeSYSYKO∀@QR]∀\XAs=jACe∀~∃iQ∀@AgKImSGJ↓YKmK0@A[←9Si←d$X@Ai!K\Ai!Sf@AU+≡Ao%YX@AMKh@AQQJAgegiKZ≥f~∃g∃emSG∀AYKm∃X@Ae∃gKem¬iS←\↓iCEY∀@AC]⊂AgWS@ASL@↓ShASL@Agk
GKgg→kX\@↓∪\~∃QQSfA
CgJX↓βε@A1KMhAMQ←kY⊂Aa←S9hAi↑ABAE1←GVA]Q←gJ↓MSegP@Ao←IHAgQ=kYH~)G←]i¬S\Ai!JAG←IJAG←MhA←L↓gKem%GJ@A1KmKXQoQS
PAgQ=kYHA J@`XbX@A=d@dR4∃S\@↓SifA1KMh@↓QCYL↓C]H@↓iQJA9k[EKH@A←L↓o←eIL@A←L↓gKem%GJ@A1KmKX↓iCEY∀~∃M←1Y←oS9N@AS8ASifAeSO!hAQC1L\@@↓ CGP↓o←eHA←LAQQJ@A→←YY←]S]NAMKemS
J~∃Y∃mKXAQCEYJ↓gQ←k1HAQCYJAiQ∀AM←e5Cht~(@@@@qgKem%GJAY∃mKXA→eCGi%←\|X0yae←≥eC[[∃dA]C5J|~∃]QKeJ↓B@yg∃emSG∀AYKm∃XAMe¬GiS←8|A←LbXX`↓o←kY⊂AEJ@D``J\4∀→%→ Y _@@@@@@@A7∨@z`hn0Aβ $th```Ti:@A
β→→∩h```Th~∀Z4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZ~(@@@@@@A≠=- ∩@↓βεXyAe←Oe¬[[Kd↓]C[Jx~∀@@@@@@↓%→ -∃_Aβε0~∀~∀4∃)QJ↓%→ -∃_A++<ASfAUgKHAQ↑AMS9HA←kPAQ←n↓[kGP↓gKem%GJAY∃mKXA%fAeKMKemK⊂~∃M←HAiQJAGkeIK]hA!←kd@↓ErAB↓aCei%GkYCH@Akg∃d\@AQQJ@AUgKdOLAae←≥eC[[∃d~∃]¬[JAg!←kYH↓EJAgAKGSM%KHAS8AβεAISOQhlAiQJ↓gKem%GJAY∃mKX@QS\AAKeGK9hR~∃%fAeKQke]K⊂AS\A¬εAYK→h\@A¬εAeS≥QhASLAk]G!C]OK⊂AErAQQSfAU+≡Ak9YKgf↓iQJ~)dβ↔O/∪[↔⊃π≠↔K[N≠∃β3/3↔1βO→βk↔⊗y1β'rβ←#'≡Aβ∂π≡)βk↔⊗yβ'Mπ∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃βNqβS#(h+←#}c∃αε~q↓αSF)β?KN;';πbβ[π3.)β?→∧
β3.3Qβ'~β'∨;␈∪↔⊃β↔IβS#O→αVVzp4(1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓Ys→↓α3}{/';:βπQβ&C∃α7}s'S?⊂h(4(hR#↔K*βπK∃π≠?7∃¬*V?Mπ+O↔⊃π#=β↔F 7';*β[πKN{WMβε KSMε{→βSF)β7?vKS?Iph(2:εl*&9↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓uAQ:aαε∩∪iQAAβ!Nu↓∧~ε22J↓QAAβ!L4)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓αlzZ∃↓ααε
2[cO'c⊗KQβ+}⊃β;πn)zt4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓α: j⊗&9∧
04R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓s/∪K?Iπ∪↔SW⊗q↓5β≡{∪∃βNqαε
ph(4(hRS#∃∧rε6⊗Lq↓αV,yβ'Mπ+O↔⊃αβS=β&+S↔KnK;∃↓εK→βSF+K∃β∂∪∃↓β∞seβ+}∪M↓βNqβS#(h+Og∨#↔5β>KS!β
↓βCπ↔#'∂Wf Iβ+}⊃β;πn)9↓α →↓βOF{W3⊃ε≠?;S∞K9βSF)↓β+}⊃β;πn(4+g␈)βπK*β';S/∪↔OS.!↓β'rq↓α'2βS#↔⊗)β'Mαβ↔cπ∨#3eβ}s∃β+}⊃β←'&A↓βSF)β∨'6+84+v 7∃1π##∃β≡['A↓αCOW∂≡+OM%π∪↔SW⊗qβ'Mπ#π/↔r↓βπ;"βS#∃εS? βw+7 ↔∩↓β?→π##∀4VS? β>KS!↓π##πQεsπ7∃αβ'Mβ⊗+SWKv+⊃↓βNqβS#*↓αε
r↓α?SF+K←'≡)1↓β&C∃β∪O∪↔∂PhQ#↔K⊗{I%β⊗+SWKrβ'M↓π#π/↔rβπ;⊃ε ↓β∂}#∃β'ned in AC; a code of 1
means that there is no job with the given name, and a code of 3 means
that there are two or more jobs with that name.
JBTSTS [OP=047, ADR=400013] CALLI 400013
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<job number>
JBTSTS AC,
The JBTSTS UUO is used to get from the system the job status word for
a particular job. AC should contain the number of the job of
interest, where zero means your own job. The table below gives the
meanings of some of the bits in this word.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF 1'S IN THE JOB
STATUS WORD
0 400000,,0 RUN The job is runnable, though it
may be in a wait state of some
kind. This bit gets turned
off by typing control-C,
giving the EXIT UUO, or
hitting some kind of error.
1 200000,,0 CMWB The job is waiting to be
swapped in to service a
monitor command.
2 100000,,0 JACCT LOGIN or LOGOUT is running;
any control-C's typed at this
time will be turned into
altmodes.
3 40000,,0 JNA A job number has been assigned
to this job.
4 20000,,0 JERR The job has hit an error and
cannot be continued.
5 10000,,0 JLOG The job is successfully logged
in. System phantom jobs (see
the WAKEME UUO on page 256)
run with this bit off as do
temporary jobs
(project-programmer name of
100,100) started up bp∩↓[←]SQ←d~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A
←[[C9If@Q1SWJA]⊃≡R@↓iQCh↓]KKH4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ABAU=DAEkPAoQS
PAI↑↓]←hAIKckSIJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@As=j@Ai<AEJ@↓Y←OO∃HAS\8@@Aα↓U←D~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓oSiP↓iQJA)→∨∞A ShA←→L@Ao%YXAE∀~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AWS1YKH@↓SL@A∧@A[←9Si←d↓G←[[¬]H~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A1S]J@↓Sf@AQsaKH↓i↑@A%hX@A%LASh4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AKqSQfXA←HASLA%hAQSQf@AC8AKe`⊗{H4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓β∨+∂!↓ε M↓β∞q↓↓βNc3↔∨∞a↓β7.k?KdhQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβHε.l↑&.v<Tααε}$ααπ ≡&O'∀∧ε/↔-} hR∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∞⎇ε.r∧
↔"ε≡4αεv}Dαε.l≤&f.D f␈⊂Q$ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ ∀dj∧
w∩∧→jE∧
$∧εNwL↑'↔/∞N2Jε}!PRα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧αε∞d
⊗ff\|⊗b¬ZYrph!Q"αα∧εbαα∧∧αβ#εεαbc∧∧ααα∧∧¬≤Dd∧ααα∧∧¬&FT∧εV}$∧εO~∧ 7/↔,]g&g∀∧ε⊗.≥lphR∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααπ=∞V66L\BεNd 6␈⊗UaPPh$∧ααβt∧ααα∧ε#ββ¬ECαα∧∧ααα
:uαα∧∧ααα
↓~ T~[xD
<h≤n|<≤→,D≠⎇=¬a"C"D∧λλ∞∧∧λλλ∧ε, ¬E λλ∧∧λλλ *q1h∧∧λλλ
M→(λ
-xHλ
≡hλ≤L\;≠≡$∧_;H∞↑≤→<AQHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧≤y9m\;] AQC"H∧∧λ∞(∧∧λλλεF ε∧λλλ∧∧λλ⊂iItHλ∧∧λλ∃
(λ~M|H~_.4λ_(∧ {≠xm4≤Y<.\<⎇β!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧
;KC!!"Hλ∧∧ ,∞F⊗λλ fv ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ∃u X4rh∧∧λ∃~
≡h→Z,]→λ≥m≥≠λ_LT≠[{E←Y<[d
9C"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∞M→(~M|H~<d∞<z;Lt_(λ L8⎇_. (≠|AQHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧≠89ml=~8d∧≥_< T_;Y∧∧~<h∞|:=~-lc"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ→M}H≥~ T→→=M≤y)|d {{]∞-{≠→.$≠|C!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∞~→( L=_( ={]≤M⎇≠→<EDλ≥z
≤zλ~.1"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ≥<l\λ_↑$ [⎇~∧∞~→(∧ →8⎇ ≡→<h ≥Yβ"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∞M→(≠,≤h≥_. <kC!!"Hλ∧∧ -(∧∧λλ
¬E λλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ
≥-n<y9¬⊃"C"D∧λλ &dλλλ∧εK ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ )∪⊃∩)dλλλ
M→(~M|H≤z
};→λ
m⎇λλ ,(≤⎇l≡≤→9↓QHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧≠⎇=∧¬_]=∧
8>( ,(≤z∞\Y[→,E+C"AQHλλ∧ε-hλ∧∧λ +¬Fλλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧∩Ut∧∧λλλ∧∧∃~~.4λ≥<∞ <Hλ∞<9{9-nλλ~.4≥|Z.L#"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ≤∞-⎇→8nL9 H∧∧λ∃~
≡hλλ∧ Z=λ∧∧~<c!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧
98;M≥Yy]-Dλ≠{MO(~9D∧_Z=∧∧∞λ~.1"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ≠{ED≥~_.D~<k∧
{[≡$
9Hλ∞M~<h
-xC"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ
≡h_;D∞<≤→.$≤y9m\;] AQC"H∧∧λ .∧∧λλλε¬
εε λ∧∧λλ∀h~RQ⊂$∧λλ∃
(~[l$→_= ∀_<Y,∀~<h∧∞x=Y,D~;C!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧ PU∀λI C"AQHλλ∧ε.(λ∧∧λ ¬FL εελλλ∧∧∃r4λYQλλ∧∧λP(∧εL λ∧∞Y<⎇ ≡]λλ
<h~ ≡≤→;L\β"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ_-lλλ~M|Hλλ∞|<hλ
⎇Hλλ M<zh∧ ;Yβ!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧ {⎇; MI⎇λ |=λ≥m≡→9 D!"C"D∧λλ F∧λλλ∧ε &ε ∧∧λλλ )∪prd∧λλλ
M→(~M|Hλ~.4≠≠xm<9λ~-dλ_{n,(_↑!QHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧≥~→$ ∪prd
53nd∞y9(∞ 9y(ε&. C!!"Hλ∧∧ L(∧∧λλ ¬E
εελλλ∧∧λ∀qλX1∩3D∧λ∃~ T_{|LT→→8,M≠xzd →=→,>≠|H
<c"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ ∀_{≠l=h≤Y.≡9<⎇∧
;KC!!"Hλ∧∧ LH∧∧λλ ¬E L εελλλ∧∧λ∀qλX1 (∧∧λ⊃→,≤≠≠xm4λλλ ={Y~.M;{H∧∧λ≤⎇
≥≠β"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ ←~<⎇∞4~9H
8⊃01 →H≤⎇
≥≠λ≤l↑ C"AQHλλ∧εLhλ∧∧λ ¬F, ε∧λλλ∧∧⊃PR)jλλλ∧∧∃~→$∧~[xD∧λ~_.4λ_(∧∧→X<nDλ_X-lβ"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ≥∞,;\yL↑Hλ~-dλλ≤∞-y|Y.>kHλ∧
y9#!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧
y8⎇
≥{H &¬C"C!$λλλε&λλλ∧∧ εF λ∧∧λλλ∧λPQ4J∧λλλ∧
~→(∧
[xH
9λλ ≥H→<N-|Hλ
⎇H≥~ Q"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ≠_.>λ→X.>λ_X-lλλ≥∞,;\yL↑KHλ
<9#"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ
<8⎇~-⎇H ,¬a"C"D∧λλ FTλλλ∧ε Fε λλ∧∧λλλλhRUu∧∧λλλ
M→(λ
-xHλ
≡hλ≥l≥=~;Ltλ→[n$≥~→!QHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧≠_<nDλ→X.>λλ_L≥Yλλ∞NX;\ll<Hλ∞Mc"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ→M≥Z<z¬a"C"D∧λλ FgLN(∧ε &v λλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ¬∞;]<l\
#"AQHλλ∧εl∞LfTλ ¬Fmhλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧∩[xD
];8L↑H≠yD∞~~<d
[xIn4≥<≤ ↑C"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ≤l\{9;NEλ~9D ;↑.d∞~~<d Z9; D~<c!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∂ if the job has no upper.
SWITCH [OP=047, ADR=20] CALLI 20
--------------------------------------------------
SWITCH AC,
The SWITCH UUO returns in AC the current setting of the PDP-10
console data switches.
CALLIT [OP=047, ADR=400074] CALLI 400074
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<UUO opcode, CALLI number or UUO mnemonic>]
CALLIT AC,
The CALLIT UUO is used to find out the opcode corresponding to a
given UUO mnemonic or to find out the mnemonic for a UUO opcode or
CALLI number. AC should contain the opcode, CALLI number or sixbit
mnemonic of the UUO you are intererβiKH↓S\\@↓)QJAIKgkYPASfAIKike9KHAS8~∃βεhAM←d↓++≡@↓[]K[=]SGf0AiQJ↓←aG←⊃JASfAeKiUe]KHQR]J8XAB@↓MkYXfl[E%h~∃S9giek
iS←\↓S]GYUIS]N↓eKYKYC]hA¬εA←d↓CIIe∃gfAM%KYIf$vAM←HA++≡↓←aG←⊃Kf~∃QQJA[=ghAgAKGSM%FAgSaEShA5]K[←9SFASLAeKiUe]KHQJ]N8XA←a
←IJ@@jb``@XX`~)eKikI]f@O%≥π⊃%\NAC]⊂@`jb@h`XX@AeKiUe]f@≥∨+)π!$NRX↓k]YKMfAESP@bn@ bXX`4∃ESh$AoCf↓←\A←ISOS]¬YYrA%\AiQ∀AβεX↓S\Ao!SGPA
CgJAQQJ@A≥K]Ke%FA[]∃[←]S ~∃SfAeKiUe]KHQJ]N8X@A←AG←IJ@`jb@`bXX@AeKiUe]f@O))3U+≡NRl@AM←HAπβ→1∩~∃]U[EKeLXAiQ∀@AgSaEShA
β→_A9C[J@↓SfAe∃ike]∃H@QJ9N\X@`XXh@```f↓eKikI]f~∀≥'!π/≥≡NR\@A∪LAiQJAOSm∃\@A[9K[←]%FX@A=aG←I∀@A←dAπβ→1∩@A]U[EKdASf~)k]IK→S]KH0AuKe<ASfAIKike9KH\~(~∃)Q%fA++<Ao←e-fAEr↓MSegP@AGQ∃GWS]≤AESiL@bftDl@PfXXX`A SifR↓S\@AQQJAβ \~∃∪_AiQKMJAESQfACe∀ACYX↓uKe↑0@AiQ∀ACeOU[K]h↓SfACMgk[K⊂Ai↑A J@AC8A←aG=IJ~∃U]YKgLAShA%f@O∪8NXAo!SGPA%f@AQ¬]IYK⊂ACfA∧AgaK
SCXA
CgJAQ↑@Ae∃ike\↓iQJ~)G←ee∃GhAe∃gkYhl@ASL↓C]rA=L@AE%if@bLtblA%f@A]=\[uKI↑XAi!J@ACIOk[K9hASf4∃CggU[KH@↓i↑@A JAB@↓gSqE%h@A[9K[←]%F\@A¬YX@A%eeKY∃mC]hAMSK1If@A%\AiQ∀~∃Ce≥k[K]PA[kgPAEJAiKe↑AQ↑ACm=SHAG=]Mkg%←\\~(→' )A$d@@@@@@@A7∨@z`hn0Aβ $th```Te:@A
β→→∩h```Td~∀Z4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZ~(@@@@@@A≠=-
@@↓βεY6qae←hxXXye∃Y←F⎇t~∀@@@@@@↓' )!HdAβε0~∀@@@@@@yKee=dAeKQke\|4∀~∀Q1←nA←IIKdA ShA←_@yae=h|A←8A[KC9fAoe%iJAaI←iKGP@EkaAKdAg∃O[K]PvD~∃1←nA←IIKdA ShA←_@yeK1←F|A=\A[K¬]f@yIKY←FxASfA%\AeK1CiSm∀A[←I∀\R~∀4∀~∃)!J@A'∃)!$d↓++≡@↓gKif↓s←kdAgKG=]HAaI←iKGQS←\←IKY←G¬iS←\AeKO%giKd↓S\~∃=eIKd↓i↑Ag%[kYCQJAiQ∀Aa←gMKggS=\A←L↓C\AkAaKdAMKO[K9h\@AQQKeJACeJ↓io↑~)akea=gKfA→←dAI=S]N@↓iQSfhAiQJ↓MSegP@ASf↓i↑AC1Y←n@↓s←jAQ↑AY←=V@ACPAC]r4∃aCePA←L@↓G←eJ0AaCeQSGkY¬eYrA¬h@Ai!JA[←9Si←d0AKMM%GSK]QYrv@↓iQJAMKG←]⊂~∃akIa←gJ↓SfAi<AK]C YJAs=kdAU=D@Ai<ACIIIKgfAACehA=LAs←UdAG←IJ@AS5COJA¬f~∃S_AShA]KeJA%\AC\↓kaaKHAgKO5K]h@!CIIe∃ggKf↓←mKdh```@`RAKYK\Ai!←kOP↓Sh~∃%g\Oh8@A)Q∀AiCE1J@AS8Aβaa∃]ISpfAiK1Yf@A]QKeJ↓S\Ai!JA[←9Si←dAs←j↓GC\~)MS]H↓mCeS=kfAS9iKeKMiS]N↓aSKG∃f@A←_AgsgQKZAS9M←e[¬iS←\↓oQSG @As←TAGC\4∃CGG∃gfAEdAkgS9NAiQ%fA++<\~∀~)≥∨)
hAβ]r↓CiiC
QKH@↓kaaKHAgKO5K]h@!eKCXA←dAMS[kY¬iKHR↓iQChAs←j↓QCmJ4∃oSY0@AEJ↓WSYY∃H@Ao!K\As=j@AO%mJ@AQQSfAU+≡\@A'KJ↓'KGi%←\@@T@A←\↓kaaKH~∃gK≥[K]iL\@Aβ1g↑XA ←iPAQQJA%∃' (AU+≡@QMKJAa¬OJ@dT`RAC9HAiQ∀A )M ∞A+U≡~∀QMKJAa¬OJ@bThRAk9I↑Ai!JAKM→KGhA=LA' Q!$d\4∀~∃βP@AiQ∀@AiS5J@Ai!Sf@AU+≡@A%f@AG¬YYKH0@AβεAeSO!h@Ag!←kYHAG←]QCS\AQQJ~∃IKY←G¬iS←\As←jAoSg Ai↑@↓gS[k1CiJ@↓C]HA¬ε@AY∃Mh@AMQ←kY⊂@AG←9iCS\↓iQJ~)ae←i∃GiS←8As←j↓oSgP↓i↑Ag%[kYCQJACf↓C\AkAaKdAMKO[K9h\@A→keiQ∃e[←e∀XASL4∃iQJ↓Y←n@↓←eIKHAEShA←LA¬ε@AY∃Mh@Q Sh@@DnZ[i!J@bX0`@AE%hRASL@A←\0As←kH~∀EkAaKdAMKO[K9hDAo%YXAE∀AoeSQJAae=iKGi∃HvAC9HASL↓iQJA1←nA←IIKd@↓EShA=L~∃β AeSO!h@QE%h@fj4[iQJ`XXb↓EShR↓SfA←8XAiQ∀AeKY=GCiS=\@AgAKGSM%KHAo%YX~∃ J@ACMgk[K⊂@AeK1CiSm∀Ai↑@↓s←kdAG←e∀AS[C≥JZ[i!Ch@A%fX@Ae←kd@↓←o\AQekJ~)eKY←
CiS←8AG←]MiC]h↓oSYXAEJA¬IIKH↓S\@AQ↑@ye∃Y←F|↓EKM←IJ@Ag∃iiS]≤AiQJ4∃gKG=]H@AAe←h←IKY←F↓eKOSMiKdZ5C]H@↓E←iPAiQJyeKY=F|@A¬]H@@qae←hxA[kgP~∃sS∃YHAC⊃IeKgMKfAS8As←kHAG←e∀AS[C≥J\@AUa←\AMkGGKMfXAi!SfA+U≡AiC-KfAi!J~∃g-S`@AIKike8v@AS_@As←Ud@Ae∃ckKgP@Aga∃GSMS
CiS←9f@ACIJ@AS5a←gg%EYJ@↓i↑~∃MCiSg→rXAi!K\Ai!JAISIKGh@!Kee←HRAeKQke\A%fAiC-K\\~(~∃∪LAs←jAOSm∀@AC\ACEg=YkiJ@yeK1←F|A¬]H@Ae←j@A⊃↑@A]=h@AQ¬mJ@AQQJAβ
.~∃aISmSY∃OJX@↓s←kd@@EkAaKd@↓gKO[∃]hD@AoSY0@ACkQ←[Ci%GCYYd@@AE∀@Aoe%iJ~∃Ae←iK
iKH\A
S]¬YYrX↓iQJAMsgiK4AoSY0ACIUUghAi!JAmC1kKfAe←jAgAKGSMdAS\~)βεAi<@@c⊗↓E←k]⊃CeSKLv@AM=d@ye∃Y←F|AiQJ↓Y←n@↓←eIKH@zb`AESiL@P`X0bnnn4∃ESiLR@Ao%YXAE∀@AikI]KHA=MLX@↓C]HA→←d@@qae←hxAiQJAY←n↓←eIKH@@zb@AESiL~∀Pb\nnXX@AESiLR@Ao%YXAE∀Aike9KH@A=\\@AQQkfX↓B@@yAe←h|↓←L@hLdb@A]SYXA J~∃[¬IJAS9i↑@j\nnXA¬]H@A∧@yeK1←F|A=L@fdD`@Ao%YXAE∀A[CI∀AS]i<@@d`@`XAo%iP~∃¬YXAi!SfAQ¬aaK]%]NAC→iKdAQQJ@AMsgiK4AQCf↓iCWK8A]←i∀A←LAQQJ@A1←nA←IIKd~)ESif↓←LAE=iPAβ AYKMPAC]H↓βεAe%OQh\4∀~∃≥=nX@A%LAs←T@Agi%YXAI=\Oh@↓k]IKIgiC]⊂@QC]⊂@AKm∃\ASLAs←j↓I↑RXAYKh↓[J~∃∃qaYC%\AMkIiQKd8@A'kAa←gJAs←j↓oSgP↓i↑@A1←←VA¬hAGKIiCS\AY←G¬iS←]LAS\~)iQJA5←]Si=d@@Q→←dAo!CiKm∃dAeK¬g←\R8@@A3=jAGC8AkgJAiQSLA++≡A←]G∀AC]H4∃iQK8AI↑AMS[aY∀A≠∨-∃f@Q←HAiQK%dAKcUSmCY∃]hRAQ↑AOKPAiQJ↓S]M←I[CiS=\As←T~∃oC9h\@A→←dAS9giC]
JXAS_As←j↓o←kY⊂AYSW∀Ai↑AAkhAS9i↑Aβ AoQCQKmKdASfA%\~∃i!J@AgegiKZAChA∃1 ε@↓Y←GCQS←\@dd`X↓s←j@↓GC\@↓KqKGUiJ@AQQJAM=YY←o%]N~∃MKckK9GJA←_AS]gQekGi%←]f\4∀~∀@@@@@A≠∨-M∩@@A¬εbXf\nnnn@@@@vyeK1←F|@t@`X@qae←hx@z@f\nnnn4∀@@@@@@AETPR2 AC1, ;make the first 128K of core
; into your "upper segment"
HALT ;halt on error return
...
MOVE AC,400220 ;get whatever is in EXEC 220
...
The relative mode use of this UUO allows you to write code as if it
were going to run as a second segment, and then to execute it without
making it into a second segment, provided you have used this UUO with
the relative mode bit set. You could even do overlays bp∩↓dβ↔π&K;≤4V ;?SF+IβCN+∂∃β}1β∂?&)1βπg≠=β←⊗KSS↔rβS=β↔+9βπ~β¬βO.≠?;⊃αβO↔∨n+;Q1εK;S<hSS#∃αβOπ7*↓βC3∞≠∃9↓ααS#∃αβ πO*βπ∪∪⊗+OM↓ε{→↓β&C∃↓β≡+∂?;"↓βO↔>k↔;Qε≠?∪∃`h+#?>+[↔IbβO#?.c⊃β *β?9β
↓↓F-ε∪?W;& Keβ␈⊃βg?*β7'∨G!β∨↔"↓β∂?v3WO↔"βπ ?/ 4+←F Qβ'~β#πCε+;';:p4(2≡⊗%αII↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓uAQ:aαε∩∪iQAAβ)Nu↓∧~ε22J↓QAAβ)L4)ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji554hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓α<*RBI∩αε
0hP4(4U##∃α<*RBI∩↓αVVzβ'M↓π+O↔⊃π#=β≠/#∂!↓π##∃βπ∪?S↔∨#'?9␈∪↔3?≡ S'?r↓β?→πK?WHhSO'7.cπS↔"βWCC/⊃βO↔>k↔;Qr↓αS#*βCK?&+∂S'}qβ'Mπ∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃βNqβS#*β3↔≠"β#π30h+?→∧
m↓ε∪'Q↓ 9↓!EbaA↓β⊗KQ%βO→β?9αβ'→β∞≠∂↔O~βS=↓π##∃β≡+∨7↔w!↓β'~β←K'&(4+C⊗{S↔∂&+⊃9↓¬##∃β⊗+3?∂∂#'?9εKMβK/#WK;.!↓β'rβS#∃π∪'∨#"β#π32β?→↓∧
mβ⊗KP4)≠)↓↓!αa1Eβ⊗KQ%↓εKMβ?r↓β'→π##∃↓π∪↔3?≡ S'?rβ'M↓εK9βK.cπS'6)↓β7}#∃9↓¬≠↔∀4U~⊗RB∪⊃βπ ␈3∃β≠␈⊃βπ9ε+cC3∞sπS'}qβ?→π≠'7Wf S↔⊃π+CC↔∩βO↔∨n+;SMph(4*N1βg?*β∪=βv{Q↓βF [∃β
βO'7.cπS↔"βO↔∂}s⊃↓β≡+∨7↔w!βπQπ##∃β&K7∃↓πK?Uβ≡ 304W##'M¬*V=↓F3?Iβ/Cπ7Cf)1β'2βg?UεCπ[∃ε βK↔∞aβO↔≡{;⊃β≡+∨7↔w!%1↓π##↔9πS↔K<hS'Mβ⊗+SWKv+⊃β'rαε
8hP2B⊗,Y↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓uAQ:aαε∩∪iMNuαα∞ε2dI↓MLhQ555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555jh4)↓α↓↓↓↓αα6>Z,Iαε
ccπ O}cWS∃ε ∪∪K/≠Mβg␈)β←πw!βS=εc??-ε Qx4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓αB,*-↓α →04(hP4*SF)αB⊗,YαVVzβ'Mβ/≠↔⊃β&yβ∨↔"βS#∃ε≠?;S.sSMβ}1βπ;Jβπ O}cWS∃αβ3?∂∂#'?9εK84+n+7?KJq↓αε~βO#?.c⊃β∂}sSπ'rβS#∃ε O?g+S∃β∞#∪K↔∨→βg?*β←'OB↓βS=ε+cπ7Ns∃84U##∃β≡{;S↔w#M↓β}1βS#∂!↓βπ&#K↔O~β←'3b↓β ∃π∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃↓εK9αε~q↓↓α∂βC↔;&Ka↓LhSS↔3g→β←#/∪∃βg␈)β∂πr↓β≠'v!βO?n)β';&+K↔O&K;≥β∨KOS↔jβ';≠␈∪7πSN{9↓βNqβS#(h+7?vKS?Iph(4*&C'M↓¬*V=βF M↓β⊗+↔9↓εcπK∨.ceβK/β3π∂.!↓β JβS#∃ααN⊗R¬⊃I↓α-*=↓#/CC3πNs↔⊂4V ?[*I1β←FK∂!↓εkπ/↔~β↔cπnK;';:↓β7↔n{Keβ␈+SO'&)↓βg␈+Iβ∂␈∪∃↓βNkπ∨∃εkW∂ hS7?K*↓β↔≠6K∂'↔w!9↓αF{←↔[/⊃1↓βN1βg?*↓β#π6)βπ9αβWCC/⊃βO↔>k↔;Qb↓βg?*β7WO h+∪↔& ∂!βO!βS=π+O∃β&C∃αN-"BII¬*V=β↔+Qβ;␈!βS=π+O∃β&C∃αB,*-αV,y84(1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓¬~⊗∞RLz9↓]jj&:R-⊃6*>∩α6ε&bαNfN$*44(hP4*SF)β';&+I7+}⊃↓β7∞K1βOO≠S↔5αβCK?6K∪↔⊃ε∪eβSF)↓β7}s'S?∩βπ33␈;M↓↓k→Iβ←␈∪⊂4+f+SS↔↔→βS=αβ ∃βε OO↔"↓β ↔';↔↔9εS? Mr↓α↔π≡A↓β+}⊃β'9αβS#∃π≠gOS.i↓β#∂→β∧4Vkπ'3⊗{aβ←FK∂!β≡ 9β#}c⊃β↔F ∂S3Jβ?;∃βiMIβ>{K⊃βf+SS↔∩q↓α≠␈⊃β¬↓εc↔SS/⊃βS<hS ∃β≡+;Q1π##∃β≡+;∪'v9β+?∩β'∪↔w#'≠'/→βS#*β∪↔O&K;πSN{9β+}⊃β eε+'S#/⊃βS#(h++?∩β;W7⊗+I↓β␈⊃βS#*↓βO'F∪'QβV{ β;∞k∃9↓ααS#'~β∂πW≡+M↓β&C∃β3/#S↔IαβS=β⊗(4+Cf ∂↔⊃εK9βSF)β7πNc ?aε{→↓β&C∃β∪/≠S';∂#'?9εS? 1π;#=β≡ 9βSF+9↓β& /∃β&C∀4+f+SS↔∩β?WQε{→β#O→β?←rβ7π'f∪?a↓FI;∃9bβK↔∂.K[∃β&C∃β3/#S↔IJ↓β←#.s↔[↔∩β#∀4W;π;S~q↓α←FK3∃↓ε β+?∩;Mβ7∞K3 ?B↓β'Mε3W31αC#?3&K;≥↓ε β3↔'#↔I↓εC∃β#∂≠9∨PhSK↔π"βg↔QJaβ;=ε{;∃β≡ 9βO.s⊃βSF Qβ+}⊃β¬βf+SS↔∩p4(4Tr>R∃RαS#∃ααJ⊗N-!αVVz↓↓#O.)βCπ>)↓IUαI↓β←Nc1β∂∂+O∃↓ε ;eβf+SS↔∩↓β'9πK?WHhS7π'f∪?aβ&yβ ∃π##K?>qβπ←∂I84(26εLa↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓u]E¬h4)5ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji544R↓↓↓↓α↓↓α6 J1↓s7+;∂SN{9y2 "H4(hP4*SF)α6εLaαVVzβ'Mβ∞qβ↔c&+;∪↔"↓αVVzβS#π"βWO↔~βS#∃∧
β≠N+3⊃↓π#=β∪/#↔K7Ns∀4+>C'∂!ε{→βO/3↔Kπbβ7π'bk#π;&c';≥ε3W;∂&K?;MεKMβSzβ ∃β/C↔∂W&+⊃9↓αα↔π∂Bβ?_4W##↔O*β≠W;∨#'?;~β'Mβ&+O∂KN∪↔⊃↓π≠↔Cπ⊗ S↔3Jβ ↔3␈99↓αv{S'∂*βS#π"↓α6εLaβ'LhSπ9αLzQαV,yβπ;"β#↔;≡)β∂πvs?Qβ⊗)β∨'6+9β←F+9βSF)βCK};Kπ5εKM↓βNqα&>"jVN⊗⊂h+7?&)↓#←FK∂!βO→β↔cεcπ';.!β'9∧ CC↔v#'a↓
I84(1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓]s ↓αO.s∪';:α7π'`h(4(hRS#∃ε3?33␈;';≥π#←=α-*?Mβ∞c3?]πK?Uβ&yβO↔v!β¬βf+SS↔∩βS=β∞seβ+}⊃84( SEND [OP=710, AC=0] MAIL 0,
--------------------------------------------------
SEND ADR
<error return>
ADR: <destination job name or number>
<address of =32 word letter to be sent>
The SEND UUO is used to send a letter to any job in the system. The
effective address of the UUO should point to a two-wop¬⊂@AEY=GV\@↓)QJ~)MSegPAo←e⊂A←LAQQSfA Y←GV↓gQ←k1H@AE∀AiQJ↓U←DA9k[EKHA←dAQQJ@AMSqESPAU←D4∃]C[∀A←LAQQJAU=DAi↑↓oQSG @AiQ∀AYKiQKdASLAi↑A JAgK9h\@AQQJ@AMKG←]⊂Ao←e⊂~∃←L↓iQJA Y←GV↓gQ←k1HAG←9iCS\↓iQJA¬IIeKMfA←L↓iQJ@tfdAo=eHAY∃iiKd8~∀~∃%LAiQ∀AYKiQKdASLAgkG
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A=$A≥+5¬ $\A∪LAQQKeJ↓CeJAQo↑~∃=dA[←IJAU← f@Ao%iPAi!JAU←λ@A]C5JAs←TAOSm∀X@As=jAOKPAiQJAgsgQKZAKIe←d~)[Kgg¬OJAβ5¬∪∂+=+&A∃=∧@A≥¬≠
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KahAQQChAQQKeJ↓SfAC8AKqiIBAeKQke\X↓oQSG ~∃Sf↓iCWK8AoQK8AiQKIJASf↓]↑@A)←DAo%iPAi!JAOSYK\A]¬[JA←HA]k[ Kd@A=dAoQ∃\~∃i!KeJA¬eJ@AQo↑A←H@A[←IJAU← fAoSQP@Ai!JAOSYK\@A9C[J\A)QkLX@Ai!KeJA¬eJ~∃QQeKJ↓a←gg%EYJAIKike9fAiQ¬hAiQ%fA++<AGC\↓iCWJ8@A)Q∀AISe∃GhAe∃ike\Q]↑~)gWS`$ASf@↓iCWK8ASLAQQJ@A1KiiKHAGC]9←hAE∀@AgK9hAEK
CkgJAiQJ↓CIIe∃ggKJ4∃CYe∃CIrA!CfAB↓YKii∃dAS\↓QSfA5CSYE=p\@AQQJAg-S`Ae∃ike\↓SfAi¬WK\A%LAiQ∀~∃YKQiKd@↓SfAgUGGKgMMkYYd@AgK9h\@AQQJ@A⊃←kEY∀AgWS@@AeKQke\A%f@Ai¬WK\A%L~∃i!KeJA%fA]↑↓U←DA]SiPAQQJAO%mK\A9C[JA=dA]k5EKdA=dASL↓iQKe∀ACeJAio↑↓←d~∃5←eJA)←EfA]SiPAQQJAO%mK\A9C[J\4∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@n\dA%KG∃SmS]≤A≠CS0~∀~∀4∃)QJ↓M←YY=oS]N↓io↑@↓++∨f↓CYY←\As←j↓i↑@AIKGKSYJA[C%XAgK9hAi↑As←j0AiQCP~∃Sf0Ai↑A!CmJA∧AYKiQKdAe∃[←mK⊂AMe←4As←kHA[CS1E←pA¬]HAI∃a←gSQKH@A%\As←Ud~∃G=eJAS5COJ\4∀→/%πX@@@@@@@@@A7∨@znb`0AβεzE:@A≠¬∪_@b0~∀ZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZ~∀@@@@@A/%
,Aβ H~∀~∃¬ $t@@@yE1←GV@tfdAo=eIfA1←]NAQ↑AeK
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KfASPAS\AQQJ@zLdAo←IHAEY=GVAgAKGSM%KHAEdAiQJ↓KMMK
iSmJ↓CIIe∃gfA←_~∃iQ∀A++≡8@A∪L↓iQKe∀ASfA9↑AYKQiKdA%\As←UdA[C%YE←p0AiQSLA++≡↓oCSiLAk]i%X~∃g=[K←]∀AgK]⊃fAs←TA←]J↓C]HAQQK\A≥SmKf↓ShAi<As←j8~∀→'%πX@@@@@@@@@A7∨@znb`0AβεzI:@A≠¬∪_@d0~∀ZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZZZ4ZZ~∀@@@@@A'%
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QKGWLAi↑AMKJAS_AiQKIJASf↓BAYKQiKdA%\As←Ud@A[¬SYE←`\@A∪_~∃iQ∃eJASLA←]J0AShA%fAeKQke]K⊂Ai↑Ae←jAS8AiQJzfdA]←eHA Y←GVAa←S9iKHAQ↑~∃EdAiQJAKMM∃GiSm∀ACIIIKgf@!β $RA←LAQQSfAU+≡@A¬]HAi!JAgW%`@Ae∃ike\↓Sf~∃QCWK\8@A∪L↓iQKe∀ASfA9↑@AY∃iiKd↓S\As=kdA[¬SYE←`XAiQ∀AISe∃Gh@AIKike8ASf~)iCWK8AC]H↓iQJA Y←GV↓ChAβ⊃$ASf↓k]i←UGQKH8~∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@n8f@A!∃KWS]≤AChA5CSYE=qKf~(~∀~∃QQJAM=YY←o%]N@AQo↑A+U∨fAC1Y←n@↓s←jAQ↑@AM%]HA←UhAoQ∃iQKdABAU=D@AQ¬fAB~)YKii∃dAS\↓SifA5CSYE=p\~∀ SKPME [OP=710, AC=3] MAIL 3,
--------------------------------------------------
SKPME
<return for your mailbox empty>
The SKPME UUO tells you whether or not there is a letter in your
mailbox. If there is a letter there, the skip return is taken; if
not, the direct return is taken.
SKPHIM [OP=710, AC=4] MAIL 4,
--------------------------------------------------
SKPHIM ADR
<return for his mailbox empty>
ADR: <name or number of job you are interested in>
The SKPHIM UUO is used to find out if a given job has a letter in his
mailbox. The job number or sixbit job name of the job of interest
should be in the word pointed to by the effective address of this
UUO. If that job has a letter in his mailbox, the skip return is
taken; if his mailbox is empty, the direct return is taken. If there
is no job with the name or number given, you will get the system
error message NON-EX JOB NAME OR NUMBER. If there are two or more
jobs with the job name given, then you will get the system error
message AMBIGUOUS JOB NAME. If either of these two errors occurs,
your program will be stopped and you will be permitted to type
CONTINUE, which will cause this UUO to be tried again.
SECTION 8--SPACEWAR MODE
In a timesharing system the available CPU time must be split up among
all the programs that are trying to run. Any one program will be run
only for a short period of time, then stopped for a while to let
other programs run, then run a little more, etc. The intervals
between, and durations of, the times when a program is allowed to run
are generally irregular and depend on the system load. Certain
programs require fairly regular service (in the form of CPU time
allocated) in order to operate meaningfully. The system provides
spacewar mode to assure regular service to such programs.
To use spacewar mode, a job tells the system the starting address of
the spacewar module (process) and how often and on which processor(s)
(PDP-10, PDP-6) it should be run. A spacewar module is a separate
process from your job's main process (the one that initiates the
spacewar module) but runs in the same core image. The spacewar
module will be restarted at a fixed interval after it last stopped;
you specify this interval when you initiate the module. A spacewar
process cannot quite be guaranteed of running every so often because,
for example, another spacewar process on the same processor could
have conflicting time demands. After you have initiated a spacewar
module, your job's main process can continue doing whatever it wants.
You are allowed to have one spacewar module active on each processor;
i.e., you can have one on the PDP-10 and another one on the PDP-6.
While you have a spacewar module active, your job usually will not be
swapped out although it may be shuffled to a different place in core.
Before your job is either shuffled or swapped out, your spacewar
module will be warned that it is not going to be run for a while; so
it can take whatever precautions are necessary to see that nothing
bad happens while it is away.
Each time a spacewar process is started up, it is allowed to run
until either it signals by the DISMIS UUO (see page 206) that it is
done or it times out. Normally a spacewar process will time out if
it runs for more that half a second during a single activation. If
you set the timeout-suppression bit (see the SPCWGO UUO below) for a
spacewar process, then that process will never time out. However,
running for very long (like more than a few milliseconds) will cause
system performance to deteriorate noticeably, especially if the
process is running on the PDP-10! In fact, a spacewar module running
on either processor for more than about half a second will cause the
other processor to think that the first processor is dead.
If a spacewar process makes an illegal or non-existent memory
reference, or if it gets a push-down overflow, then the message
SPACEWAR LOSSAGE will be typed on the job's terminal and both the
spacewar process and the main process will be stopped. If you try to
initiate a spacewar process when one is already active, or if you
indicate that a spacewar process should be run on the PDP-6 and the
PDP-6 is not running, or if one of your spacewar processes times out,
then you will get an error message and your spacewar processes will
be killed.
Spacewar modules are started in IOT-USER mode; this means that
operation codes 700:777 are machine I/O instructions rather then
UUOs. Thus a spacewar process can do its own I/O directly; however,
it should make sure that its use of I/O devices will not conflict
with the system. For more information on IOT-USER mode, see its
description in Appendix 1.
Spacewar modules running on the PDP-6 can never execute UUOs (except
for the DISMIS UUO to terminate the current activation). Any attempt
by such a process to execute a UUO will result in termination of that
activation (as by DISMIS). Spacewar modules running on the PDP-10
are allowed to do certain UUOs. However, a UUO that attempts to
reference any accumulators will never access the correct set of ACs
(whether the AC is referenced as an AC or as a memory location); and
a UUO that returns results in the ACs may in fact return the results
in the ACs of the job's main process (if the main process is at UUO
level), thus clobbering whatever the main process had in its AC(s)!
Furthermore, any UUO that must wait for something to happen will not
work from a spacewar module. Finally, some illegal UUOs will cause
the SPACEWAR LOSSAGE message to be printed and the spacewar modules
to be killed. With those warnings in mind, note that spacewar
modules on the PDP-10 can in general do any of the IOT UUOs, that is,
those with opcodes over 700 (including the display UUOs) but not
until the process gets itself out of IOT-USER mode!! See the
preceding paragraph.
Each time a spacewar process is started up, the system loads up
several accumulators with data that might be needed by the spacewar
module. The ACs set up and the data they contain are listed below.
AC CONTENTS
1 The current value of the spacewar buttons. See the
SPWBUT UUO on page 261.
2 Your current protection-relocation constant. Your
protection constant is in the left half and your
relocation constant is in the right half of this AC.
3 A warning value. This AC usually contains zero but is
set up with -1 if this is the last time your spacewar
process will be run for a while (because your job is
being swapped out or shuffled). The next time your
spacewar module runs, this AC will contain the number
of 60ths of a second for which your spacewar module
was suspended.
4 The number of the processor this spacewar module is
running on. This number is 1 for the PDP-10 and 2 for
the PDP-6.
5 A flag indicating the status of the processor that
this spacewar process is NOT running on. This flag is
zero if that processor is running (normal state) and
-1 if that processor is dead.
6 Your job status word. See the JBTSTS UUO on page 185.
If the run bit (bit 0--the 400000,,0 bit) of this word
is zero, then your main process has stopped for some
reason; for instance, control-C may have been typed.
If you initiate a spacewar process with the time between runs set to
zero, then the process will be run only once.
Whenever you do a RESET (see page 250), any spacewar modules active
will be killed. The EXIT UUO (see page 248) will also kill any
spacewar modules you have. Finally, the SPCWAR UUO can also be used
to kill your spacewar modules; see below.
8.1 Spacewar UUOs
Here are the UUOs used to initiate and to kill spacewar processes and
to terminate spacewar activations.
SPCWAR [OP=043]
--------------------------------------------------
SPCWAR <number of ticks between startups>,<starting address>
The SPCWAR UUO initiates a spacewar process on the PDP-6. If the
PDP-6 is not running, the spacewar process will be run on the PDP-10
instead. The effective address of the UUO is the process' starting
address. The number of 60ths of a second between startups is
specified by the AC field of the instruction (possible values of
0:17). If the AC field is zero, then the spacewar process will be
run only once. Timeout suppression is not possible with the SPCWAR
UUO; any process started with this UUO will time out if it runs for
more than half a second during a single activation.
If the effective address of this UUO is 636367 (that's 'SSW' in
sixbit) and the AC field is zero, then instead of a spacewar module
being initiated, all your spacewar modules will be killed. This is
the normal way to kill spacewar modules. The RESET UUO (see page
250) and all flavors of the EXIT UUO (see page 248) will also kill
your spacewar modules.
SPCWGO [OP=047, ADR=400003] CALLI 400003
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<Bits 0:1 (600000,,0 bits)= processors;
bits 2:3 (140000,,0 bits)= timeout suppression;
bits 14:17 (000017,,0 bits)= startup interval;
bits 18:35 (0,,777777 bits)= starting address>]
SPCWGO AC,
The SPCWGO UUO is used to initiate a spacewar process on either the
PDP-6 or the PDP-10 or both. The starting address of the spacewar
module should be in the right half of the AC. Bits 14:17 (17,,0
bits) of the AC should contain the time in 60ths of a second between
startups of the spacewar module. A zero time means run the spacewar
process only once and then kill it. Bits 0:1 (600000,,0 bits)
determine which processor(s) will run this module. If bit 0
(400000,,0 bit) is a one, then the module will be run on the PDP-10;
if bit 1 (200000,,0 bit) is a one, the module will be run on the
PDP-6. If both bits 0 and 1 are one, then both processors will run
this module, with each processor starting at the given starting
addreβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂)baU$gg⊂∞VVjiQi⊂$g∃"i)*T*)FEβEεE*~2P:yYy⊂4w≥2y9:\:⊂⊂9↑yz2vH0v67]yP0P≤97sy_vP⊂:≠P:0uYP0qz~ww⊂⊂≥x7w⊂≥42FE≠qqzy≤2w1rH7s⊂0[<P7sλ;0y4[zyP9\2qtp[⊂1ww→4z4w[9V⊂;Zz47z]⊂⊂:4→P897Yy0vFB40{4[3P⊂:≠P:2y]⊂⊂1w[:4w:[zyv<H37y⊂λ:42yYP1ww→4z4w[9W⊂⊂λ*42y→P⊂0y→P:8πo
versions of interrupts available--the old style and the new style.
The main differences between the two are0∀bRAo!SYJAe←jACIJAae=GKgg%]N~∃¬\A←Y⊂[gis1JAS]QKeekAhAs←TAGC\↓giSY0AEJA%]iKeIkaiK⊂XAoQ%GP@A
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mw"π≥}Rαε≡Y$ 8⎇≥,≥≠≡(∧∞];[M≥Yh_.Dλ≥~ T≥~;,UC"PL\[|Y$ {z;Ltλ~;NMh≠;n,(λ→
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≤x<α2\P:40]⊂4z⊂≥pw:9H:7P:\rP:4→P4w:→y9:x≥⊂9|y]2vP1≡FE2w_q64w→P4z9Yv3⊂3≠y⊂:4→P⊂80\:4qz[0y⊂4[:2y9≥x:8β that it is interested
in. Interrupt conditions that are not enabled for will be handled by
the system. For instance, if you get a push-down overflow, and if
you are not enabled for push-down overflow interrupts, then you will
get the system error message PDL OV. If, on the other hand, you ARE
enabled for this interrupt, then you will get an interrupt indicating
that you had a push-down overflow. Some interrupt conditions are
ignored by the system unless you are enabled for them.
When an interrupt that you are enabled for does occur, your program
is stopped, the program counter (PC) and PC flags are saved in JOBTPC
in your job data area (see Appendix 2), the cause of the interrupt
is saved in JOBCNI and your interrupt handler is started at the
address contained in JOBAPR.
The PC that you get in JOBTPC generally points to the next
instruction that your main process would otherwise have executed if
the interrupt had not occurred. However, there are certain
conditions under which the value of this PC is not quite obvious.
First of all, if you were executing a UUO (and hence your PC was in
monitor mode while executing some system code for that UUO), then the
PC saved in JOBTPC will not be your real (monitor mode) PC that you
had at the time of the interrupt; instead JOBTPC will contain the
location of the UUO call in your core image, and the user-mode bit
(bit 5--the 10000,,0 bit) in the left half of JOBTPC will be OFF to
indicate this condition.
Secondly, when you receive a processor interrupt (either old- or
new-style) such as illegal memory reference, the PC saved in JOBTPC
will point to the instruction that caused the interrupt. However, if
you jump to an illegal location, then the PC returned with the
illegal memory reference interrupt will point to the illegal
location. For instance, on an AOJA 1,777777, the AC will have been
incremented and the PC changed to 777777 before the ill mem ref
occurs, so the PC stored in this case would be 777777.
Finally, if an interrupt occurs in the middle of an ILDB or an IDPB
instruction after the byte pointer has been incremented but before
the byte has been moved, then JOBTPC will point to the byte
instruction and the byte-increment suppression flag (bit 4--the
20000,,0 bit), will be on in the left half of JOBTPC. Thus the byte
pointer will not be incremented again when (and if) the instruction
is resumed.
Each condition for which an interrupt can occur is represented by a
specific bit. You enable a given interrupt by setting to one the bit
corresponding to that condition; this can be done with various UUOs
that will be described in detail later. When you get an interrupt,
the bit representing the cause of the interrupt is given to you in
the word at JOBCNI. For new-sty O"q"PJ¬π=:.@4w3Pλ37xα
λα∩$@@As<βUβSzβH∞.lDαεOD ∩π≡⎇\Rαε≥nπ'"aQ HH"(∧∧∩=λ
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<8⎇~-⎇Hλ
e∃Hλ⊗-}#"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ≠,∨(λλ∞ 2pr⊂λ⊂:42H⊂⊂62]:2y⊂λ⊂0x∧
ih
i∃eekaPAYKm∃X\~∀4∀@@@n@@@@@` β↓A11α↓↓↓↓α↓α&:%:ε&Qα↓α¬α-:ε&Q¬*V=βF M↓βW+OQβ⊗+SWKv+⊂4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓β7∪?5↓ε3';'≡C';≥αβS#∃ε+c↔∂/#'?8hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ?→β
↓αVVzq↓αg}αRαε<≥fv␈D Vv∞-LPhR∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααεm}"απM
↔~ε≥nF/↔.↑π"b∧∞vFN=∧εO_Q$ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∞W≡.D∧ε↔J∞Mε*α
]vvOM}"απMtεn∞<QPRα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧απ& T¬-<→~Bα¬ZYrπ>}Zd∧
≤y,T≤_9lQ"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ L&U+C"AQHλλ∧πλλλ∧∧λ ,εε ∧∧λλλ∧∧∩3U
∪hλ∧∧⊂(∀
K(≡;nT≠⎇{D
_<↓P~:yz⊂λ7zz8≥zεE∧BDDP⊂λ0P1t_y0qz→y⊂37\⊂<wp∃ to read.
9 400,,0 INTPAR A parity error has occurred in
your core image. The address
in which bad parity was
detected is given to you in AC
10.
10 200,,0 INTCLK A clock interrupt has just
happened. The default
interval between clock
interrupts is a 60th of a
second; this interval can be
changed by the CLKINT UUO,
which also enables clock
interrupts. This bit is for
new-style clock interrupts
only. For a more complete
description of new-style clock
interrupts, see the CLKINT UUO
on page 213.
11 100,,0 INTINR IMP interrupt from foreign
receive side. See Section
13.13, specifically page 318,
for explanations of this and
the following three interrupt
conditions.
12 40,,0 INTINS IMP interrupt from foreign
send side.
13 20,,0 INTIMS IMP status change interrupt.
14 10,,0 INTINP IMP input waiting.
15 4,,0 INTTTI [ESCAPE] I has just been typed
on the display terminal which
is attached to this job.
16 2,,0 INTQXF Your job is changing queues.
Your new positive queue number
(see the queue names and
numbers in Appendix 5) is
available from accumulator 14;
see page 208. Note: This
interrupt is not guaranteed to
be generated every time you
change queues.
19 0,,200000 * POV A push-down stack overflow or
underflow has just occurred.
If the instruction causing
this was ¬qλ.Oa PUSHJ or a POPJ,
then the PC stored in JOBTPC
is the one specified by t↓QJ4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AS]gQekGi%←\@QA+'⊃∀$A←d@↓ErAi!J~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AgQCGV@@@Q!=!∀Rv@@@A%L@@@↓iQJ~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓S]giIkGiS=\@ASL@AB@↓!+'⊂A←dA∧~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A!∨@X@Ai!K\@AQQJ@AAε@Ao%YXAQ¬mJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A KK\A%]GeK5K]iK⊂AC]H↓oSYX↓iQkf4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Aa←S9hAi↑↓iQJA%]gieUGiS←8ACMi∃d~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ai!JA!+M⊂A←d↓!∨ \A∪\A¬]rAG¬gH¬0hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβS#∃αβCWOBk∪?←r↓↓βC}K;S↔∩↓β←'f`4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓β#∂3∃β .+9β∨O3↔9βO#M↓βv+]β[∞cW∀4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ε ;⊃β∞seβ[∞cW∃β⊗+';≥αβCWOF+⊃β?⊂h)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓βC?πβ↔⊃β>K31βF [∃β⊗+↔9βn{[↔⊃π#<4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓βO#M↓↓εK;∪'≡ S↔⊃α↓β∪↔∨#';π&K?98hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αα≠?Iαβ¬↓α¬*N")ε{I↓β
↓αBV≤A1βSF(4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓β[∞cW∃↓αβCWOF+⊃↓β>K31↓αβ;?]αβ ∀4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ε{∂∂WπK';≥π##∃βf OQβf{∂πSN{9β'ph)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓βS#*↓βOS∞≠-9↓∧3?I↓ε αB z "αε}$ελh$∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα
uαb∧∞FF*∧∞f∞g\Tαπε}∞ε."∧∞vNfAQ"αα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧εF∂lTααε=⎇V*α n&}j∧∧π&FT∧ε6O.>@hR∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααεM|6∂&≥⎇bε⊗\mw⊗*∧∞FF* ,V>Nmm⊗v8Q$ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧
v2πM Rπ∨L≤6ZpQ!PRα∧∧β∪∩∧∧ααβ¬EC∪βεεααα∧∧ααR →Djα∧∧α∧∞d∧εNfL\v∞b∧
V.n}↑$∧≤Y9L↑Y;XlQ"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ~_.4λ~]. z⊂⊂7Xqzy9→r; that is,
you have just tried to
reference a memory locap %←\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A=kigS⊃JAs←UdAG←IJAS[¬OH¬8hP4)↓α↓↓IMα↓↓↓↓¬Bc ε ε∧λλλ∧∧
H∪K (λλ∧∧⊂(λ∧∧λλ≠M⎇K9>
≡⎇→;NDλλλ∧
9;;n/#"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ≤L\Y<Y-ly(λ
<hλ
.<⎇λ
|x⎇<N,9∞c!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∞~_=∧
<kλ∧∂;⎇(
=Y(∧
]<⎇∧∞≤Z9,A"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ≥≠d∞Y9Y.,;Xy$ (≠9-]|↑(
Mxx=
≥{C"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∞M_=λ∧∧_<≤ ≡Y;]
O(λλ My<h∧∧≠[⎇↓QHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧→>~.> Hλ∧∧∃~~.4λλ≤m
⎇;→∧∧≠Y=L↑C"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ≤L\;≠≡$
_<≤ ]Nh~,d~=λ∧ ≠y<eD~=β!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧ y;Y.,;≠≡$
98;N4_(λ
\;;|O∀≥;Z.A"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ~_.4→X:-L9 C!!"Hλ∧∧ MH∧∧λλ ¬E , ε∧λλλ∧∧λ
H∧∧λλλ∧∧λ∃~ Tλ_{
|zhλ
<hλ∧
]<⎇∧∧≥~8m<9β"D∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∞⎇~;→$∂;⎇(∞|<Y(∧∞];[M≥YkH∧
~~<aQHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧_Z=∧∧~<h∧ [|H∧
{→ .>≡;→$∧_{≠l=c"H∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλ~-n→<\N↑≥≤h
⎇[≡+AQC"H∧∧λ N$∧λλλε¬ ,ε∧λλλ∧∧λλ
D 3U⊃IzHλ⊂$∧→[≠l≡~;Yd
⎇Y<Lm≠⎇h∧
_<h
.<⎇β!$λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧
xx⎇..Y9 D∧λ∃~ T∀⊂h∧∞x=Y,D≥z;
A"Hλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λ≤≠m≥]λλ∞Mh≥~ Tλ≥{n 2⊂⊂0Y:2y⊂≥42FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂~w9z9≥qz4w[⊂⊂⊂⊂λ1pzyZw3P⊂λ⊂:42CE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂7{2\367{KεEεEλ⊂⊂⊂→L⊂⊂⊂⊂λ_⊗⊗_L⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂
⊂$g*∪k⊂⊂⊂⊂w⊂⊂4[:2sr\⊂7{2\367{H⊂40yH5:yzβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂7qq]y92r ⊂⊂⊂*~2P(!H⊂9p{→r⊂;t[6εE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂8≠tw:⊂λ:7P:~2P⊂;[y2⊂⊂_s:2yλ:42FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ4w9z≤:qz4[w⊂⊂⊂λ⊂1pz\tw3Pλ⊂⊂:4→FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂7{→y367]WεEεB*42P≤2vpt[4w3P_4z9P_y2P1]y92w≥6<P:[:yrr ⊂⊂ yH72{P~w:2y≤:x:9H0y2P_r22rβE:42↑P;tv≠⊂:yrH:42P≠7{ry w:vq→y2r⊂_{0tv_q62P_4z9WβEβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂≤W P⊂'2]Vyz<[2P$w≥2y9:\:9FEβEεE*~2P72]P4w:→y9:x≥⊂9|y]2vP⊂~yP44Yt6<P≤ecommended over the old system;
thus I will explain the new system first. P !JAESPAeKaIKgK]QCiS←9fA←L4∃iQJ↓aCei%GkYCHAS]i∃eekaQf@ACIJAiQ∀AgC[∀@AS\↓E←iP↓gsgi∃[f@@!KqGKAhAM←H~∃GY=GVAS9iKeeUaifR0AEkh↓oSiP↓iQJA9KnAgegiKZ↓iQKe∀ACeJA[←e∀AS]i∃eekaQf~∃o!SGPAe←jAG¬\AK]¬EYJ\4∀~∃/!K\As=jAeK
KSmJ↓B@A]∃n[gieYJAS9iKeeUahXA¬YXAg=eifA=L@Ai!S]Of↓QCaa∃\\~∃→Segh↓←LAC1XXACLAkgk¬XAs←UdA!ε↓C]HA→YCOf↓CeJAMCmKH↓S\A∃=¬)!εAC]H↓iQJ~)ESh@↓eKae∃gK]i%]NAi!J@AG¬kgJA=L@Ai!JAS]QKeekAh@ASLAgi←IKH@A%\A∃∨ π≥∩\4∃+]Y∃gfAs=jAoKIJAKq∃GkiS9NABAU+≡ACPAiQJ↓iS[J↓←LAi!JAS]QKeekAhX@AQQJA! ~∃o←IHAS\A∃∨¬Q!εAo%YX@A JAaKIMKGi1rACG
keCi∀\@@A%L↓1βF{←↔[/⊃1↓βN{Uα↑-∩∀4+/C↔∂W&K;≥β
αVV=bβS#↔rβS#∃¬α
βO∂3↔⊃βNqα*>∃"B
βO→βK↔∞c3eβ&C∃βπ&#K↔O~β'84WK?WIε≠?K∃εK7π∨*β←#↔⊗)βS#*↓αVVzβ'9βπ∪?∨K/≠Mβ'~β3?∂∂#↔⊃mεK9↓β&C'Mβ≡ O∃0hSS#∃π+O↔Ink?∪∃ε∪'Q↓αC 'Qβ)57SF)↓EAβ↓A11αβ 'QJ↓β'9∧R>
R∧→β←'fa↓β *β?≠→ph*S#/→↓βSF)βWO/⊃77?&)↓β O!β'9αα*>
%α
β←Nc1↓β&+31βN{U↓βN1β¬↓¬*V=↓π;πMβNp4+C⊗{∨K↔∨→β←#.qβS#*β';S/∪KWC"β?∂∂/∪K↔⊃ph(4*>KS!↓ε ↓β;/97OSNc∃↓βNsS↔K↔+CQ1πK?WIαβπ∂∂.kW3π&{KM↓ε K∃↓π≠π[↔"q↓αSF+904V∪↔≠?⊗)βg?/⊃β';&+KKWπ!βK?/#';∃αβ'Mβ∨#πKS.!1β∂/∪Sπ'rαε∂Mε K∃↓εc?π∪.!βW@hS←'SBβ∪πS
↓βπMεc'OS.!↓β'rβS#∃αβSπ f)β ↔f{]9↓ααg?W∩βWO↔∩k3↔[.a↓αε∨→βπK(h+Oπ6+⊃β'rβ3?∂∂#'?;~↓IAi≠9β?→πK?WIε≠?K∃εK7π∨*βW;3/≠Mβg␈)β←↔⊗)β↔c.≠WS'v84+¬¬*V=β∂!βS#*βS'7*β?→β&C∃β'w#↔KK/βQ1βNqβ←#N≠!β∂∂≠∃βg␈+Iαε∨→↓βπ⊗)βOπ6+⊂4+≡{7↔←F+K∃βNqβS#*βOgO&+584Ph)↓↓ααε
↓α↓↓α∞|rR⊗:%_4(4R↓↓↓↓
↓↓↓↓ααS#∃ε≠WKK.sQ↓β6 3W∃ε{→βSF)↓βOε ∂↔←∂⊃β W'#?;Mr↓↓αO.)βS#(h)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αN¬:
VQ¬*V=β}qβCπ>)↓IY
p4(4R↓↓↓↓∩↓↓↓↓ααg?W∩β∂WK⊗+;Qβπ∪?S↔∨#'?9o∪↔3?≡ S'?rβ∂?;∨#π;Qph(4)α↓↓↓Mα↓↓↓↓∧ β←π⊗s';≥π3π3W*q↓αSFKMαε~βWOW∞c3eβ≡{;SπNsMβk/∪=β /!β'LhQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓βO↔"βWAβ>KS!↓k β'→π##'MεKMβSF)β3π∨!β';&+KKWπ!↓βg␈)β←'f`4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓β>+Qβ .3?K∃πK?WIεS? βO→βO←∂βC↔⊃ε{WQβ␈⊃βO#.3≠3↔"p4(4R↓↓↓↓"↓↓↓↓ααS#∃εsW7 /⊃β?→αβS#∃πβK?∂/≠O?Iπ##'MεK;S↔↔∪WCQαβ7?∪.c∃β'_h)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βK.s;';:β?99ααS#'~β;W7⊗+Iβ'~↓Eβ≠␈⊃βS#*αB∩Ak Aβπv!↓Iβ6{H4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓π##∃↓¬α∩A52q↓αONs∂∃↓εK;S↔↔∪WCS~βπK∃α↓#∂W↔∪↔;SgI%βπg;πgLhQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓βKWrβ?9β&C∃αB%↓5EAbβS#'~αε
β>K31β∞c←πg~β∂?;& '9↓
p4(4R↓↓↓↓*↓↓↓↓αα¬↓β6cπ≥βNs∪'∂∂#';≥αβS#∃π≠SπS/→↓β?2βS#∃αβCK?≡+OO?∩βS#π h)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βSFKMβ'w#↔KK/βQ73/3↔1βπ∪?∂↔∨→β'M∧r>Qβ↔+;;'v9↓β?rq↓αSFKL4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ε33π≥αβ'MβV+K=↓εK→↓β&CπQβπ∪?∂↔∨≠?I↓εKM↓β↔+;;'v9↓#;␈∪7π0hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓βOS∂#∃%β∞s⊃↓5
β'→β&CπQβπ∪?∂↔∨≠?IβO→β∪↔∞!84(hQ↓↓↓β1↓↓↓α↓αg?/⊃β+?∩βOSπ'+Mβ←␈∪⊃9↓¬≠↔∃β&C∃α*∃"NRM¬*V=β}qβCπ>)↓Ea*p4(4R↓↓↓↓:↓↓↓↓αα*>
∀*1β≠␈⊃↓βggment, if any. This is the
size, minus one, of your upper segment, if you have
one, and zero if you do not.
10 The datum for this particular interrupt. Currently,
the only interrupt with a datum is the parity error
interrupt, for which you get here the address at which
bad parity has been detected. This value can be
invalid if you have some pending interrupts which
generate data (e.g., if you get several parity errors
in a row), in which case this is the last datum seen
by the system.
14 Your positive queue number. This tells you which
queue your user-level process is in. See the queue
names and numbers in Appendix 5.
After these ACs have been set up, your interrupt routine is run at
interrupt level starting at the address contained in the right half
of JOBAPR. The PC flags for your interrupt-level routine are set
from the bits in the left half of JOBAPR. (The PC flags are
explained in Appendix 1.) For example, if bit 6 (the 4000,,0 bit)
in JOBAPR is on, your interrupt process will be started up in
IOT-USER mode (see Appendix 1). Your interrupt process is actually
started by the system doing a JRST 13,@JOBAPR (see the JRST
instruction in the PDP-10 manuals) and you are then allowed to run
uninterrupted (except for I/O interrupt services) for up to 8 ticks
(8/60 of a second). If you are still running at interrupt level when
that time runs out, you will get the system error message I-LEVEL
TIMEOUT and your program will be stopped.
When your interrupt-level routine finishes and wishes to return to
the interrupted program, it should issue the DISMIS UUO (see page
214). If, however, the interrupt-level routine does not wish to
return to the user-level program but wants instead to BECOME the
user-level program, then it should issue the UWAIT UUO and then the
DEBREAK UUO. This lets your interrupt-level process keep running,
but it will no longer be at interrupt level; it will be running at
user level. Note that neither UWAIT (see page 215) nor DEBREAK (see
page 216) causes any change in your PC flags. Thus, if you are in
IOT-USER mode when you give these UUOs, then you will still be in
IOT-USER when you return from them! If you UWAIT and DEBREAK and
THEN want to return to the interrupted program, you can do so simply
by jumping to the interrupted address (contained in JOBTPC) by doing
a JRST 2,@JOBTPC which will also restore the flags of the interrupted
process. However, you should probably save JOBTPC somewhere else
before DEBREAKing because after you DEBREAK you can receive another
interrupt, which would clobber the old JOBTPC with a new one.
To allow users to enable both old- and new-style interrupts at the
same time, a user program can indicate a special three word block to
be used with NEW-STYLE interrupts in place of the three words at
JOBCNI, JOBTPC and JOBAPR, respectively. If JOBINT in your job data
area contains a non-zero number, that number will be interpreted as
the address of this three word block. The normal three words in the
job data area will continue to be used for old-style interrupts (and
for new-style interrupts whenever JOBINT contains zero).
Now here are the UUOs used with the new-style interrupt system.
INTENB [OP=047, ADR=400025] CALLI 400025
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<interrupt bits to be enabled>]
INTENB AC,
The INTENB UUO enables the interrupts that correspond to the bits on
(ones) in the AC and disables the interrupts corresponding to bits
that are zero. This overrides all previous enablings (of the
new-style interrupts). If there is an interrupt pending that you are
now enabling, the interrupt will be taken immediately. (See page 207
for the interrupt conditions represented by the various bits.)
INTORM [OP=047, ADR=400026] CALLI 400026
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<bits to be ORed in>]
INTORM AC,
The INTORM UUO enables the interrupts corresponding to the bits that
are on (ones) in the AC. The enablings of other interrupts are
unchanged.
INTACM [OP=047, ADR=400027] CALLI 400027
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<bits to be cleared>]
INTACM AC,
The INTACM UUO disables the interrupts corresponding to the bits that
are on (ones) in the AC. The enablings of other interrupts are
unchanged.
INTENS [OP=047, ADR=400030] CALLI 400030
--------------------------------------------------
INTENS AC,
The INTENS UUO returns your new-style interrupt enablings in the AC;
bits which are on (ones) represent enabled interrupts.
CLKINT [OP=717]
--------------------------------------------------
CLKINT <number of ticks between interrupts>
The CLKINT UUO is used to set the interval between new-style clock
interrupts. If you enable for new-style clock interrupts without
using this UUO, you get the default interval of one tick (a 60th of a
second); but with this UUO you can set the number of ticks per clock
interrupt to any number representable in 18 bits (up to about an hour
and twelve minutes).
This UUO enables for new-style clock interrupts and sets the interval
(in ticks) between interrupts to the number which is the effective
address of the UUO. This interval represents the amount of real time
(not runtime) between your clock interrupts. The mask bit for
new-style clock interrupts is not altered by this UUO (see the INTMSK
UUO on page 221).
More complete description of new-style clock interrupts: Clock
interrupts may be enabled by turning on the INTCLK bit in the
interrupt enablings. This starts the clock ticking regardless of the
state of the interrupt mask. If the clock interrupt should try to
occur when it is masked off, then the bit is set in JBTIRQ anyway,
i.e., the interrupt is pending and will occur as soon as it is masked
on. Disabling the clock interrupt deletes the clock request and any
pending clock interrupt. The time between clock interrupts is one
tick. The CLKINT UUO enables clock interrupts and and sets the time
between interrupts to the effective address of the UUO. It no longer
masks on the interrupt so that it is possible to do a guaranteed
indivisible operation involving clock interrupts. Giving this UUO
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user-level ACs already having been set up. At this point you are
once again at interrupt level and are subject to its timeout.
After you have done a UWAIT, you can terminate your interrupt-level
process with either of two UUOs. You can DISMIS and leave interrupt
level the normal way with no side effects for having done the UWAIT,
or you can DEBREAK to make your interrupt-level process into your
user-level process (see the DEBREAK UUO below for more details).
If you do a UWAIT and do not return immediately, then while the
interrupted UUO is finishing other interrupts may occur and you may
even do another UWAIT. When the UUO finally completes, the
interrupt-level routine to regain control will be the last one that
did a UWAIT.
If you are in the middle of a SLEEP UUO (see page 249) when you do a
UWAIT, the SLEEP is terminated immediately; you do not wait until the
time when it would normally have ended.
The UWAIT UUO is illegal except at interrupt level.
DEBREAK [OP=047, ADR=400035] CALLI 400035
--------------------------------------------------
DEBREAK
The DEBREAK UUO is used to turn an interrupt-level process into a
user-level process. In order to assure that you were not in the
middle of a UUO when the interrupt occurred, you should give a UWAIT
UUO before you DEBREAK. After debreaking, you will no longer be at
interrupt level. However, you will have the same accumulators that
you had before debreaking. DEBREAK does not alter the flow of
instructions (as DISMIS does); the next instruction executed is the
one following the DEBREAK, but it will be executed at user level.
After you do a UWAIT and a DEBREAK, you can return to your
interrupted process by jumping to the address that was placed in
JOBTPC when the interrupt started. Note, however, that as soon as
the DEBREAK is done, you may receive further interrupts since you are
now at user level; thus JOBTPC may get clobbered, so you might want
to save it before you DEBREAK. See also the INTDEJ UUO on page 225.
The DEBREAK UUO is illegal except at interrupt level.
IWAIT [OP=047, ADR=400040] CALLI 400040
--------------------------------------------------
IWAIT
The IWAIT UUO causes your job to go into a wait state (INTW) that
will be terminated only when an interrupt occurs.
IENBW [OP=047, ADR=400045] CALLI 400045
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<interrupt bit enablings>]
IENBW AC,
The IENBW UUO is used to set your interrupt enablings and to put your
user-level process into the interrupt-wait state, both at the same
time in order to prevent a race between going into interrupt wait and
getting an interrupt. This UUO has the same effect (except for
timing) that would be gotten from doing an INTENB followed by an
IWAIT.
INTGEN [OP=047, ADR=400033] CALLI 400033
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<bits to interrupt with>]
INTGEN AC,
The INTGEN UUO generates an interrupt for you for each bit on in the
AC. This will cause the interrupts to take place immediately, but
you must be enabled for all of the interrupts you are generating or
you will get a system error message.
INTIRQ [OP=047, ADR=400032] CALLI 400032
--------------------------------------------------
INTIRQ AC,
The INTIRQ UUO returns in AC the bits representing the interrupts you
currently have pending. Usually this will be zero unless you are at
interrupt level. This will also be non-zero if between the time an
interrupt is requested and the time it is serviced it is disabled,
which can happen if your interrupt-level routine changes the
interrupt enablings. Finally, this can be non-zero if you have
masked off some interrupts (see the INTMSK UUO below).
INTMSK [OP=720]
--------------------------------------------------
INTMSK ADR
ADR: <interrupt mask>
The INTMSK UUO is used to set your interrupt mask. In this mask, a 1
means the interrupt is masked on, a 0 means it is masked off. Your
interrupt mask is initially all 1's. The only interrupts you can
receive are those that are both enabled and masked on. If an enabled
interrupt is masked off (with this UUO or with one of the following
UUOs), then when that interrupt condition arises, the interrupt will
remain pending until it is masked back on, at which time it will
interrupt immediately.
IMSKST [OP=721]
--------------------------------------------------
IMSKST ADR
ADR: <bits to be turned on in interrupt mask>
The IMSKST UUO ORs the contents of location ADR into your interrupt
mask (see the INTMSK UUO above). Thus this masks ON the indicated
interrupts.
IMSKCL [OP=722]
--------------------------------------------------
IMSKCL ADR
ADR: <bits to be turned off in interrupt mask>
The IMSKCL UUO turns off, in your interrupt mask, the bits that are
on in location ADR. Thus this masks OFF the indicated interrupts.
See the INTMSK UUO above.
INTUUO [OP=723]
--------------------------------------------------
INTUUO <function>,ADR
INTUUO is an interrupt system extended UUO that uses the AC field to
determine which of several functions is to be executed. The
different functions are described separately below.
INTDEJ [OP=723, AC=0] INTUUO 0,
--------------------------------------------------
INTDEJ ADR
ADR: <interrupts bits to be ORed in>
<PC word to go to>
The INTDEJ UUO solves an special race condition. Suppose you have
masked off some interrupts, done a UWAIT followed by a DEBREAK,
fooled around in user level for a while, and now wish to mask on your
interrupts again and return to the original user-level process. You
presumably have the PC word stored in a location somewhere. If you
mask on your interrupts and then try to jump back to the original
user-level process, you may get interrupted between the mask-setting
UUO and the jump. The second interrupt may want to do the same thing
and may in the process overwrite your PC word with a new and
different PC. This UUO solves this race by masking on the interrupt
bits marked with 1's at ADR and jumping to the PC contained in ADR+1
all in one indivisible operation, so that if another interrupt
occurs, the PC it will interrupt will be the one specified in ADR+1.
IMSTW [OP=723, AC=1] INTUUO 1,
--------------------------------------------------
IMSTW ADR
ADR: <mask bits>
The IMSTW UUO sets your interrupt mask (see the INTMSK UUO above) and
then puts you into INTERRUPT WAIT. The effective address of this UUO
should point to a word containing the mask bits you want set.
IWKMSK [OP=723, AC=2] INTUUO 2,
--------------------------------------------------
IWKMSK ADR
ADR: <bits for interrupts that should awaken>
The IWKMSK UUO sets the mask that determines which interrupts will
awaken the main process out of an interrupt wait state. When an
interrupt occurs while the main process is in interrupt wait, if the
bit for that interrupt in on in the wakeup mask, then the main
process is awakened. If the bit is off, the main process is left in
interrupt wait. The default value for the wakeup mask is all 1's.
The interrupt-level process is run regardless of the setting of the
wakeup mask.
INTDMP [OP=723, AC=3] INTUUO 3,
--------------------------------------------------
INTDMP ADR
<error return - error code in ADR+1>
ADR: <job name or number>
<block of 5 words for returned information>
Error codes:
1 impossible job number
2 ambiguous job name
3 non-existent job name
The INTDMP UUO returns 5 words of information about a particular job.
The effective address of the UUO specifies a six word block; the
first word of this block should contain the number or sixbit name of
the job you want to find out about, where zero means your own job.
If the UUO is successful, the skip return is taken and words 1
through 5 of the block are filled with the information indicated
below. If the value in ADR specifies an ambiguous or non-existent
job or an impossible job number, then the direct (error) return is
taken and an error code (see list above) is returned in ADR+1.
WORD VALUE
0 Unchanged (job name or number).
1 Interrupt enable bits of specified job.
2 Interrupt mask.
3 Zero.
4 Wakeup mask (interrupt bits which will awaken the job
from IWAIT; see IWKMSK UUO above).
5 Number of the queue the job is in. See the queue
names and numbers in Appendix 5.
INTIPI [OP=723, AC=4] INTUUO 4,
--------------------------------------------------
INTIPI ADR
<error return - code in ADR+1>
ADR: <job name or number>
<bits for interrupts you want generated>
Error codes:
1 impossible job number
2 ambiguous job name
3 non-existent job name
4 job not enabled for interrupts specified
The INTIPI UUO is used to send one or more interrupts to any job on
the system. ADR should contain the number or sixbit name of the job
which you want to get the interrupt(s); zero means your own job. The
specific interrupts you want generated should be indicated by bits on
in the word at ADR+1. The job you choose must be enabled for the
interrupts you send. If this UUO is successful, the skip return is
taken; otherwise, the direct (error) return is taken and an error
code (see list above) is returned in the word at ADR+1.
IMSKCR [OP=723, AC=5] INTUUO 5,
--------------------------------------------------
IMSKCR ADR
ADR: <bits to be turned off in interrupt mask>
The IMSKCR UUO turns off, in your interrupt mask, the bits that are
on in location ADR. Thus this masks OFF the indicated interrupts.
After masking off these interrupts, this UUO returns your OLD mask in
the word at ADR. This avoids timing errors in saving and restoring a
mask. See the INTMSK UUO above.
9.2 Old-style Interrupts
When you receive an interrupt under the old interrupt system, here is
what happens: Your PC and flags are saved in JOBTPC, the CONI word
from the processor is stored in JOBCNI (one old-style interrupt bit
will be on in this word indicating the cause of the interrupt), and
your PC is changed to that in the right half of JOBAPR. Your
interrupt routine may run as long as it wants; as far as the system
is concerned, your interrupt routine is now your main process and no
further special action will be taken by the system for the interrupt.
When your interrupt routine is finished, it can do a
JRST 2,@JOBTPC
to return to the interrupted program. This will restore the PC and
flags to their states when the interrupt occurred.
Note that since your interrupt routine is not treated at all
specially by the system, it can be interrupted itself by an interrupt
of the same or a different type. If this happens, JOBTPC and JOBCNI
will be clobbered with the values for the second interrupt; then when
processing resumes for the first interrupt, the address (in the main
program) to which control should return will no longer be in JOBTPC.
Unless this address was saved by your interrupt handler, the program
will probably not be able to continue successfully. The new
interrupt system avoids this problem by not allowing you to be
interrupted while you are processing a new-style interrupt.
The processor CONI word stored in JOBCNI with old-style interrupts
will have some extraneous bits on in addition to the bit representing
the interrupt. The extra bits currently set in this word are the
0,,6043 bits.
Here are a couple of UUOs to enable old-style interrupts.
APRENB [OP=047, ADR=16] CALLI 16
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<interrupt bits to be enabled>]
APRENB AC,
The APRENB UUO enables your job to receive old-style interrupts upon
any of the conditions represented by the bits in the AC. Only bits
19, 22, 23, 26, 29 and 32 (0,,231110 bits) can be enabled by the old
interrupt system. See page 207 for the interrupt conditions these
bits represent.
SETPOV [OP=047, ADR=32] CALLI 32
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<address of interrupt routine>
SETPOV AC,
The SETPOV UUO is used to enable for old-style interrupts on
push-down stack overflow and underflow. This UUO takes the address
in AC and stores it in JOBAPR; thus this should be the address of
your interrupt handling routine. Then you are enabled for old-style
push-down interrupts, with any previous old-style enablings
discarded. Thus you cannot use this UUO if you want any old-style
interrupts other than push-down overflow/underflow.
SECTION 10--LIBRASCOPE FAST BAND STORAGE
User programs are allowed to use bands on the Librascope disk for
fast secondary storage. However, because the system uses Librascope
bands for holding swapped out jobs and because there are only a
limited number of bands, user programs should not depend on this
resource too heavily. The system may crash if there are not enough
bands for swapping.
Librascope storage is allocated in bands, with each band being
=76 * =1024 (76K) words long. Each band has =2432 sectors (numbered
from 0 to =2431); and each sector is =32 words long. When reading or
writing a fast band, you specify the number of the sector at which
the transfer is to start and the number of words to be read or
written. The number of words should always be a multiple of =32; if
it isn't, then it will be increased by the system to the next
multiple of =32 and that many words will be transferred, whether you
like it or not. If you read or write past the end of sector number
=2431, you will actually be reading/writing at the beginning of the
band (starting over with sector 0).
When requesting a Librascope fast band (with the UFBGET UUO, page
236) you may specify EITHER a logical band number from 0 to 37 by
which you can refer to the band that you are given OR the physical
number of a particular band that you want. A band number is taken as
a physical band number if it has the 400000 bit on; otherwise, it
will be interpreted as a logical band number. When you have been
assigned a fast band, you can expect it to contain whatever garbage
was last written on it.
Each fast band has associated with it a sector offset which indicates
where the logical beginning of the band (sector 0) is located
relative to the physical beginning of the band. The value of this
offset is generally irrelevant to the user except when he may want to
try to reclaim a particular band after some sort of catastrophe, such
as a system restart. At such a time, the user might want to tell the
system where on a particular band his data starts. This sector
offset can be set to a specific value with the UFBGET UUO, and it can
be determined (for instance when set by the system) for a particular
band with the UFBPHY UUO (see page 243). The value of the offset is
always between 0 and =1215 inclusive.
10.1 Getting and Releasing Fast Bands
Here are the UUOs used to obtain and release Librascope fast bands.
UFBGET [OP=047, ADR=400010] CALLI 400010
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<enable bits and offset>,,<band number>]
UFBGET AC,
<return if no bands available>
The UFBGET UUO is used to acquire one Librascope band. The right
half of AC should contain EITHER the logical band number (from 0 to
37) by which you will refer to the band you get OR the physical
number of a particular band that you want; physical band numbers must
have the 400000 bit on. Bits 1 (200000,,0 bit) and 2 (100000,,0 bit)
of AC are write- and read-enabling bits, respectively, which, if on,
allow other jobs to write and/or read this fast band of yours. Bits
7:17 (3777,,0 bits) of AC should contain the sector offset which you
wish this band to have, where zero means the system should choose
whatever offset it wants (see the above explanation of the offset).
To get a real offset of zero, turn on bit 0 (400000,,0 bit) in the AC
and make bits 7:17 zero.
If this UUO is successful, it takes the skip return and the physical
number of the band assigned to you is returned in AC (but without the
400000 bit on). If there are no bands available, or if a particular
band you have requested is unavailable, the direct (error) return is
taken.
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_<β2H4z8β I/O channels
closed, and then the job will be killed.
SLEEP [OP=047, ADR=31] CALLI 31
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<number of seconds to sleep>
SLEEP AC,
The SLEEP UUO causes your job to be stopped for the number of seconds
specified by the contents of the AC, which is interpreted
(approximately) modulo =69. If AC contains zero, your job will sleep
for 1/60 of a second. When the sleep time is up, your program is
resumed at the instruction immediately after the SLEEP. If you type
control-C or execute a UWAIT UUO at interrupt level while you are
sleeping, the SLEEP is terminated immediately.
RESET [OP=047, ADR=0] CALLI 0
--------------------------------------------------
RESET
The RESET UUO is used to reset various conditions pertaining to your
job. All monitor commands that get a new program into your core
image do a RESET first. Also, the "EXIT 0," UUO (see above) does a
RESET just before exiting. Here is a list of the things that happen
when a RESET is done:
All your((0DL I/O channels (including any currently saved with the
IOPUSH UUO) are released without being closed. That is, the
result is the same as that from doing a RELEAS <channel>,3
for every channel you have open. See the RELEAS UUO on page
45.
The state of program-controllable echoing of typed characters
is reset to echo all characters. This is done by clearing
the NOECHO bit (bit 28--the 0,,200 bit) and the NOECHB bit
(bit 27--the 0,,400 bit) in the TTY I/O status word (see
Section 13.2). See also Section 3.1.
The special-activation-mode bit (bit 11--the 100,,0 bit) is
cleared in your line characteristics word (see the GETLIN UUO
on page 77), and your special activation table is reset to
the standard special activation table (including extra bits
at the end of the table--see the SETACT UUO on page 84). Bit
3 (the 40000,,0 bit) in your line characteristics is also
cleared; this is the bit which lets you read all characters
typed (including line-editor commands) after a PTLOAD. Also,
the linefeed-insertion-inhibition bit (bit 16--the 2,,0 bit)
is cleared in your line characteristics unless you are
running on a PTY,
JOBFF in your job data area is reset from the value in the
left half of JOBSA. See Appendix 2.
Your user interrupt enablings (both new- and old-style) are
cleared. See Section 9.
UUO simulating is disabled. To re-enable it, you must do
another UUOSIM UUO (see page 255).
Your core image is unlocked from core. See the LOCK and
UNLOCK UUOs on page 258.
If you have a simulated upper segment created by the SETPR2
UUO (see page 188), it goes away. Note that the RESET UUO
does not affect any real upper segment you may have nor any
pseudo upper segment which the system may have created for
you (using SETPR2) if you tried to RUN or GET an SSAVEd
program at a time when there were no job slots available for
its upper segment.
Any spacewar processes you have are killed. See Section 8.
Any Librascope fast bands you have are released. See Section
10.
If there is a letter in your mailbox, it is thrown away. See
Section 7.
Any pseudo-teletypes (PTYs) you have are released along with
any jobs logged in on those PTYs. See Section 3.5.
Any extra Data Disc channels you have are released. See
Section 4.5.
If you are on a III or Data Disc display, your display is
reset to its initial state as would be done by a DPYCLR UUO
(see page 139 and Section 4 in general).
If you are on a Data Disc display, your video switch map is
reset to the permanent map. See Section 4.6.
If you are on a III or Data Disc display, your audio switch
connection is reset to the permanent connection. See Section
4.7.
SWAP [OP=047, ADR=400004] CALLI 400004
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[SAVADR,,GETADR]
SWAP AC,
SAVADR: <device name in sixbit>
<file name in sixbit>
<file name extension in sixbit>
<core size in 1K blocks>,,<starting address>
<project-programmer name>
GETADR: <device name in sixbit>
<file name in sixbit>
<file name extension in sixbit>,,<mode bits>
<core size in 1K blocks>,,<starting address increment>
<project-programmer name of file>
<project-programmer name for new job>
The SWAP UUO is used to save your core image in a file and/or get or
run another core image from a file. This UUO can also be used to
create a job and to start up a program on that job. The format of
the files used by this UUO is exactly that of the SAVE, GET, RUN and
R monitor commands. Note that SWAP does not allow saving upper
segments; in fact, SWAP kills your upper segment, if any, before
doing anything else. Also, SWAP does a RESET (see the RESET UUO
above) before saving or getting a core image.
If the left half of the AC is non-zero, then your core image will be
saved in the file described by the block pointed to by the left half
of the AC. After that, if the right half of AC is non-zero, then the
core image contained in the file described by the block pointed to by
the right-half of the AC is run or set up as either your core image
or that of a new job. If both halves of AC contain zero, the SWAP
UUO is a no-op.
Now for a few details.
If the left half of the AC is zero, no core image is saved. If it is
non-zero, it should point to a five-word block which contains (as
shown at SAVADR above) the specifications for the dump file to be
saved. These specifications include the device name, file name and
extension, and project-programmer name for the file, the amount of
core (in 1K blocks) to be saved and the starting address for the dump
file. Before the core image is saved, your job name is changed to
the primary name of the file to be written. If the core size
specified is zero, the amount of core you currently have will be
used. If the starting address is zero, the current starting address
of your job will be used. If the starting address is non-zero, it
will be copied into the right half of JOBSA in your job data area
before the core image is saved. If the extension is zero, 'DMP' will
be used. If the project-programmer name is zero, your current Disk
PPN is used (see page 20).
Next, if the right half of AC is zero, then no new core image is run.
If it is non-zero, it should point to a block which contains (as
shown at GETADR above) the specifications for the dump file to be
run. These include the device name, file name and extension, and
project-programmer name of the dump file, the core size it is to be
run in, the starting address increment, some special mode bits and,
if the dump file is to be run as a new job (independent of the job
giving the SWAP UUO), the project-programmer name under which that
job should be logged in. The starting address increment is added to
the starting address saved in the dump file to determine where the
program is to be started. The name of the job into whose core image
the dump file is read is set to the primary name of the file being
read. The mode bits are in the right half of the file extension word
and have the following meanings:
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF 1'S IN MODE BITS OF SWAP UUO
35 0,,1 The dump file will not be started;
instead, the message JOB SETUP will be
typed out and the job will be put into
monitor mode.
34 0,,2 The right half of GETADR+3 will be taken
as an absolute starting address rather
than as an increment.
33 0,,4 The program will be started on a new job
which will be logged in under the
project-programmer name at GETADR+5; if
this PPN is zero, your logged in PPN
will be used for the new job. If this
bit is off, then the word at GETADR+5 is
ignored.
32 0,,10 If starting up another job (bit 33 on),
the job will be started up as a phantom
rather than as a normal job (see the
WAKEME UUO on page 256). This means
that the JLOG bit in the job status word
(see the JBTSTS UUO on page 185) for the
new job will not be turned on; thus that
job will go away if it hits any sort of
error condition (such as a parity error
or a push-down stack overflow).
When you start up a new job with this UUO by having bit 33 on in
GETADR+2, the job number of the new job is returned in the AC
specified in the UUO. A zero is returned if no new job could be
started because there were no job slots left. When a new job is
successfully started, its ACs are copied from your ACs; but in the AC
specified in the SWAP UUO, the new job will get your job number
instead of its own. Thus the old job is given the number of the new
job and the new job is given the number of the old one. A new job
started up this way is given the same privilege bits as the old job
(the one executing the SWAP) provided the new job's login PPN is the
same as the old job's login PPN. Otherwise, the new job gets no
privileges.
If the ENTER fails on the file specified at SAVADR, or if the LOOKUP
fails on the file specified at GETADR, an error message will be typed
out and the program stopped.
RUN [OP=047, ADR=35] CALLI 35
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<starting address increment>,,GETADR]
RUN AC,
GETADR: <device name in sixbit>
<file name in sixbit>
<file name extension in sixbit>,,<mode bits>
0
<project-programmer name of file>
<core size in 1K blocks>
The RUN UUO is DEC's version of the SWAP UUO. Except for a slightly
different parameter format (see RUN UUO calling sequence above), the
only differences between SWAP and RUN are that with the RUN UUO, no
core image can be saved and no phantom job can be started up (mode
bits 32:33 are ignored). For details, see the SWAP UUO above.
TMPCOR [OP=047, ADR=44] CALLI 44
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<code>,,ADR]
TMPCOR AC,
<error return>
ADR: <filename>,,0
IOWD BLEN,BUF
BUF: BLOCK BLEN
Code Function
0 Return in AC the number of words of free TMPCOR space.
1 Read specified file.
2 Read and delete specified file.
3 Write specified file (deleting old version, if any).
4 Read TMPCOR directory.
5 Read and clear TMPCOR directory.
6 Read TMPCOR directory for all ALIASes.
7 Read and clear TMPCOR directory for all ALIASes.
The TMPCOR UUO allows a job to leave several short files in core from
the running of one program to the next. A RESET will not affect
these files, but all of a job's TMPCOR files are deleted when the job
is killed. TMPCOR files are provided mainly for communication
between programs running on the same job; however, the TMPCOR files
of other jobs can be read (but not written) with the TMPCRD UUO
described below. This system of temporary storage improves response
times by reducing the number of disk operations necessary for storage
and retrieval of temporary data. A TMPCOR file must be written or
read all in one dump-mode operation¬you cannot pick up reading or
writing where you left off; however, when reading a TMPCOR file, you
do not have to read the entire file. The sum of the sizes of all the
TMPCOR files for a single job is not allowed to exceed 400 words.
Each TMPCOR file has an EXPLICIT three-character sixbit file name and
an IMPLICIT project-programmer name (PPN). When you create a
temporary file, the file is given your current ALIAS (Disk PPN) as
its project-programmer name. To reference the file later using the
TMPCOR UUO either to read, delete or overwrite it or to find it in a
TMPCOR directory, your ALIAS must be equal to the file's PPN (i.e.,
your ALIAS when the file was written). The TMPCRD UUO (see below)
allows you to access files written with PPNs other than your current
ALIAS.
For the TMPCOR UUO, AC left should contain a code that indicates
which one of several functions is to be performed. AC right should
hold the address of a two-word block which contains, as indicated
above, the name of the file being referenced (if any) and the length
(BLEN) and location (BUF) of the user buffer area from which or into
which data is to written or read. When this UUO returns, AC will
contain a value that depends on the function executed. This UUO
skips on successful completion of the function and takes the direct
(error) return otherwise. Each function is described separately
below.
CODE FUNCTION
0 Get free TMPCOR space. The number of remaining words
of TMPCOR space available to the job is returned in AC.
This function always takes the skip return. (The
two-word block at ADR is not referenced by this
function.)
1 Read file. If the specified file exists, as much of it
as possible is read into the user's buffer area (at
BUF), the length of the file is returned in AC and the
skip return is taken. If the file does not exist, the
number of words of free TMPCOR space is returned in AC
and the direct (error) return is taken.
2 Read and delete file. This function is the same as
function 1 except that the file is deleted after it is
read.
3 Write file. If a file already exists with the
specified name, it is deleted. Next, if there is
enough TMPCOR space for the new file (whose size is
given by BLEN), then the file is written (with the data
at BUF), the number of remaining free TMPCOR words is
returned in AC and the skip return is taken. If there
is not enough space to write the file completely, then
the file is not written, the number of remaining free
TMPCOR words is returned in AC and the direct (error)
return is taken.
4 Read directory. The number of different TMPCOR files
with the appropriate PPN (ALIAS) is returned in AC and
a 1-word entry is made in the user's buffer area
(beginning at BUF) for each such file until either
there is no more space or all the files have been
listed. The entry for a file has the following format:
<name>,,<size>
where <name> is the filename and <size> is the file
length in words. This function always takes the skip
return.
5 Read and clear directory. This function is the same as
function 4 except that after the directory is read, all
of the user's TMPCOR files with the appropriate PPN
(ALIAS) are deleted.
6 Read directory for all ALIASes. The number of
different TMPCOR files (with any PPNs/ALIASes) is
returned in AC and a 2-word entry is made in the user's
buffer area (beginning at BUF) for each such file until
either there is no more space or all the files have
been listed. The entry for a file has the following
format:
<PPN/ALIAS>
<name>,,<size>
where <PPN/ALIAS> is the ALIAS of the job when the file
was created, <name> is the filename, and <size> is the
file length in words. This function always takes the
skip return.
7 Read and clear directory for all ALIASes. This
function is the same as function 6 except that after
the directory is read, all of the job's TMPCOR files
(for all PPNs/ALIASes) are deleted.
TMPCRD [OP=047, ADR=400103] CALLI 400103
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<code>,,ADR]
TMPCOR AC,
<error return>
ADR: <filename>,,<job number>
IOWD BLEN,BUF
<PPN for TMPCOR file>
BUF: BLOCK BLEN
Code Function
0 Return in AC the number of words of free TMPCOR space.
1 Read specified file.
2 Read and delete specified file.
3 Write specified file (deleting old version, if any).
4 Read TMPCOR directory.
5 Read and clear TMPCOR directory.
6 Read TMPCOR directory for all ALIASes.
7 Read and clear TMPCOR directory for all ALIASes.
The TMPCRD UUO is like the TMPCOR UUO above except that it allows
access to the temporary files of any job and the PPN of files to be
referenced can be specified explicitly. The number of the job whose
files you want to reference should be in the right half of the
filename word at ADR. A zero job number means your own job. Only
function codes 0, 1, 4, and 6 are allowed when accessing another
job's temporary files; other function codes will result in an ILLEGAL
UUO. The PPN used is that contained in the word at ADR+2, unless
that word is zero, in which case the login PPN (NOT ALIAS) of the
specified job is used. See the precise explanations of the various
functions under the TMPCOR UUO above. All the functions skip on
success.
UUOSIM [OP=047, ADR=400106] CALLI 400106
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
UUOSIM AC,
ADR: <PC saved here for normal UUOs>
<UUO saved here for normal UUOs>
<PC to transfer to for normal UUOs>
ADR+3: <PC saved here for I-level UUOs>
<UUO saved here for I-level UUOs>
<PC to transfer to for I-level UUOs>
ADR+6: <PC saved here for spacewar UUOs>
<UUO saved here for spacewar UUOs>
<PC to transfer to for spacewar UUOs>
The UUOSIM UUO allows a user to have all UUOs trap to certain
locations in his core image instead of being executed by the system.
At the same time the user can still have the system execute whatever
UUOs the user needs. The UUOSIM UUO passes to the system the address
of a 9-word block which consists of three contiguous 3-word blocks,
each specifying what the system should do when a certain kind of UUO
is given. The first 3-word block indicates what should be done on
UUOs given by the user's main program; the second 3-word block
pertains to UUOs given at interrupt level; the third block is for
UUOs given at spacewar level on the PDP-10. (Note that UUOs can
NEVER be executed on the PDP-6.) The address of the 9-word block
should be in the AC specified in the UUOSIM UUO. After this UUO is
executed, subsequent UUOs will cause the following action, using the
appropriate 3-word block as mentioned above.
If the second word of the block is non-zero or if the third word is
zero, then the UUO is executed by the system in the usual manner.
Otherwise, the PC at the time the UUO was encountered is saved in the
first word of the block, the UUO itself is stored in the second word
of the block and control is transferred to the PC specified in the
third word of the block. Note that the PC stored in the first word
has already been incremented; it points to the instruction
immediately following the UUO. Note also that the UUO stored in the
second word has already had the effective address calculation carried
out; the effective address is in the address field and the indirect
and index fields will be zero. The prior test for the second word
being non-zero has the effect of disabling user handling of UUOs
issued by the user's UUO handler itself.
To undo the above effect of the UUOSIM UUO, give the UUOSIM UUO with
zero in the specified AC and with ADR+1 (from the original UUOSIM
given) containing a non-zero value so that this UUO will not simply
be handed back to you. The RESET UUO (see page 250) will also
disable further special user handling of system UUOs (but again you
must force the system to handle the RESET itself).
WAKEME [OP=047, ADR=400061] CALLI 400061
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
WAKEME AC,
<error return>
ADR: <phantom's jobname in sixbit>
<phantom's PPN in sixbit>
<data>
data < 0 means never start this job
data = 0 means start this job now if it is not already running
data > 0 means start this job at the time specified by <data>,
where <data> = <date>,,<time in minutes>
The WAKEME UUO is used to start up, or prevent from starting up, any
of the system phantom jobs. A phantom is a job started by the system
to do some system-related work but which runs as a user job. Phantom
jobs run detached with the JLOG bit off in the job status word (see
the JBTSTS UUO on page 185). The JLOG bit being off means that the
job will go away if it hits an error (such as a parity error or
illegal memory reference). Also, if you type a monitor command line
to a job with the JLOG bit off, the job will go away immediately.
For this UUO, AC should contain the address of a three word block.
The first two words of this block should have, in sixbit, the name of
the phantom to be started up and the project-programmer name where
that phantom lives. The third word of the block should contain a
code indicating what the system should do about the phantom. A
negative code indicates that the phantom should never get started up,
a zero code means that the phantom should be started now unless it is
already running, and a positive code represents a date (left half)
and time (right half) when the phantom should be started up. The
date is in system date format (see the DATE UUO on page 165) and the
time is in minutes after midnight.
If there is no phantom in the system's table with the jobname and PPN
given, the error return is taken. Otherwise, the skip return is
taken.
N.B. You should not use this UUO unless you are the person
responsible for the phantom you are referencing or unless you are
absolutely sure that what you are doing is okay.
JOBRD [OP=047, ADR=400050] CALLI 400050
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
JOBRD AC,
<error return - code in ADR+1>
ADR: <job name or number>
-<word count>,,<address of data in his core image>
<address in your core image where data is to go>
Error codes: 1 non-existent job number (job number = 0)
2 ambiguous job name
3 non-existent job name (or job number > 77)
4 address out of bounds (either in your
core image or in his)
5 job not logged in
6 block too large (more than 1K)
The JOBRD UUO allows you to read a block of data out of the core
image of another job. The data is BLTed from his core image to
yours. AC should contain the address of a three word block, the
first word of which should contain either the sixbit name or the
number of the job whose data you wish to copy. The left half of the
second word should contain the negated count of the number of words
to be read; the right half of the second word should contain the
address of the block in the other job that you want to copy. The
third word should contain the address in your core image where you
want the data to be put. The maximum size block that can be read
using this UUO is 1K (=1024 words).
If this UUO fails for any reason, the direct (error) return is taken
and a code indicating the cause of failure is placed in ADR+1. A
list of the possible error conditions and their codes is given above.
If this UUO succeeds in transferring the data, the skip return is
taken.
LOCK [OP=047, ADR=400076] CALLI 400076
--------------------------------------------------
LOCK AC,
The LOCK UUO is used to lock your job in core so that you can be sure
that you will not be either swapped out or shuffled in core. Upon
return from this UUO, you will have been locked in core and AC will
contain your job's protection-relocation constant. Your protection
constant (in the left half of AC) is the highest address in your core
image and always ends in 1777. The relocation constant (in the right
half of AC) is the value that is added to each memory address you
reference, in order to get the real memory address of the desired
word in your core image.
Jobs with upper segments are not allowed to lock themselves in core.
To undo the effect of the LOCK UUO, you can use the UNLOCK UUO (see
below) or the RESET UUO (see page 250). Any system-detected error
condition will also cause an UNLOCK to be done, as will any attempt
to change your core size with the CORE UUO (see page 172). The LOCK
UUO itself will first do an UNLOCK before locking you in.
The LOCK UUO should be used only when really necessary. When users
are locked in core, there is less core available for normal users who
are being swapped in and out; and when there are or have recently
been two or more users locked in core, there is the possibility of
having a hole in core that cannot be used (except for other locked
jobs). A job that must remain locked in core for some time should
give the LOCK UUO over again whenever there is a chance to do so
because this causes the job first to be unlocked, then shuffled to
fill any hole and finally locked again.
UNLOCK [OP=047, ADR=400077] CALLI 400077
--------------------------------------------------
UNLOCK
The UNLOCK UUO is used to unlock your job from core after you have
used the LOCK UUO (see above) to lock it. Many other things also
cause an UNLOCK to be done. These are listed under the LOCK UUO
above.
SETDDT [OP=047, ADR=2] CALLI 2
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,<address of DDT or RAID>
SETDDT AC,
The SETDDT UUO is used to tell the system the starting address of DDT
or RAID in your core image. This address is saved in JOBDDT in your
job data area (see Appendix 2); however, you are not allowed to
change this value directly--you must use this UUO instead. The DDT
monitor command starts your program at the address contained in
JOBDDT if that address is non-zero.
SPWBUT [OP=047, ADR=400000] CALLI 400000
--------------------------------------------------
SPWBUT AC,
The SPWBUT UUO returns in the AC the value of the spacewar buttons.
Each spacewar button controls one bit in this value. The bit is a
one if the circuit represented by that bit is open and a zero if the
circuit is closed. Only bits 22:26 and 28:35 (the 0,,37377 bits) are
currently wired up. If the buttons are unplugged, the wired-up bits
will all be on (value of 0,,37377).
The regular spacewar buttons only utilize the low-order 8 bits (bits
28:35--the 0,,377 bits). At the time of this writing, these buttons
use normally-closed switches (bit values of zero) except that the
switch for bit 34 (the 0,,2 bit) is normally open (bit value of one).
This means that with the buttons plugged in and not depressed, the
value of the spacewar buttons is 0,,37002. No claim is made,
however, that new buttons will not replace those that are described
in this paragraph. To be sure what kind of switches are in the
buttons, find and examine the buttons yourself.
EIOTM [OP=047, ADR=400005] CALLI 400005
--------------------------------------------------
EIOTM
The EIOTM UUO puts you into IOT-USER mode, in which opcodes from 700
up are executed as machine I/O instructions rather than as UUOs.
This mode is described further in Appendix 1.
LOGIN [OP=047, ADR=15] CALLI 15
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[-N,,ADR]
LOGIN AC,
ADR: <project programmer name>
<privilege bits>
The LOGIN UUO is used by the LOGIN program to log in a job. This UUO
is illegal if JLOG in your job status word is already set (i.e., if
you are already logged in). If JLOG is not already set, then this
UUO turns it on and turns off JACCT in your job status word. Also,
it is used to set the logged in PPN for the job and the job's
privilege bits. AC right should contain a pointer to a table of up
to two words. The first word in the table should contain the PPN the
job is to get and the second word should contain the privilege bits
the job is to get. AC left should contain the negative of the number
of words in the table that are to be set as indicated. Thus to set
both PPN and privileges, AC left should contain -2; to set only the
PPN, AC left should be -1. Values (of the PPN and privileges) that
are not set from the table at ADR are cleared to zero. The privilege
bits are set both in your active privileges and in your passive
privileges (see the GETPRV UUO on page 178).
LOGOUT [OP=047, ADR=17] CALLI 17
--------------------------------------------------
LOGOUT
The LOGOUT UUO is provided for the LOGOUT program to kill its job.
This UUO is illegal if JACCT is not on in your job status word. If
JACCT is on, the job is killed.
SECTION 12--OBSOLETE OR OTHERWISE USELESS UUOS
This section documents some UUOs that still work but which, for
various reasons, are obsolete. Mentioned at the end of this section
are some other UUOs that are even more obsolete in that they do not
work. In general, there are better ways to do the things all of
these UUOs do, but the documentation is included for completeness and
for the benefit of people trying to decode rusty old programs which
use these UUOs. Users are to be discouraged from using these in any
new pieces of code.
12.1 Old UUOs
Here are some UUOs that still work although they are generally
unnecessary.
INTIIP [OP=047, ADR=400031] CALLI 400031
--------------------------------------------------
INTIIP AC,
The INTIIP UUO is designed to be given by a process running at
interrupt level. It returns in AC the bit representing the source of
the current interrupt. This is a copy of the value of JOBCNI at the
time your interrupt-level routine is started up. Thus it is much
more efficient to do a MOVE AC,JOBCNI and the results are the same.
If you give this UUO when you are not at interrupt level, then zero
is returned in AC.
USKIP [OP=047, ADR=400041] CALLI 400041
--------------------------------------------------
USKIP
<return if no UUO in progress>
The USKIP UUO can be used by an interrupt-level process to determine
if the interrupted program was in the middle of executing a UUO.
USKIP will skip if there was a UUO in progress at the time the
interrupt occurred and will take the direct return if no UUO was
being executed. Thus this UUO will tell you whether a UWAIT will
return immediately. The same information can be obtained by
examining the user-mode bit (bit 5--the 10000,,0 bit) in JOBTPC; the
user-mode bit will be on unless a UUO was in progress.
The USKIP UUO is illegal except at interrupt level.
LIOTM [OP=047, ADR=400006] CALLI 400006
--------------------------------------------------
LIOTM
The LIOTM UUO gets you out of IOT-USER mode, thus making opcodes over
700 into UUOs again. However, this function can be achieved without
doing a UUO at all. For instance, the instruction
JRST 2,@[.+1]
will also get you out of IOT-USER mode. See the writeup of IOT-USER
mode in Appendix 1.
DDTIN [OP=047, ADR=1] CALLI 1
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
DDTIN AC,
ADR: <21 word block for returned characters>
The DDTIN UUO is used to read in all characters that have been typed
on the terminal attached to your job. This UUO does not wait for any
special activation character; it just reads whatever is in the TTY
input buffer and returns those characters in the block pointed to by
the contents of AC. This block should be at least 21 words long in
order to hold all the characters being read; at most =84 characters
will be read. The characters are returned as an ASCIZ string at ADR
(7 bits per character, 5 characters per word, with a null (zero) byte
after the last character read).
If the TTY input buffer is empty, this UUO will not return until a
character is typed. Thus at least one character is returned each
time this UUO is given.
TTYUUO (see Section 3.3) provides generally more convenient ways of
reading characters from the terminal.
DDTOUT [OP=047, ADR=3] CALLI 3
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
DDTOUT AC,
ADR: <ASCIZ string to be typed out>
The DDTOUT UUO types out an ASCIZ string on the terminal. AC should
contain the address of the first word of the string. The string is
terminated by the first null (zero) byte. The OUTSTR UUO (see page
74) is the recommended way of typing out strings although this UUO
still works.
GETCHR [OP=047, ADR=6] CALLI 6
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<device name in sixbit, or channel number>]
GETCHR AC,
The GETCHR UUO does exactly the same thing as the DEVCHR UUO; see
page 61.
SETNAM [OP=047, ADR=400002] CALLI 400002
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[<sixbit job name>]
SETNAM AC,
The SETNAM UUO is used to change your job name to that given in the
AC. Any job name is legal. This UUO does exactly the same thing as
the SETNAM UUO which is CALLI 43.
SEGSIZ [OP=047, ADR=400022] CALLI 400022
--------------------------------------------------
SEGSIZ AC,
The SEGSIZ UUO returns in AC the size of your upper segment. The
size returned is the protection constant of your segment, i.e., the
number of words in it minus one. If you have no upper segment
attached, zero is returned.
This segment size can be found out more easily by looking at JOBHRL
in the job data area (see Appendix 2).
12.2 Useless UUOs
Each of the following unimplemented UUOs is either illegal or a no-op
except XPARMS, whose CALLI number has been re-used for another UUO
(TMPCRD).
DDTGT [OP=047, ADR=5] CALLI 5
DDTRL [OP=047, ADR=7] CALLI 7
TRPSET [OP=047, ADR=25] CALLI 25
TRPJEN [OP=047, ADR=26] CALLI 26
GETSEG [OP=047, ADR=40] CALLI 40
GETTAB [OP=047, ADR=41] CALLI 41
SPY [OP=047, ADR=42] CALLI 42
RUNMSK [OP=047, ADR=400046] CALLI 400046
GDPTIM [OP=047, ADR=400065] CALLI 400065
DSKTIM [OP=047, ADR=400072] CALLI 400072
XPARMS formerly [OP=047, ADR=400103] CALLI 400103
[OP=042]
[OP=044]
[OP=045]
[OP=046]
[OP=052]
[OP=053]
[OP=054]
[OP=700]
SECTION 13--INDIVIDUAL DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS
This section reveals the idiosyncrasies of each of the various I/O
devices and of the system in handling these devices. Each device is
described in a separate subsection. For features common to all (or
most) of these devices, consult Section 2. For the common bits in
the device I/O status word, see specifically Section 2.6.
13.1 The Disk (DSK and new-style UDP)
Except where noted below, all explanations in this section apply both
to device DSK and to new-style usage of device UDP1. However, these
are two different devices, each with its own MFD (Master File
Directory); that is, DSK:OPTION.TXT[S,SYS] and UDP1:OPTION.TXT[S,SYS]
are different files.
Disk storage is organized by files. Each file is allocated one or
more disk blocks depending on the size of the file. Each block is
2.25K words long and consists of =18 records of =128 (200 octal)
words each. All disk activity is in terms of whole records. In
buffered mode, this means that exactly 200 words of data are
transferred for each buffer, regardless of the actual buffer size;
thus using a non-standard size buffer for disk I/O should not be
attempted. In dump mode an output command to write a number of words
that is not a multiple of 200 will cause the last record written by
the command to be filled with zeroes. These zeroes will not be
included in the word count for the file if and only if they are part
of the last record in the file.
WARNING: With a dump mode output command indicating an ODD number of
words, the low order 4 bits (the 0,,17 bits) of the last word will be
written out as zero regardless of their actual values. Thus to
ensure that a dump mode output does not lose any data, you should
make sure either that there are an even number of words in the
transfer or that the last 4 bits of the last word do not hold any
significant data (for instance you can add a zero word after the last
normal data word).
In buffered mode, disk I/O is optimized to account for block
boundaries. On output, this means that filled buffers will not
actually get written out until there is only one empty buffer left or
until enough buffers have been filled to finish out a whole block.
On input, as much of a whole block as will fit into your buffers is
transferred all at one time.
Each file belongs to some project-programmer name (PPN). For each
PPN, there is a special file called the UFD (User File Directory)
which contains the names of all the files on that disk area (i.e.,
all the files with that PPN). Every UFD is a file on the disk area
[1,1]. The filename for a given PPN's UFD consists of the PPN itself
as the primary name (project code in the left half, programmer name
in the right half, each half being right-justified), the extension
".UFD" and the PPN [1,1]. For example, the UFD for the disk area
[FOO,BAZ] is the file FOOBAZ.UFD[1,1]. The UFD for disk area [1,1]
is " 1 1.UFD[1,1]" and is called the MFD (Master File Directory).
The MFD of course contains the names of all the files on [1,1], which
files are in fact the UFDs for the various disk areas. The date and
time written for a UFD on device DSK: are the date and time of the
last LOGOUT done by that PPN.
Any UFD (including the MFD) can be read just like any other file.
Each UFD consists of a number of 4-word entries, each of which either
points to a file or is unused. These 4-word entries have the
following format:
<file name>
<file extension>,,<high-order date written bits; creation date>
<protection, mode, time written, and low-order date written bits>
<disk block number for first block in the file>
The first three words are exactly the first three words you get back
from a successful LOOKUP (see page 32). The <file name> of an entry
not in use is zero.
Long Block LOOKUPs, ENTERs and RENAMEs
If the 0,,400 bit (bit 27) is on in the I/O status word when you give
a LOOKUP, ENTER or RENAME UUO for the disk, then the UUO uses a
6-word block rather than the usual 4-word block (see these UUOs
starting on page 32). An ENTER using the 6-word block will set the
file's date and time written directly from the third word of the
block rather than from the current time and date.
The fifth word of the block holds the date (in system date format) on
which the file was last referenced. The sixth word of the block
contains the date the file was last dumped on magnetic tape for disk
backup. The format of this word is as follows:
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF FIELDS IN DUMP-DATE WORD
4 20000,,0 This bit is a one if this dump-date word
is invalid.
24:35 0,,7777 This is the date last dumped, in system
date format (see the DATE UUO on page
165).
0 400000,,0 This bit is a one if the file was last
dumped on a temporary class dump. This
bit is zero if the dump was of system
permanent class.
9:20 777,,700000 These bits hold the number of the tape
on which the file was last dumped.
1:3 340000,,0 These bits hold the number of times this
file has been dumped in permanent class
dumps.
Record Offset
In the normal case, the data in a disk file starts in the first
record of the first block allocated to the file. However, it is
sometimes convenient to use the first few records of a file to store
special data which is associated with the file but which is not
really part of the file. To this end, the record offset feature was
added to the disk system. This feature allows a user to HIDE any
number of records at the beginning of a file simply by specifying the
physical record number of the first record of the normal part of the
file. When this is done, any program doing normal disk I/O with this
file will never see the hidden records; however, any programs that
need to access the hidden part can do so easily.
In a disk file, logical record number 1 is the first record of the
normal part of the file. The last hidden record is logical record
number 0, and preceding records are given successive negative
numbers. Thus, in a file with N hidden records, the first physical
record of the file would be logical record number -N+1, the remaining
hidden records would be numbered, -N+2, -N+3, ..., -1, and 0. The
first logical record of such a file would be physical record number
N+1.
To access the hidden records (which come before logical record 1),
use the USETI and USETO UUOs (see Section 2.14) with the appropriate
logical record number. Note that in these UUOs the effective address
is interpreted as a signed twos-complement number which specifies the
logical record number of interest.
To set the record offset for a file, a special form of the MTAPE UUO
for the disk is used. MTAPE for disk has several uses; you indicate
the one you want by specifying a function number along with the MTAPE
UUO. The function number for the set-offset UUO is 21. Another
MTAPE (function number 20) can be used to retrieve the current value
of the record offset. In both cases the actual offset number used is
the PHYSICAL RECORD NUMBER OF THE FIRST LOGICAL RECORD of the file,
i.e., the number of hidden records plus one. The get-offset and
set-offset UUOs are described in detail below in the MTAPE writeup;
see MTAPEs with function numbers 20 and 21 on page 282.
Disk I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
27 0,,400 DMPBIT Use 6-word blocks in LOOKUP,
ENTER and RENAME.
28 0,,200 GARBIT Suppress error message when
disk is full or bad retrieval
from LOOKUP, ENTER or RENAME;
take error return instead.
MTAPE UUOs for the Disk
MTAPE [OP=072]
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR ;MTAPE form for the DISK
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/
<function number>
<other arguments depending on function>
...
This form of the MTAPE UUO is used to do special things with the
disk. The exact meaning of this UUO depends on the contents of the
words at ADR and ADR+1. To execute any of the functions listed
below, you must have INITed or OPENed the disk on the channel
indicated by the AC field of the UUO.
If the word at ADR contains -1 (instead of SIXBIT /GODMOD/ as shown
in the sample call above), then the program will be stopped with the
message ILLEGAL UUO. If the word at ADR contains neither -1 nor
'GODMOD', then the USET pointer for the file open on this channel
will be returned in the word at ADR. This is the value which can be
set by a USETI, USETO or UGETF UUO (see Section 2.14).
If the word at ADR contains 'GODMOD', then the function to be
executed is determined by the function number contained in ADR+1.
The various such functions are explained below along with
descriptions of what the block at ADR should contain when the UUO is
called for that function. Some of these functions require that a
file be open on the indicated channel. Also, some functions take the
skip return on success and the direct return on errors; other
functions always take the direct return. Finally, some of these
functions require you to have certain privileges in order to execute
them. See the writeups below for details.
Absolute disk addresses specified in the MTAPEs below for a UDP are
taken relative to the first block (the SAT block) of the particular
UDP and are limited to blocks on that UDP. MTAPEs for device DSK can
reference all disk blocks, including UDP blocks.
The SATID for a UDP is a SIXBIT name which is intended to agree with
the name written on the pack label. This is not to be confused with
the UDP password. The last block of a UDP is still used for a
password, as with old-style UDPs. However, the password need not be
given for new-style operations, which are protected by the same
protection-key scheme used with the DSK. The UDP password is also
stored as the password for the UDP disk area [1,1].
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;GET USET POINTER
0
Function 0 for a disk MTAPE gives you the current value of the USET
pointer for the file open on this channel. This is the value which
can be set by a USETI, USETO or UGETF UUO (see Section 2.14). The
pointer is returned in ADR+1 (where the 0 was).
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;DISK ABSOLUTE READ
1 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
IOWD <word count>,<first address>
<sign-bit flag and record number>,,<disk block address>
Function 1 for a disk MTAPE reads into your core image from a
specified absolute location on the disk. The address where you want
the data to go and the number of words to be read should be in an
IOWD word at ADR+2. The disk block that you want to read from and
the record number within the block where you want to start reading
should occupy the right and left halves respectively of the word at
ADR+3. If the sign bit is on in ADR+3, then the transfer will be
done using one of the extra blocks at the end of system disk pack 0;
in that case the device must not be a UDP and the disk block address
should be relative to the end of pack 0. You cannot read from more
than one block at a time with this UUO. If this function is
successful, it takes the skip return; if there are any errors, the
direct return is taken. You must have the INF privilege to execute
this function.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;DISK ABSOLUTE WRITE
2 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
IOWD <word count>,<first address>
<sign-bit flag and record number>,,<disk block address>
Function 2 for a disk MTAPE writes data from your core image to a
specified absolute location on the disk. The address of the data in
your core image and the number of words to be written should be in an
IOWD word at ADR+2. The disk block that you want to write and the
record number within the block where you want to start writing should
occupy the right and left halves respectively of the word at ADR+3.
If the sign bit is on in ADR+3, then the transfer will be done to one
of the extra blocks at the end of system disk pack 0; in that case
the device must not be a UDP and the disk block address should be
relative to the end of pack 0. You cannot write on more than one
block at a time with this UUO. If this function is successful, it
takes the skip return; if there are any errors, the direct return is
taken. You must have the DAW privilege to execute this function.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;SET SAT BIT
3
<disk block address>
Function 3 for a disk MTAPE sets the SAT bit corresponding to a
particular disk address. The SAT table indicates which blocks on the
disk are in use; blocks in use have the corresponding bit on and
blocks unused have the bit off. You must have the DAW privilege to
execute this function, which marks a block as in use.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;CLEAR SAT BIT
4
<disk block address>
Function 4 for a disk MTAPE clears the SAT bit corresponding to a
particular disk address. You must have the DAW privilege to execute
this function, which marks a block as unused.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;READ SAT TABLE
5
IOWD <word count>,<first address>
<relative address in SAT table>
Function 5 for a disk MTAPE reads a portion of the SAT table into
your core image. The amount and destination of the read is indicated
in an IOWD word at ADR+2. The address in the SAT table where you
want to start reading (relative to SATTAB) is specified in ADR+3.
The SAT table indicates which blocks on the disk are in use; blocks
in use have the corresponding bit on and blocks unused have the bit
off.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;WRITE SAT TABLE
6
IOWD <word count>,<first address>
<relative address in SAT table>
Function 6 for a disk MTAPE writes a portion of the SAT table from
your core image. The amount and address of the data to be written is
indicated in an IOWD word at ADR+2. The first address in the SAT
table (relative to SATTAB) that you want to write is specified by the
word at ADR+3. You must have the DAW privilege to execute this
function.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;FORCE SAT TABLE TO BE WRITTEN OUT
7
Function 7 for a disk MTAPE forces the SAT table which the system has
in core to be written out onto the disk.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;READ SPECIAL 5 WORDS OF FILE INFORMATION
10 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<address of 5-word block to receive file information>
Function 10 for a disk MTAPE reads the special 5 words of information
for a file into your core image. A successful LOOKUP must have been
done on this channel. The address where you want the 5 words to go
should be in the word at ADR+2. If this function succeeds, the skip
return is taken. If no LOOKUP has been done, the direct (error)
return will be taken. You must have the INF privilege to execute
this function. The information kept in these special 5 words is
described below separately for normal files and for UFDs.
WORD CONTENTS OF SPECIAL 5 WORDS FOR NORMAL FILES
0 Zero.
1 Zero.
2 The name of the job that created this file. This will
be the same as the name of the file if it was created
with either of the monitor commands SAVE and SSAVE.
3 The login PPN of the job that created this file.
4 The record offset for this file. See page 279.
WORD CONTENTS OF SPECIAL 5 WORDS FOR UFDS
0 The password for this PPN, in sixbit and right
justified.
1 The privilege bits for this PPN. See the descriptions
of the privilege bits under the GETPRV UUO on page 178.
2 The date and time of the last login by this PPN, not
counting logins using the delimiter period (.). The
date is in the left half in system date format, and the
time is in the right half in minutes after midnight.
3 Bits 0:8 (777000,,0 bits) of this word contain the
default protection for this UFD. If bit 9 (the 400,,0
bit) in this word is on, then this PPN is allowed to
log in from remote locations without giving a password
and this PPN is not given the LUP privilege when it
logs in.
4 The record offset for this UFD as a file. See page
279.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;WRITE SPECIAL 5 WORDS OF FILE INFORMATION
11 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<address of 5-word block to be written out>
Function 11 for a disk MTAPE writes out the special 5 words of
information into the retrieval for the file open on this channel.
The address of the 5 words you want written out should be in the word
at ADR+2. If this function succeeds, the skip return is taken. If
there is no file open on this channel, the direct (error) return will
be taken. You must have the DAW privilege to execute this function.
The information kept in the special 5 words is described above
separately for normal files and for UFDs.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;READ FLOPPY DISK
12 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<address of 200-word block to receive diagnostic program>
<floppy disk address>
Function 12 for a disk MTAPE reads a 200-word block of a diagnostic
program from the floppy disk into your core image. The word at ADR+2
should contain the address in your core image where you want the
diagnostic program deposited. The floppy disk address from which you
want to read should be contained in ADR+3. This function takes the
skip return if it is successful; if there are any I/O errors, the
direct return is taken.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;EXECUTE DIAGNOSTIC PROGRAM
13 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<address of 200-word block containing diagnostic program>
<address of 4-word block for error codes>
Function 13 for a disk MTAPE sends a 200-word diagnostic program from
your core image to the disk controller to be executed and returns 4
words of error code that resulted from running the program. This
function takes the skip return if it is successful; if there are any
I/O errors, the direct return is taken. You must have the DAW
privilege to execute this function.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;READ FILE RETRIEVAL
14 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
IOWD <word count>,<first address>
Function 14 for a disk MTAPE reads up to 40 words of file retrieval
into the user's core image. The number of words to be read and the
address where they are to go should be indicated in an IOWD word at
ADR+2. There must be a file open on this channel. If this function
is successful, the skip return is taken; if no file is open, the
direct (error) return is taken. If you use this function to read the
retrieval of a file on the disk area [1,1], then the special 5 words
of file information for that file will be returned as zeroes unless
you have the INF privilege.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;COMPARE ONE OF 5 SPECIAL WORDS OF FILE INFO
15 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<number of the word you want to compare with, from 0 and 4>
<data to be compared>
Function 15 for a disk MTAPE compares a data word from your core
image with one of the special 5 words of file information for the
file open on this channel. Which word you want to compare with is
indicated by a number from 0 to 4 in ADR+2. The data word you want
to compare against the magic word should be located at ADR+3. If the
words compared are the same, this function takes the skip return. If
the words are different, or if there is no file open on this channel,
then the direct return is taken. The information kept in the special
5 words is described above separately for normal files and for UFDs;
see disk MTAPE number 10 above ("read special 5 words of file
13.1 I/O Devices The Disk (DSK and new-style UDP) 282
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;INCLUDE RECORD IN FILE
16 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<record number>
Function 16 for a disk MTAPE allows you to include an existing record
in the word count for a file. This is useful if you have managed to
write out some data to extend a file but the file was never closed
(system crash, etc.). The number of the last record you wish added
to the file should be in ADR+2. If this function is successful, the
skip return is taken and the USET pointer for the file is left
pointing to the indicated record with IODEND (end of file flag)
cleared. (If the record specified is not beyond the end of the file,
the only result will be to have changed the USET pointer and to have
cleared IODEND, and the skip return will be taken.) If there is no
file open on this channel, or if the record you specified does not
exist, the direct (error) return is taken.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;UPDATE RETRIEVAL
17
Function 17 for a disk MTAPE forces all pointers and header
information for the file being written on this channel to be updated.
This is mainly useful when extending a file in Read-Alter mode.
After this function has been executed, all the data written into the
file is included in the retrieval. So if the system crashes, the
word count for the file will be up to date.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;GET RECORD OFFSET
20
<record number returned here>
<physical file length returned here>
Function 20 for a disk MTAPE returns the physical record number of
the first logical record of the file open on this channel. This
record number is returned at ADR+2; the physical length of the file,
including any hidden records, is returned at ADR+3. See the record
offset feature on page 279.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;SET RECORD OFFSET
21 ;This function takes SKIP return on success.
<physical record number of first logical record>
Function 21 for a disk MTAPE is used to set the record offset for the
file open on this channel. The physical record number of the record
which is henceforth to be considered the first logical record of the
file should be in the specified at ADR+2. If this function succeeds,
the skip return is taken. If there is no file open on this channel,
or if some other error occurs, then the direct (error) return is
taken. See the record offset feature on page 279.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;GET FREE BLOCK COUNT
22
<address of word to receive result>
Function 22 for a disk MTAPE is used to get the count of free blocks
on the device. The word at ADR+2 should contain the address of the
word into which the free block count is to be placed.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: SIXBIT /GODMOD/ ;GET SATID
23
<address of word to receive result>
Function 23 for a disk MTAPE is used to get the SATID of the device.
The word at ADR+2 should contain the address of the word into which
the SATID is to be placed. The SATID for a UDP is a SIXBIT name
which is intended to agree with the name written on the pack label.
This is not to be confused with the UDP password.
13.2 TTYs
Here are the meanings of some special bits in the TTY I/O status word
(device TTYn, n=0 to 144). For meanings of bits common to all
devices, see Section 2.6.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF 1'S IN TTY I/O
STATUS WORD
0 400000,,0 TTYIOW The job using this TTY is
waiting for some input from
this TTY.
1 200000,,0 SNKWAT The job attached to this TTY
is waiting in the SNEAKW UUO
for a character to be typed on
the TTY.
2 100000,,0 TTYHLD Typeout on this TTY is being
held. See the PPHLD UUO on
page 127.
3 40000,,0 IMLTTY This TTY is an IMLAC in TTY
mode for the next character.
4 20000,,0 SYNC An activation character has
been seen on this TTY.
5 10000,,0 TOIP Typeout is in progress on this
TTY.
7 2000,,0 TTYDTC This is a detached TTY DDB
(not connected to any TTY).
8 1000,,0 DDTM This TTY is in DDT mode
(activates on every
character).
9 400,,0 TPMON The terminal is in monitor
mode. This bit is usually
turned off when your job is
running, but you can make it
stay on by giving a CSTART or
CCONTINUE monitor command.
When this bit is on, your
program will not be able to
get any input from the
terminal because all the
characters will be going to
the monitor's command decoder.
11 100,,0 USRB TPMON will be cleared when the
current output finishes.
26 0,,1000 IOSUPR Control-O ([ESCAPE] O on
displays) has been typed.
When this bit is on, nothing
your program outputs to the
terminal will be typed out.
You can clear this bit by
doing any TTY input operation
or by re-initializing the TTY
with an INIT or an OPEN. On
teletypes, a second control-O
will clear this bit as will
[BREAK] O on displays.
27 0,,400 NOECHB Characters typed to the
program running on this
terminal will not have the
CONTROL and META keys echoed.
These keys are always echoed
when the TTY is in monitor
mode (TPMON bit on--see
above). The NOECHB bit can be
turned on and off only by the
INIT and SETSTS UUOs, except
that a RESET (see page 250)
will clear this bit, thus
turning echoing of CONTROL and
META back on.
28 0,,200 NOECHO Characters typed to the
program running on this
terminal will not be echoed to
the terminal by the monitor;
see Section 3.1. This bit can
only be turned on by UUO. A
RESET (see page 250) will
clear this bit, thus turning
this type of echoing back on.
13.3 The Line Printer
The line printer (device LPT) has its own character set which differs
slightly from the system ascii character set (see Appendix 6).
Because of this, the system normally does character conversion to
insure that what you get is what you want. However, the LPT has no
ALTMODE character; ALTMODE (175) always prints as CLOSE BRACE (}).
You can get the line printer to print one of several special
characters or to execute one of several special carriage-control
functions by sending a 177 character followed by one of the codes in
the following table.
CODE CHARACTER (OR FUNCTION) IF CODE PRECEDED BY 177
000 Center dot. (A period moved up to center it on the line.)
011 Gamma.
012 Small delta.
013 Integral sign.
014 Plus-or-minus sign.
015 Circle-plus sign.
020 Skip to top of double form (TODF).
021 Space down 1 line; write over page boundary.
022 Space down 3 lines.
023 Space down to next 1/2 page boundary.
024 Space down to next 1/6 page boundary.
177 Backslash.
Line printer paper has =66 lines/page but the LPT usually skips to
the top of form after =54 lines. This automatic page ejection can be
overridden by use of the '177&'21 character in place of linefeeds.
If you initialize the line printer with the LPTNCC bit on (bit
32--the 0,,100 bit) in the I/O status word, then the conversion from
system ascii to line printer codes is inhibited. In this mode, you
get the following differences in characters:
CODE MODE 0 CHARACTER MODE 100 (LPTNCC) CHARACTER
030 _ (underline) ← (left arrow)
032 ~ (tilde) ↑ (up arrow)
100 @ (at sign) ` (left quote)
134 \ (backslash) ~ (tilde)
136 ↑ (up arrow) circumflex (similar to LPT's tilde)
137 ← (left arrow) _ (underline)
140 ` (left quote) @ (at sign)
174 | (vertical bar) overline (similar to LPT's tilde)
176 } (close brace) | (vertical bar)
Finally, under normal circumstances, if the line printer runs out of
paper, gets jammed, or suffers some other physical ailment, you will
get a system error message from which point you can CONTINUE after
correcting the situation. If, however, you initialize the line
printer with the HNGTRP bit on (bit 28--the 0,,200 bit) in the I/O
status word, then when the LPT is ill an error bit will be turned on
in the LPT I/O status word and the error return will be taken by any
OUTPUT UUO you try; no error message will be printed.
LPT I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
26 0,,1000 SUPRFF Suppress the TODF (top of
double form) that would
otherwise automatically
precede the first output
following a CLOSE; also
suppress the three TODFs that
normally occur at RELEAS.
This feature is provided
especially for programs that
use special forms, e.g.,
labels. Users of this feature
should explicitly send a TODF
('177&'20) to the LPT before
the final RELEAS in order to
initialize the LPT for the
next user.
28 0,,200 HNGTRP No error message on hung
device (see above).
29 0,,100 LPTNCC No character conversion (see
above).
13.4 The XGP
The Xerox Graphics Printer (device XGP) provides a means of making a
hardcopy listing of virtually any drawing that can be expressed as a
one-bit raster. The XGP accepts as data a bit array describing each
scan line that is printed. Each scan line is approximately 1700
bits; scan lines are spaced at about 200 per inch along the paper. A
picture is built by sending successive scan lines to the XGP. (The
number of bits per scan line and the number of scan lines per inch
are adjustable on the XGP and hence are not necessarily constants.)
There are presently two distinct modes of operating the XGP: video
mode and character mode.
Video Mode
In video mode, 36-bit words are interpreted as video data. Words are
grouped together into portions of a scan line by the use of a Group
Command Word (GCW). The GCW precedes the data portion of the group
and specifies how many words of video data are to be found in this
group. Also the GCW allows the video data to be positioned anywhere
along the scan line. The exact format of the GCW is given below.
BITS OCTAL NAME VALUES OF FIELDS IN GCW
0 400000,,0 MARK If this bit is a 1, then after
the data is sent the paper
will be marked for cutting.
Paper cutting is not exact so
a MARK should be preceded and
followed by several blank scan
lines.
1:11 377700,,0 LNSKIP The paper will be advanced by
LNSKIP scan lines before
printing. LNSKIP = 1 is used
for normal, single spacing.
LNSKIP = 0 prevents any
advance to the next scan line
and prints on the same scan
line as the last group.
12:23 77,,770000 COLSKP The column register in the XGP
interface will be set to
COLSKP before the data is
transmitted. This means that
the first data bit in this
group will appear in this
column.
24:29 0,,7700 unused This field has no meaning
currently. It should be set
to zero to avoid confusion in
case some meaning is attached
to it in the future.
30:35 0,,77 DWCNT DWCNT words following the GCW
will be transmitted to the XGP
as video data (for each bit, 0
means white, 1 black). The
word following those DWCNT
words is then taken to be
another GCW. If DWCNT = 0
then there are no data words
in this group and the next
word is another GCW.
Modes 17 and 117 are used for video data. These modes accept the
format that is described above.
In mode 17, the effective address of the OUTPUT UUO points to a
standard dump mode command list. The command list specifies the data
to send to the XGP. Each OUTPUT will wait until the entire command
list is processed before returning to the user. The paper will be
cut at the completion of each command list.
Mode 117 is like mode 17 except that the OUTPUT UUO returns to the
user while data is being sent to the XGP. In this mode the user can
overlap the input of one data block with the output of another.
Three data blocks are needed in this mode: one being emptied by the
XGP, another pending, and another being filled by the user program.
The first two OUTPUT UUOs will return immediately (having established
the current and pending output blocks). After the user fills his
third block and gives an OUTPUT UUO he will be forced to wait until
the current block is empty (at which time the pending block becomes
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VVz4→P_⊗⊗ ___⊂λ14z⊗λ$gj"S"∀V⊂λ4yP⊂≤97{4Y2r⊂;Z4qtεB;py7≤P:42H897s\0vP⊂≥40z⊂≥44yP~0yP7Xqzy9→r↔⊂⊂λ*44yH14z⊂~yP9r]⊂⊂7w≠<P4wβE6wr→P_X[H;t2wλ:42P→0z0P≤:w9P≠zz⊂0[2⊂77H!f'iQP40yH12rwλ27w2KεEβ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂!t_y0qz→y⊂&wY2FEεBεE$wλ1t0y_qz2yλ6wr2K⊂⊂:4→P,#hλ1pw⊂λ12P:\rr⊂:≠P⊂89~w:⊂:→|:⊂:\tw3Pλ7w2P≠yεE6[y2P3≠w:9Pλ0w2⊂≥7P29_{P⊂;→qz7y≤W⊂⊂&[r2yP ⊂⊂0w→⊂_YP_y2P⊂≥42P1Z0y0q]2yεE≠wr2yH37y⊂≥42P,⊃h↔⊂⊂∩w⊂⊂:~2yrP≠wr2yK⊂2pqZ⊂→[⊗X4z⊂;[y2⊂⊂~yP4w≥2y89→z2rεB0yP3~{2P≠Kq4z⊂_<z2yK⊂⊂*4→y2P⊂~yP77H34|2Y⊂6px≤4w3P_2z;rYw⊂⊂1≡z2P;_v:ryCE0w2λ80y:~qzv0\⊂3y0\44qP≤|vq7[9W⊂⊂λ*42P→y0x4~qP9|[q7v⊂→7y⊂0[<P⊂1≡z2P4\FE22Y4w2rλ1<P:~2P1z\92w:λ37w:λ4w⊂:\rW⊂⊂⊂ry:0Zw⊂1<]2P;0[:ryP~0{2P≤x2qtXvεE6Ypw4w→yP1w[9tyz→w:⊂⊂≥tz4⊂_yqttK⊂⊂0w→⊂7w2H1<z2H⊂;0v≥rV⊂7Xz0v⊂λ_[[Vλ4yFE≥yrr⊂λ0yP⊂_w⊂2yXpx2Pλ;t4qZ⊂⊂3t]2yP⊂≥42P1≡z2yPλ:40zλ⊂37v≠7{P⊂_P9x2XtpvεB6rpw~w3WεBεE!t_y0qz→y⊂6wY2P82\6tz9H;2qz≠y9P⊂_w2⊂6]v:4x≠2P0q]4{2P≥2|:⊂λ64w2\W⊂⊂*~2FE9↑yz2vH6zyzλ12P⊂≤92yr[:2r⊂≥tz4⊂≥2qz7\9P⊂0[2⊂:2↑:⊂9w\:2r⊂λ1<P0\qrw2~w3FE≥0v:r\P7s⊂⊗X⊂∀:≠x⊂9qXw⊂⊂6~w2P7≥vq2yλ37y⊂≥2|:⊂≠y⊂⊂;→qz7y≤T]P7]42y;ZyrVεB:42P≠zz8:]⊂;tv≠⊂12P≥y7w3KεEεE∃42P≠Kq4z⊂_<z2yH⊂:0uYw⊂39≠vP:4→P:yr\∪yP⊂_:s32\⊂4w⊂_t0y0Xz2y⊂λ6wr2H0y2FB4w:2\892z→r⊂0yH37v6≠{y]εBεE⊂⊂λ⊂!<z→P+0v≥rP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂*y]pv⊂6Ypw4w→P⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊃yqpx→P6rp[4w3FB⊂⊂⊂⊂βE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂':v≠⊂⊗VP_<z2P~yP4s[7y2rλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂'≠y6pvβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ P⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂'7y≠pv⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂,⊃h⊂"iP`h"P FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ→⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂'7\6pv⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊗#h⊂"Ta`h"H→εE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂→P⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂'≠y6pvλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ,#h⊂⊃ia`h⊃P→FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂~⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∪7y6p[⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂,#hλ"ia`T"P~εB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂~]_L⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ'7y6Xv⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂)2\ry;2YεE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ XP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂* P⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∪7y6p[εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ Y⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂&#λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∪7y6p[εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂ YP⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂'7\6pv⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∀2yry≥2rεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂_Z⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊃#⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂'7y≠pvεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂_ZPλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊂i⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂'7y≠pvεEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂ [≥→[H⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∪7y6p[⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂)2yYy;2rβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂~_≥ [[⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂'7y≠pv⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂'≠y6pvβE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂_[MP⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂"iaPh"P⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂'≠y6pvβEεE'∪i&`fλ6rpw≤P⊂:4_z⊂:4→P22s~w4z4[w⊂⊂7Y⊂:44\P1<z→P⊂4wλ:42Pλ1zy9→w:⊂3≠w:εE≥tv6⊂_2P89~w:2r ⊂⊂$sλ:44yH⊂1<z→P4yP≥w22s~w2r⊂~w⊂:4→P1zy≤2w:⊂λ37w: ⊂4zεB;tv6λ12P4Yw7y2Y↔εEεB"ia`T"P⊂6Ypw9Pλ:40zλ:42Pλ72|:λ⊂1<z→P;tv≠⊂⊂40]2P⊂0[⊂⊂0v≥2y70]2P6rXw4w3CE9rv→qz2rλ397vH:42P_wv:v[⊂"iaPh"P&Q`g$g⊃WεEεB* a⊂≤97r:XryP0H⊂1wv≥vw⊂9Yv2qzλ:7P:~2P⊂3~y9z⊂_wv:v[⊂;t4Xt⊂4yH⊂0z⊂≠2pyzβE:42H;tr:~⊂7s⊂_P160[5P:7H:42P≤4st:λ7s⊂:~2P1z\92w:λ1wv:[w⊂87\tz4w[⊗⊂0w→εE9w[rP6z[:4x6→P7s⊂∞⊂160[5P;tY:49P≥7P:4→P94sZ:⊂7sλ:42P≠2s:⊂≠py3t[↔εEεB&#⊂0Xz4{0]2yP:~2P1z\92w:λ:2|:λ64w2K⊂⊂*4→P1zy≤2w:⊂≥2|:⊂≥tv6⊂λ12P8]rzrrβE:7Pλ12P8≤4w:2Y⊗⊂⊂0[2⊂⊂:~2w⊂:~2P⊂2→s0zv≥⊂⊂,V\7ytz~ww⊂7Y⊂⊂:2↑:⊂⊂;Zv6⊂1→FE0r≥0w1rY⊂1<P≥42P7≥vq2yλ7s⊂9Xpw⊂6~w2yP~z⊂:0ZryP:≠P290]P:44\P:2|≥⊂64w→VεE8≠:yP⊂≥42P7≥vq2yλ⊂7s⊂≤qpw⊂λ64w2\P9x2Xts4rY⊂⊂1<H:42Pλ1zy9→w:⊂4[:2y6~w2FE≤x0qt[3P;0[:rP,∪$g"P
9rrP→:w1z~ww9P ⊂0w2λ→VVy→pr⊂0[2⊂⊂9Yz⊂6p\3tw9KVwsεB:42P⊗#h⊂&U h"P∃jgP7[⊂80sYP→≤X
W⊂⊂*~4yP7→{P22Y0zv:λ,Vx7\tz4w[⊂⊂;t[6⊂12CE:yrY⊂37yλ:42Pλ72|:λ:2|:λ64w2H∀:w6→yyP⊂_t0w3Yr⊂1<H0P;2Xz7y⊂λ1wvvXw2⊂7\εE"iP`h"P TWεEβE##⊂_qz4{_z2yP≥42P⊂_zy92[:⊂:2↑:⊂64[2V⊂:~2w⊂⊂_pzyr\P0P8_srP⊂→u2qzλ0s:2\εE:4→P1zy≤2w:⊂≥2|:⊂≠4w2P~yP89~w:2r ⊂0w2λ9rz9H:42P→2s0z[:⊂⊂,Kx7yt]4ww⊂≥7FE:~2P34\9z⊂9Xpw⊂6~w2P⊂_2v7{H:42P≥7x⊂7Y⊂⊂80YrP6p\3tw⊂
*&`i
P7w⊂λ:42P≠2{FE≤0srWλ⊂)rrH0v9wH3:w1]4ww9H→⊂⊂0[2⊂→VKy2prλ0w2⊂≤rz⊂6Xy3tw≤VVwsλ⊂:42H,#hεB&j h⊃P*jgH7w⊂8_srP→∞X⊂37\⊂:42H2s32Xz9P7Y⊂##↔βEεE!T⊂1pz\ryP0H1wv:[w⊂9r[2qz⊂≥7P:4→P1zy≤2w:⊂≠2s:⊂≠py3t[⊂:7P_2P3r[2y0z→r↔εEβE,#hλ"ia`T"P_P
∪X[[I∪X__JP1pz\ryP:~2P⊂7→|:⊂≠Kq4z⊂_<z2P≥7P12H92prλ⊂0yP_FE9x→qtpvλ7x2y_z4wwλ1wr2K⊂⊂*4→P37v≠7{tw→P1wr→yP0y→P4vx≠2vrw≥2r≥εBεE⊂⊂λ⊂!gb⊃P⊂⊂,⊃h⊂"iP`h"P P&b`S$g#FBεE⊂⊂λ⊂_≥_MP⊂⊂#∪g*⊂)Qf"aj ⊂⊂*4→P1wr→V⊂_⊂≥7P_[K⊂4yP≥0urwλ0yP⊂≥42P3≠w:εEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ4r2w≥4s4qXz4wwλ7:vq→y⊂7sλ:42P→7w:⊂≥7P12H:yrr εEεEλ⊂⊂⊂→ ≥→[Pλ)2yr\;2r⊂→7y⊂3≥z:y2H:yrWβEεE⊂λ⊂⊂~_λ⊂⊂⊂⊂⊂gf*fS⊂)bf⊃aj↔⊂λ*42P≠2|:⊂λ_Z⊂1~z9P∀ ⊂1<z→yTP⊂_y2P:_urwεB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂6wr≥v7P≡M_≤[⊂λ0yP:~2P0q≤wv:z→P⊂,⊗\7ytz~ww⊂:≠P⊂89~w:⊂0]εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂7→|:↔⊂λ⊂*42H⊂4w:→w:4w[⊂⊂4yH⊂:7Pλ0v67]P⊂0y_4z90\<V{tY:4εEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ9x0qYyP37\⊂:2|≥⊂5:y]4s4qXz4ww εEεEλ⊂⊂⊂~ P⊂⊂⊂λ*g""T)agi⊃W⊂⊂⊂∃42P7→|:⊂⊂
Vq4zλ1<z2H⊂4yP≥0urwλ⊂4w⊂≥;wSyCE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂1w[x62vYw:⊂0\P:42H92v0]4{2P≠:vq2\⊂7s⊂≥42P9Xpw⊂⊂≠4w2P≠wεE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂≥t4qtλ⊂:42H⊂⊂:w→2y9q[y2P⊂~yP⊂⊂≥7P⊂7Xqzy⊗λ⊂⊂;t→y2P⊂≡2y7FB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂92x≤2yrw≥9P:4→P10yYv4w2H⊂7s⊂≥42P:→|:⊗⊂λ72sp]4{2P≥0v:r\FE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂9→x92yYw:⊂9Xpw⊂6~w2yPλ0q7{→P:42H10yr[4w2Pλ0w2⊂≤7ytz~{2FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ;0v:YyP⊂9Xpw⊂⊂≠4w2yH12v7]P⊂4z ⊂⊂⊂*~2P72↑:⊂⊂_M⊂⊂14]9P∀→βE⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂1<]2yTP_y2P⊂≥0urwλ6wr:[7P⊂≡M_≤[⊂_yP⊂:~2P62[3z4⊂λ7s⊂:~2FE⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂≥w22y≤qwy2K⊂⊂$sλ⊂:42H:w22\9qwy→P⊂1w[vpw2λ4yP⊂≥42P3~y9zεB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂:44[3P27[2P7wλ0P72]P:2|≥⊂64w→V⊂:4→P10yYv4w2H⊂:yrY⊂;tv≠εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂1→P:42H10yr[4w2P≠s⊂:4→P1zy≤2w:⊂→7w:↔βEεE⊂λ⊂⊂~→λ⊂⊂⊂⊂∪$g"P∀h abK⊂⊂⊂*~2P1z\92w:λ:2|:λ⊂64w→P4yPλ0qz4]0z2rλ0w2εB⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂8zr]rr⊂:≠P894[:↔⊂⊂∃42w⊂≥42P2→s0zv≥⊂,Vx≠ytz4[w⊂⊂7Y⊂:2|≥εE⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ⊂⊂⊂4\P0r;_w1rrλ1<P⊂≥42P7≥vq2yλ7s⊂⊂≤qpw⊂≠4w2yH4z⊂⊂≥0uryH:7FEλ⊂⊂⊂⊂λ draw this text line, plus the number of scan lines
given by the next byte. Thus, this is like LF
(linefeed) but allows using a different interline
spacing value (XLINE) for this one text line.
43 BASELINE ADJUST. The next 7 bits are taken in two's
complement as the baseline adjustment to the current
font. The adjustment sticks until reset by another
BASELINE ADJUST or by a FONT SELECT, or until modified
by a RELATIVE BASELINE ADJUST (52 below). The
intention is to allow a font to be used for subscripts
and superscripts. Increment baseline for superscript,
decrement for subscript. Values 0:77 are increments;
100:177 are decrements: 100 means -100, 177 means -1.
44 PRINT THE PAPER PAGE NUMBER. The paper page number is
set to 1 by an FF (formfeed). It is incremented each
time the paper is cut. The decimal value of this
count is printed.
45 ACCEPT HEADING TEXT AND PRINT IT NOW. The next byte
is a count of the number of bytes of heading text to
follow. Those bytes will be read into the heading
line, which will be printed 1) now and 2) immediately
after an FF is inserted to begin a new page because of
an LF (linefeed) or LINE SPACE command that has set
the Y-position for printing to a scan line beyond the
end of the page body (as defined by PMAR). Only one
text line is allowed in the heading, which must end
with an LF or a LINE SPACE (unless the byte count is
zero). A zero byte count means flush any previously
specified heading text.
46 START UNDERLINE. Set the left end of an underline.
See the STOP UNDERLINE command below.
47 STOP UNDERLINE. The next byte is taken in two's
complement as the relative number of the scan line on
which the underline is to be written (same meaning as
in UNDERSCORE--41 above: zero represents the baseline
of the text, negative values represent scan lines
above the baseline and positive values scan lines
below it). The extent of the underscore is defined by
this command and the START UNDERLINE command above.
If this command is not preceded by a START UNDERLINE
command, the results will be unpredictable. No
underline will happen until this command is given.
Beware of column selects.
50 SET INTERCHARACTER SPACING. The next byte is
interpreted as the intercharacter spacing, which is
not currently used for anything. This code is
included for compatibility with MIT.
51 STOP UNDERLINE OF SPECIFIED THICKNESS. This is just
like STOP UNDERLINE (47 above) except that the first
byte after the 51 is interpreted as the desired
thickness (in scan lines) of the underlining. The
second byte after the 51 is taken in two's complement
as the relative number of the first scan line on which
the underline is to be written (same meaning as in
UNDERSCORE--41 above: zero represents the baseline of
the text, negative values represent scan lines above
the baseline and positive values scan lines below it).
52 RELATIVE BASELINE ADJUST. This is the same as
BASELINE ADJUST (43 above) except that the baseline is
adjusted relative to any previous adjustment. The
next 7 bits are taken in two's complement as the
relative baseline adjustment to the current font. The
adjustment sticks until reset by a BASELINE ADJUST
(43) or a FONT SELECT, or until modified by another
RELATIVE BASELINE ADJUST.
XGP ESCAPE 2 ('177&'002) causes the next 7-bit byte to be taken as a
twos-complement column increment. Values 0:77 are positive
increments; 100:177 are negative increments: 100 means -100, 177
means -1.
XGP ESCAPE 3 ('177&'003) causes the next 2 bytes to be taken as the
scan line number on which to start this text line. Scan line 0 is
the first scan line on the page (immediately following the cut). The
topmost scan line of the present text line will be placed on the scan
line indicated in this command. If there is no current text line,
the next text line will be put there. The system is not able to
queue text or vectors for scan line 0 of the first page of a
transfer; if it is necessary to queue things on scan line 0, it is
recommended that a page be output prior to that attempt.
XGP ESCAPE 4 ('177&'004). This escape is used to specify a vector.
It is followed by =11 bytes describing the vector:
2 bytes of Y0 Number of first scan line of vector.
2 bytes of X0 Column position of left edge of first scan line
of the vector.
3 bytes of DX Delta X: 1 bit of sign; 11 bits of integer; 9
bits of fraction.
2 bytes of N The number of scan lines on which this vector
is visible.
2 bytes of W The column width of each scan line.
The system must be presented with vectors and text sorted by
ascending values of Y0. Otherwise, the output will be wrong.
The escape significances of codes 5 through 10, 13, and 16 through 37
are not defined at the present time but are reserved for future use.
XGP I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
18 0,,400000 IOIMPM Illegal mode, PDP-6 not
responding, or XGP not
responding.
19 0,,200000 IODERR PDP-6 detected error: XGP
reporting something wrong (out
of paper, etc.), buffered mode
data miss, or text line too
complex.
20 0,,100000 IODTER Font Compiler lossage.
25 0,,2000 IOTEND Data ran out before CLOSE
given in mode 117.
XGP MTAPE UUO
The MTAPE UUO is used to provide extended control and status
reporting of the XGP. MTAPE is not synchronized with the data stream
except that certain MTAPEs imply CLOSE before their operation.
MTAPE [OP=072]
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <function number>
<other data depending on function number>
...
An MTAPE which specifies a channel on which the XGP is open is
interpreted as follows. The effective address of the MTAPE (ADR)
points to a word containing a function number which determines the
meaning of the UUO. The data at ADR+1 and following depends on the
function selected.
FUNCTION MEANING
0 Return error status.
ADR+1/ Major error code.
ADR+2,3,4/ Error data (see below).
1 Font compile and select.
ADR+1/ Font file name in sixbit.
ADR+2/ Font file name extension.
ADR+3/ PPN of font file.
ADR+4/ Font identification number: 0:17.
Note: This function skips if there is no error.
The font named will be read by the font
compiler. It will be assigned the font
identification number that is supplied. The
identification number is used only by font
select commands.
2 Read margins. Names Current defaults
ADR+1/ Top of page margin. TMAR =200
ADR+2/ Page body size. PMAR =1796
ADR+3/ Bottom of page margin. BMAR =200
ADR+4/ Left side margin. LMAR =200
ADR+5/ Right side margin. RMAR =1650
ADR+6/ Interline space. XLINE =4
TMAR is the number of scan lines left blank at
the top of each page; this many scan lines are
skipped after every FF (formfeed). PMAR is the
number of scan lines in the page body, which is
the area used for printing text on each page; if
you attempt to start a text line beyond the end
of the page body, then a FF is inserted in front
of that text line (note that the last text line
on a page can extend beyond the page body but
cannot start beyond it). BMAR is the number of
scan lines in the bottom of page margin--this
area is left blank at the bottom of each page
(except that the last line of text may extend
into this area). The length of a page in scan
lines is TMAR+PMAR+BMAR unless PMAR or BMAR is
zero. If BMAR is zero, there will not be any
paper cuts. If PMAR is zero, there will be no
paper cuts except that when an FF (formfeed) is
encountered, the blank space specified by BMAR
will be put out and then a cut will be made.
LMAR is the column position (in raster points)
selected by a carriage return. RMAR is the
column position (in raster points) beyond which
a character is not allowed to start. When a
character would start beyond this point, a CR
(carriage return) and an LF (linefeed) are
inserted forcing the character to be placed at
the beginning of the next line. XLINE is the
number of scan lines left blank between
successive lines of text when a LF is
encountered.
Nominally, the XGP has =200 raster points per
inch horizontally and =200 scan lines per inch
vertically. Some default margins are subject to
change as the physical characteristics of the
XGP change. The default RMAR may be changed to
adjust for variations in the number of raster
points per scan line, and the default PMAR may
be changed to adjust for variations in the
number of scan lines per inch (adjusted to keep
the page =11 inches long). These parameters are
changed manually, so if you observe the XGP
making short or long pages, etc., tell a system
programmer who will attempt to correct these
values.
The horizontal sweep of the XGP is known to be
non-linear; if you try to do exact graphics, you
will probably fail.
3 Set margins (see margin explanations above).
ADR+1/ Top of page margin; must be ≤ 37777.
ADR+2/ Page body size; must be ≤ 37777.
ADR+3/ Bottom of page margin; must be ≤ 37777.
ADR+4/ Left side margin; must be ≤ 3777.
ADR+5/ Right side margin; ≤ 7777 and > left mar.
ADR+6/ Interline space; must be ≤ 3777.
4 Get status.
ADR+1/ The I/O status word for the XGP.
ADR+2/ -1 if a data transfer is in progress,
0 otherwise.
5 Pseudo close. Hardly different from CLOSE UUO.
6 Set node counts.
ADR+1/ Number of text nodes (default: =16).
ADR+2/ Number of vector nodes (default: =100).
If either node count is zero, the default value
is used for that count.
The number of nodes needed for text increases
with the complexity of the text (number of font
switches, etc.). The number of nodes needed for
vectors is related to the number and size of the
vectors. Generally the default numbers of nodes
is sufficient, and when it is not, there may not
be enough time for the PDP-6 to do the output
correctly, even if the number of nodes is
increased.
Here are the meanings of the error codes returned from MTAPE function
0.
MAJOR ERROR MEANING
(ADR+1)
0 No error.
1 Font Compiler lossage: no job slots.
2 Font Compiler lossage: no initial response.
3 Font Compiler lossage: no intermediate response.
4 Font Compiler lossage: illegal response.
ADR+2 contains the FC response:
0 Ready.
1 Allocation made.
2 Compilation done.
3 Font compiler error.
ADR+3 contains the error type:
0 Illegal command.
ADR+4 contains the rejected command.
1 Not enough core.
2 LOOKUP Failure.
ADR+4 contains the LOOKUP error code.
3 File error -- unexpected EOF.
ADR+4 contains last character assembled.
4 File error -- character redefined.
ADR+4 contains last character assembled.
5 Disk error.
6 Logical font number too large.
7 File error -- other illegal format.
ADR+4 contains last character assembled.
5 Interrupt-level data missed in buffered mode.
6 XGP hung timeout.
7 Illegal mode.
10 Text line too complex. The line compiler ran
out of room while compiling a text line.
11 Out of order. Y0 of a vector or text line is
smaller than the last item (either vector or
text) that was queued. That is, the input was
not properly Y-sorted.
12 XGPSER missed. Somehow, the system has failed
to start a vector or text node at the right
place. Possibly there are too many vectors.
ADR+2 contains the current scan line number, and
ADR+3 contains the desired scan line number for
the text or vector that missed.
13 Page too long. You started a vector below the
bottom of a page.
14 Illegal vector parameters. A vector you
specified will go off the page.
XGPUUO UUO
XGPUUO is of interest only to the Font Compiler. This UUO is a no-op
for everyone except the Font Compiler.
XGPUUO [OP=047, ADR=400075] CALLI 400075
--------------------------------------------------
MOVE AC,[CSB,,NSB]
XGPUUO AC,
CSB and NSB are the addresses of 20 word blocks. CSB is the Current
Status Block. The Font compiler reports its state to the system by
the data it puts in the CSB before giving this UUO. NSB is the New
Status Block. The system issues commands to the Font Compiler by the
data it stores in the NSB when returning to the Font Compiler from
this UUO. This UUO will not return until the system has something
for the Font Compiler to do.
Word 0 of the status block is the opcode. All subsequent words are
operands.
OPCODE MEANING TO FC FROM SYSTEM MEANING TO SYSTEM FROM FC
0 Go away now. No-op (ready).
(System is finished with FC.)
1 Allocate. Allocation made.
(Word 1 has size (Word 1 has location
to allocate.) of allocation.)
2 Compile. Finished compiling.
(File name, ext, PPN (Word 1 has location
are in words 1, 2, 3; of base table.)
word 4 contains the
logical font number, 0:17.)
3 Lock in core. Compiler error.
(System wants to (Word 1 contains
send data to XGP.) error code; see below.)
Error codes (in word 1 of block):
0 Illegal command. Word 2 has the rejected opcode.
1 Not enough core.
2 LOOKUP failure -- font file was not found.
Word 2 has the LOOKUP error code.
3 File error -- unexpected EOF.
4 File error -- redundant character.
5 Disk error.
6 Logical font number too big.
7 File error -- other illegal format.
13.5 Dectapes
A dectape (device DTAn, n=1 to 4) consists of a sequence of 1102
200-word blocks (numbered from 0 to 1101) which can be allocated to
dectape files. There are several formats that have been used for
allocating blocks to files. The format in use at Stanford is called
OLD DECTAPE FORMAT (or sometimes PDP-6 FORMAT). Stanford's system is
capable of reading/writing only the old dectape file format.
However, the user can read and/or write almost any block on a tape
(block 0 cannot be written because of the hardware) and can thus
simulate any format desired (see the UDSD bit below). The system
program TENDMP is provided for reading and writing dectapes in PDP-10
FORMAT (NEW DECTAPE FORMAT), which is NOT explained in this manual.
If you need to know about PDP-10 dectape format, see a system
programmer, wizard class.
Dectape I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
21 0,,40000 IOBKTL Dectape block number out of
bounds.
29 0,,100 UDSD The system should treat the
tape as if it had no
directory. In this mode, the
user can read and/or write
blocks on the tape in any
format he desires. The USETI
and USETO UUOs (see Section
2.14) can be used to select
which block will be read next
and which block will be
written next. The UGETF UUO
(see page 54) will return a
word whose left half contains
the number of the next block
to be read and whose right
half contains the number of
the next block to be written.
Old Dectape Format
In the old format (still standard at Stanford) block 0 is not used,
block 1 is the directory which contains names of and pointers to all
the files on the tape, and blocks 2 through 1101 are available for
data.
Word 0 of the directory contains:
<LBU>,,5
where <LBU> is the number of the last block in use on the tape. When
you do a UGETF UUO (see page 54) this number gets incremented by one
and the result is returned as the number of the block you may use.
The "5" points to the word within the directory block where the file
entries begin.
Words 1:4 of the directory are not used at all. Words 5:174 are
grouped in 4-word entries, one for each file on the tape. Thus a
tape can hold a maximum of =30 files in the old format. The four
words of a file's directory entry contain the following information:
<file name>
<extension>,,<number of first block of file>
<date file written>
<value from 4th word of ENTER block when file was created>
A zero entry marks the end of the directory.
For files written in buffered mode, each block contains (at most) 177
words of data, with the first word of each block containing
<BN>,,<WC>
where <BN> is the number of the next block in the file, or zero if
none, and <WC> is the count of data words in this block.
Files written in dump mode have 200 words of data in each block and
have no block-to-block pointers or word counts. Such files are
always written on consecutive blocks of the tape. P∂!K\AB↓kgKd↓oeSi∃f~∃B↓IKGi¬aJAM%YJAS8AIk[@@A[←⊃JXA]<AS]M=e[Ci%←\ASLAgi←IKHAo%iP@AQQJAM%YJ~∃Q↑AS]⊃SGC`&)β#?:β3?;:β'Q↓εKM9↓∧s?K7∞aβCK}≠↔∪W⊗)β≠?∩β←K'&K;≥↓ε#W7Aεk?∪∀hS≠'3/→↓β'~βS=↓πβWQβ&C∃↓β'+7Aβn{∪∃↓ε≠?77∞s⊃↓#>C'∂!αβ←'3bβ←K'&)↓β?/!βS#(h+↔;&KHε* m⊗f*∀
⊗w&t∞FF* mw/↔M∧π>␈,Dε}2∞Mε*∧YjD-∩ -F}≡4 &.6},Rπ& T∧,uHZ hV≡4ε&}lUbα∧≥dπ&F≡4π>∂∃Dπ&FT∧εf.l}FBε|dπ&FT fNfT∞vNfD &*π,↑G/⊗l\Bαε.α( ⊃"S∪iyu4λ ,8x=.<(≥~ T→[⎇..~λ≥m}Yλ≠ld≥~→$λ3U⊃*$_[≠l=h~<d {|~,\λλ~-n≠h≥
#"YM}<]~∧∞{|Y∧
yHλ∞M→(→M≥→)|d ~<Y,>≠|↑$ ;]≤O∀λ_;LD≥~→-d~;]
tλ≥~ T→[⎇..~β"N⎇|Yλ
|H≥~ T∪∪si:4λ_MMxzh∞⎇→;H ∀∪∪si:4λ~.4→≠{LT→[|D∞~→( m;→+AQ@↓J5∀⊂iJHλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧⊗stπV
k∧λ1∀O&⊗w(λλ83∪∩$ε,c"EU+++%U+++%U+++%U+++%U+++%U+++%U+++%U+++%U+++%U+++!QHλλ∧∧λλλ
Z∀⊂s
$∂_z ≥[Y;∧
];8L↑OKβ!!"C"JM→(∃*J⊂s∀D
53h <=<y.4≥~→$ ~<Y,>≠|↑$
yH≥
(→→,>_<→$
;Z=
≤;~>L\λ≠{D∞~→#!,z_;Ml;λλ
≥Y~8l≡→9λ∞Mhλ_LT_{→,≡Y9 D∧λ∃~
≡h≠9,≥\hλ∞M_=λ∞M→(λ nY9( -≠xzaQ\≠z-n→<H
≡h≤y.D≥≠h∞
z;]∧∞≠h_MMxzh
n;8Y.$ H_-lλ_;
D→Z; T→;]∞-9<h
≥H≥~ Q"Y~.,8⎇≠n/(_<LT≡Y<M|9 H∧
~→(∧∞_<→$ x;H∞M→;H ,(λ≤L↑<y9∧ <h~,d~=λ∧∞y<Y$ #"[L↑h≥_. +Hλ
M~<h
Z3h~.4_(≠Mu;|λ m|H_-Mλ→→.m8y<d ]=λ L8⎇_. <kC! ↓Dλλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλ∧∧λλλε⊗kMH∧ 89{L↑~8h
L<→<aQC"C!(_=_$
{H≠,≤{Y=
≤hλ≥ ≡→<h¬ →=Z,<(∪5λ≥Kλ≠GVλλ≥
t *(
≡h≥|M≡≥→;D∧~;H m;→<aQ]z=
∧λ→8,=λλ→M≥→(λ ,:;Yd∞→<[-≥X=→,Dλ≥z.Mλλ_-dλ→;LE;yK,m;→(∧
8<Zedλ∃~ Q"[≠l⎇8x;∧ ;Yλ
|H≥_. (~<d
;Y~,<=→9∧ ↑(≥∞⎇h_{mny8⎇.M=Y( ]Y ;le9Z; T≠8<M>c"]m≡~λ≠Mt~;] ↑]Y;M≥Yh→ ≡_+C!!"J∃
(≠8,t≥_< T~<h
m⎇λ_$ ~<Y,>≠|↑$ →=Z,<+Hλ mh→Z-L;X;,↑h_<LT_<|m|z8= \β"]m≡~λ≠,≤h≥_. (→Z-L<kλ ≥Yλ≥
(∪∪iyu4 ∧λ3U⊃*$_;Y∧
Q3P)X(∃5)}h_<LT≠[k-}≤c"N⎇=~λ
\9h≥ ≡→<kE⊃"C"HL=_(
⎇H≠8,t≥_< ↑h_x-d_Y(∞}Z=≥ ]H~;D ;↑(
|H≥~ T≤⎇_-l_<↓2λ⊂6wr→yW⊂⊂⊃:vxεB6wr2H∀6wr→yP⊂_M⊂0w2λ_[TPλ:90w≤vtz9H20x∧a as one record per dump mode
command.
Magnetic Tape I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
24 0,,4000 IOBOT The tape is at load point.
25 0,,2000 IOTEND The physical end of the tape
has been reached. If you
reach the end of the tape
while reading or writing, the
IOIMPM error bit will also be
turned on.
26 0,,1000 IOPAR The tape is being written or
read in even parity, which is
non-standard.
27:28 0,,60@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A)!KgJ@↓io↑@↓ESifAS]I%GCiJ↓iQJ~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓iCaJ↓IK]g%irt@@AC]HdA[K¬\@j`+04)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓β O#M↓βε+I↓βNs∂!1α↓E↓βn+π;Mβ⊃A@4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓ε∪C%1αβπ;⊃α↓M↓βn+π;Mα↓aAAαβ C%ph)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓απ3&C?W∨B↓aAAαβ C%εKM↓β&C∃β7␈≠P4)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓β.3≠'∂N+;Q1α↓UUYαβ C%αβ'M↓εk?K∀hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβK↔3N 3∃Z↓↓↓↓∪↓A↓↓α↓β CJ↓↓↓βO_4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βK.cπS'6+3eβNs↔≠≠N≠'↔;"p4(4R↓↓↓↓∪I↓↓↓α↓A11 ↓A↓↓α↓↓↓↓∧J>:J≤Y↓↓↓∧s=βK*kK↔π&K;≥↓εKMβSz↓β ∃ε#?;∃ph)↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓αK∃o∪↔π∪Ns≥β'~βWOW∞c3e↓ε#?;∃ε{84)α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓β⊗{S!β␈+SCW"βπ;⊃εK;CW"↓β←#.qβπ8hQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓αβ↔KK␈⊃β'Mε#↔S↔∨#↔⊃9α↓απ≠&+I↓u 4)↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓βS⊗K↔Mβ&C∃βOO≠S↔5ε;'[↔~↓βWAε ;⊂4R↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓π≠↔SMε 9β↔↔∪?Iβ⊗KQ84P1↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓α6R
α∃αV,yβ≠?∩α7π∨v+S'
¬#πC↔_h(4(hRS#∃αβ≠?3f{←';:↓αVVzβ'M↓πβK?[N#↔⊃↓ε3?Iβ&{';≥αβπ31αβS#∃αβOC↔≡Kπ1β&C';∨_h+;↔≡+OOπ↔Iβ←'&Aβ7π:βSπC/→84(26R
α∃↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓uA]∃h4)5ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji544R↓↓↓↓α↓↓α6$
B∃↓f≠#π;v+1β;.k ↔Iras≠Wv≠S'?rβ;W7⊗+Ix4Ph(4*N1βS#/∪∃β'~β¬β7∞9βSπε)β?C.qβ?9π##∃β≡Cπ;;.aβ';&K∂πS.!β eπ##∃↓∧
β≠N+3⊂4V{→βπrα6Rε∧)αVVzaβS#*βπ ?6)↓β≠␈∪5β?2α6Rε∧)β'Mε OOWn+⊃9↓¬##∃↓ε+≠≠↔∨!β?_hSS#∃αα6Rε∧)↓βSF+9β∪/β↔;∪~↓β?9αβS#∃ε3W;∂&K?9↓εsW7 /⊃↓βππβ↔πKNs≥↓βNqβS#(h+π∪'∪↔OMε3'↔3"q↓↓α&C∃β≠.s∂S'}q↓β;.k ↔K4ε∞vD∧π&F]≡"εn\≥fNv}4αε∂,Tε>Ol]`hV,]F␈:d∧∧7.l>FN}d
g.n,↑'~εm}Bεf≡>F." ,Vf␈t ↔⊗*
≥Ff.|≥Bph!Q"αα∧λe,t:I∀|r∧∧∧l,→i∀t8Q!PRα∧∧ααα∧εααα∧∧α¬>≥≡Bε6}$ε∞w∀
wε/,≡FN}d v}Nltε}r∞Mrε≡⎇↑εf/LU`hPQ$ααα∧∧ααβ∀∧ααα∧
&/>≥lBπ& Tπ&∂ U`hPQ$ααα∧∧ααβ4∧ααα∧
w⊗OLTε∞r ]f"n|eV6NLTεn∂-4ε}r∞Mε*πL≡ε*pQ!PRα∧∧ααα∧εbαα∧∧α∧∞Nl⊗v≡T∞FF*∞L↔ε*
⎇f*π,\6␈⊗EaPPh$∧ααα∧∧αβ:∧∧αααλ,⊗≡←> ⊗≡*∞Mε*πL≡ε*ε⎇lRπ⊗\=w⊗"aQ hR∧∧ααα∧ε∪αα∧∧αα∧≤Nf∞v<Tαπ& Tαπ&≡ RαπMtπ&FT∧εf}⎇≤6∞b∧ Vv"∧
v2πL≡ε*pQ$ααα∧∧ααα∧∧ααα∧ F}>≤<⊗bα∧ Vv"∧
v2α∧∞F∂εT∧εO~∧∧π≡N by two
consecutive end-of-file marks. The tape is left
positioned after the second mark by this
operation.
11 Rewind the tape.
13 Write three inches of blank tape. The purpose of
this is to cause a bad spot on the tape to be
ignored. Perfectly blank tape looks like an
end-of-record mark to the controller and is
ignored. The monitor automatically writes blank
tape over bad spots on the tape.
16 Advance the tape one file. The tape is positioned
after the end-of-file mark that terminates the
file.
17 Backspace the tape one file. The tape is
positioned before the end-of-file mark at the end
of the previous file.
13.7 Paper Tape Punch/Plotter
The paper tape punch and the plotter are considered the same device
by the system; this device has the sixbit name PTP. There is a
switch on the PDP-6 that determines whether data output to the PTP
actually goes to the punch or to the plotter. This switch is
normally kept in the plotter position.
There are several different modes in which the PTP can be operated.
Normally, only one of these (mode 10) is used with the plotter. Each
mode and its meaning with the PTP are described below.
MODES MEANING
0,1 Character modes. Seven bit characters are punched
with the eighth hole as an even parity bit. A
delete (ascii 177) is punched after every carriage
return, vertical tab and horizontal tab, and 30
frames of blank tape are fed after every formfeed.
10,110 Image binary modes. The right-most eight bits
(bitpε@dptLjZ[i!J@@`0Xfnn↓ESif$@A←LAKCG @Ao←IHACe∀~∀@@@@@@@@@@Aak]
QKHA⊃SeKGQYr@A¬fAiQ∀AKSO!h@AE%ifA←8AB@A→eC[J↓←L~∀@@@@@@@@@@Aa¬aKdAQCaJ\A)QSLASfAQQJA[=IJAkMKHAo%iPAi!JAaY=iiKd4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓EKGCUgJAi!JAESQfACe∀AgK]PAKqC
iYrA¬fAiQ∃rACaAKCdA%\~∀@@@@@@@@@@As←UdAEk→MKd\4∀~∀@@@bf@@@@@A¬S9CerA5←IJ\A mKIrAo←IHAS\↓s←kd↓EkMM∃d@ASLAak]
QKH~(@@@@@@@@@@@A=\@lAACaKd↓iCaJAMeC5KfAo%iP@l↓ESif↓S\@A∃CGPA→eC[J8~∀@@@@@@@@@@A)QJ↓gKmK9iP@A!←YJA%fA]KYKd@AAk]GQ∃HAC]⊂@AiQ∀AKSO!iP~∀@@@@@@@@@@AQ=YJAC1oCsf↓Sf\~(~∀@@@bh@@@@@AπQK
WgkZ↓[←IJ8@@A)!SfA[=IJASL@AiQ∀AgC[∀ACf@↓[←IJbf~∀@@@@@@@@@@AKaGKahAiQCP@AEK→←eJA∃CGP@↓EkMM∃d@ASL@Aak9GQKH0AiQJ4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓GQKG-gkZA=LAiQ¬hAEk→MKdA¬]HASQfAICQBAo←IHAG←U]hACIJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@Aak9GQKH8@A)Q∃gJAi]↑A]k5EKef↓CaaK¬dAS\↓iQJ@↓YKMh↓C]H~(@@@@@@@@@@@AISOQhAQCYYKf@AIKgaK
iSmK1rA←LAiQJAMSeMh@Ao=eH@PX~∀@@@@@@@@@@AMeC5KfRAAk]GQ∃H\@@↓βMiKHAiQJAICi∧Ao←e⊃f@AQ¬mJAE∃K\~∀@@@@@@@@@@AaU]GQK⊂X@f`↓MeC[∃fA←L↓EYC],AiCa∀ACeJ↓MKHA¬]HAi!K\AB4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓uKe↑↓o←eH↓SfAaU]GQK⊂@QBAiKe↑A]←eHA%f@l@↓MeC[∃fAKC
P~∀@@@@@@@@@@AoSQPA←]1rAiQ∀AKSO!iPAQ=YJAaU]GQK⊂R\~∀4∀@@@b``XD`b@@↓≥↑[G=]mKeMS←\A5←IKf8@A)Q∃gJACIJ@AEUMMKe∃HAGQ¬eCGi∃d~∀@@@@@@@@@@A[←⊃KfAS8AoQS
P@n[ ShAG!CeCGQKefA¬eJ@A∃qieC
iKHA→e←Z~(@@@@@@@@@@@Ae←kdA kMMKHAC]H↓ak]G!KHAS8AiQJ↓MSegPAgKm∃\AQ←1KfA←_~∀@@@@@@@@@@AKCG AMeC5JA←\↓iQJ@↓aCaKHAiCa∀\@A)!JAKS≥QiP@↓Q←YJ↓Sf~∀@@@@@@@@@@AC1oCsf↓ak]G!KHAC9HA]←QQS]N↓gaKG%CXASLAI←]∀@AM←HAC]r4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓GQCe¬GiKeL\~∀~(@@@@DbfXbDh@@A9↑[KS≥QiP[!←YJA5←IKf8@A)Q∃gJA[=IKfA¬eJAi!J@Ag¬[JACL~∀@@@@@@@@@@A[←I∀@@bfAKqG∃ah@AQQCh@↓iQJ@↓KSOQQP@AQ=YJ@A%fA]KYKd~∀@@@@@@@@@@AaU]GQK⊂\~∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Df\p@↓!CaKHA)Ca∀A%KC⊃Kd~∀4∀~∃)!JAaCAKdAi¬aJAe∃CIKdQ!)$$@AQCLAM←kHAISgQS]Gh↓[←IKLXAoQ%GP@A¬eJAm∃er~∃MS[SY¬dAS\↓←aKe¬iS←\↓i↑Ai!JAMSIghAM=kdA[=IKfA=LAiQ∀AaCa∃dAiCAJAak9GP\~) CGP↓[←IJ↓C]HA%ifA[∃C]S]≤ASfA∃qaYC%]KHA KY←n8@A'K∀ACYg<@A'K
iS←\bf\n4∃←\AQQJAa¬aKdAQCaJAAk]GP8~∀~∀@@A≠= &@@@A≠∃β≥∪≥≤~∀~∀@@@`0b@@@@@Aπ!CeCGQKdA[=IKf\A
e←4AKCG AMeC5JA←\↓iQJAACaKd↓iCaJ4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓B@@n5ESh@↓EsiJASf@↓iCWK8X@Ao%iP@AQQJ@A∃SOQi @AQ←1J~∀@@@@@@@@@@ASO9←eKH8@A)Q∃gJ@n5EShA siKf↓CeJAACGWK⊂@jAi<@ABA]←eH~(@@@@@@@@@@@A%\As←UdAS]AkhAEUMMKd8@A≥k1Yf@Q¬gGSR`R@A¬]HAI∃YKiKL~∀@@@@@@@@@@@QCg
SR@b\nRA←8AiQJ↓iCaJ↓CeJA%O]←e∃H\~∀4∀@@@b`@@@@@@↓∪[CO∀@A[←⊃J\@@↓ CGPAMeC5J@A←8@AiQ∀@AaCAKd@AQCaJA%f~∀@@@@@@@@@@AeKQke]K⊂Ai↑Ae←jAKaCGiYdACfA%hACaAKCef↓←\@AQQJAi¬aJX~(@@@@@@@@@@@A]SiPA∃CGP@`[ESh↓MeC[∀AaYC
KHAS8AiQJ↓Y←n@↓←eIKHAESiL~∀@@@@@@@@@@@QESQf@dphfjZ[QQJ@@@XXfn\AESiLR@A←_AB@AMS]OY∀AEkM→Kd~∀@@@@@@@@@@Ao=eH\~(~∀@@@bf@@@@@A¬S]¬er@A5←IJ\@A∨]1r@Ai!←gJ@↓iCaJAMeC5Kf@A]SiPAQQJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@AK%OQiPAQ←Y∀Aak]
QKH@↓CeJA1←←WK⊂@ACh↓S\@AQQSfA5←IJ\4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓)QJ@↓gKmK9iP@@↓Q←YJA←L@AKCG @AMe¬[J@@↓Sf@A%O]←e∃H~∀@@@@@@@@@@AG←5aYKi∃YrAC9HAiQ∀AMSeMh@lA!←YKf↓←LAK¬GPAMIC[JA]SiP~(@@@@@@@@@@@AQQJ@A∃SOQi @AQ←1J@AaU]GQK⊂@ACe∀@AeKQke]K⊂@AaC
WKH@X~∀@@@@@@@@@@AMeC5KfAi<ABAEUMMKd↓o←eH8~∀~∀@@@bP@@@@@@Aπ!KGWgUZA[←⊃J\@@↓)QSf↓[←IJ↓Sf@AQQJAg¬[JACL@A[←⊃J@bf4∀@@@@@@@@@@@↓KqGKAh@Ai!Ch@AQQJ@AQCaJ@↓Sf@A¬ggk[∃H@Ai<@AG←9iCS\↓B~∀@@@@@@@@@@AGQ∃GWgk4AC]H↓o←eH↓G←k]PAChAQQJAMI←]hA=LAKC
PAEk→MKd~(@@@@@@@@@@@A=L@AI¬iB\@A)QJAGQK
WgkZ↓Sf@A
QKGW∃H@A←8@AS]AkhAi<~∀@@@@@@@@@@AS]gUeJAC
GkeC
rA←L↓iQJAQeC]g→Kef\4∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@bf\rA+gKHA Sg,A!CG,~∀~∀4∃αAkMKdAo%iPAB↓YCeO∀AckC9iSir↓←LAI¬iBAi!ChAQ∀A]KK⊃fAi↑AQCm∀ACmC%YCEY∀~∃←\↓QSOP5gaKK⊂Agi←ICOJA
C\A[¬WJ@AUgJA←_ABA+MKdA %gVA!¬GV@@!+ R8@A+ Af~∃G¬\AEJ↓kgKH↓S\AK%iQKd↓←LAi]↑A[Cners: old-style usage treats the UDP
as a special device which can be operated only in dump mode;
new-style usage treats the UDP almost exactly the same as the DSK.
It is illegal to INIT a UDP unless it has first been ASSIGNed. The
ASSIGN command for UDP, unlike for other devices, does not
necessarily prevent access by other users; it is needed, however, to
set the manner in which the UDP will be used. There are three ways
of ASSIGNing a UDP:
PUBLIC new-style usage; other jobs may use the UDP.
PRIVATE new-style usage; other jobs may not use the UDP.
OLD old-style usage; other jobs may not use the UDP.
The syntax of the ASSIGN command is:
ASSIGN [mode] dev [logname]
where the items in brackets are optional; the mode (if specified)
must be one of the three listed above (the default is PUBLIC), dev is
the device name, and the optional logname is a logical device name
you are giving the device. The mode may be changed between PUBLIC
and PRIVATE by new ASSIGN commands except that you must be the only
user of the UDP to make it PRIVATE. However, to change between old-
and new-style usage, you must first DEASSIGN the UDP and there must
be no one using it.
Once a UDP has been assigned by someone as PUBLIC, any job can INIT
or OPEN it without having to ASSIGN it itself.
A pack to be used in the new style must first be formatted. (That
is, it must have a SAT and an MFD.) Once a pack hapεAEKK8AM←e5CiiK⊂X~∃CQiK[aQfAi↑↓oeSi∀A←\@↓ShAS8A←YH↓gisY∀@AoS1XAMC%XAk]1KgfAe←j@A!CmJAQQJ~∃U AaISmSY∃OJvA=YHAgQsYJAIKCIS9NA←L↓M←e[¬iiKH↓aCGWLASfA1KOCXQg↑A5kGP~)M←dAIKCH@↓ae←i∃GiS]≤A+ ↓MSYKLR\@@↓βiiK5aifAQ↑AeK¬H@A←HAoeSQJ@AS8A]Kn4∃gis1JA←\↓C\Ak9M←e[¬iiKH↓+ A]SYXX↓←LAG=kegJ0AMCS0\~∀~)
←dA⊃KiCS1fA←\↓←aKe¬iS]N↓iQJ@↓+ A%\AiQ∀A]Kn↓gisY∀XAgK∀@A'K
iS←\bf\b4∃←\AQQJAgAKGSC0AMKCQkeKf↓←L@AQQJA M⊗AC]⊂A]Kn5gisY∀A+ !LAC]HA'KGQS←\@H~∃←\A∂K]∃eCXA$←≡\@A)QJAeK[¬S]IKHA←L@↓iQSfAgKGQS←\A%f@AI∃m←iK⊂@Ai↑↓B~∃I∃gGeSAiS←\↓←LA←1H[gieYJA+⊃ Akg¬OJ\~(_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A∨YH5'isY∀A+ ↓+gCO∀~∀~∀4∃αA+⊃ Aβ'M∪∂≥K⊂AS\A5←IJA=→λAG¬\A←]1rAEJ↓eKCH=oeSiQK\AS8AIk[@@A[←⊃J\@A∧~∃ISMVAaC
V@AQ¬f@zbTd``A Y←GWLX@A]U[EKe∃H@`AQ↑@@zDjbrrlAiQJAYCgPAEY←
V~∀Q9k[EKH@zbjDrrRA%fAkg∃HAi↑AQ←Y⊂ABAa¬ggo←IH\@A∃CGPA Y←GVAG←]MSgif↓←L~∀tbrAe∃G←eILXA]k5EKeK⊂@`Ai<@zbplAeKG=eH@`↓Sf@h@Ao←e⊃fAY←9NAC]⊂AKCG A←L~)eKG←IIf@b↓i↑@zDpASfd``A]←eIf↓Y←]N8~∀~∃QQJAM%eghAIKG←e⊂A←LAQQJ@A1Cgh@!aCgg]←eHR↓EY←G,A←LA∧A+ AG←]QCS]f↓iQJ~)mCYk∀A'∪1 ∪(@←Aβ'&↑↓S\Ai!JAMSIghAi]↑Ao←IIfAC9HAiQ∀A+ ≥f@Aa¬ggo←IHAS\4∃iQJ↓iQSe⊂Ao←e⊂\~∀~)+]YS-JA[←Mh@A←QQKdA⊃KmSG∃f@Ai!ChAG¬\@A←AKeCi∀AS\@↓Ik[`↓[←IJ0@AiQ∀A+ 4∃CGG∃aifA9←hAB↓YSgh↓←LAIU[`A[=IJAG=[[C]⊃fAEkPA←]YdABAg%]OYJAIk[@A[←I∀~∃G←5[C]H↓M←dA∃CGPA%]akh↓←dA←Uiakh↓←aKe¬iS←\8@AαAU AIU[`@A5←IJA
←[[C9H~∃G=]gSgQfA←L↓io↑@↓o←eILXAiQ∀AMSeMh@A←_AoQS
PASfAiQJ↓gC[J↓Cf@A∧A]←e5CX~∃⊃k[`A5←IJA
←[[C9HAC]⊂AiQJAgKG=]HA←_AoQS
PAG←9iCS]LAiQJA+ ↓Y←GCQS←\~)oQKe∀AiQJ↓ieC]MMKdA%fAi↑AgiCIh\@AQQkfA∧A+ ↓Ik[`↓[←IJAG←[5C]HA1←←Wf4∃YSW∀AiQSLt~∀~(@@@@@@@Zqo←eH↓G←k]P|XXy%\[G←IJAY←
CiS←8A←LA⊃CiB|4b~∀@@@@@@yeK
←eHA9k[EKH|XXy Y←GV↓]k[E∃d|~∀4∃oQKIJ@yE1←GVA9k[EKH|AgQ=kYHA JAS\↓iQJAIC]OJ↓Me←Z`AiQI←kOPzbjbdpAC]⊂~∃S]⊃SGC`&+Mβ?r↓β←#N≠!β f{∂-β}1↓βSF)βCπ≡YβS#*↓βSK∞sO≠↔∩β'Mβ&y↓βO& KQβ∞s⊂4)g∪↔∂?⊗!↓β;.k ↔Ir↓βO#␈+3⊃β⊗)↓β'r↓βS#*↓βKπv;∃β≠⊗{5↓↓α↓βS#⊗{W∨!α↓uEaε ;⊂4VK;∪'≡ S↔Mε Qβ←FK∂!β⊗+∂?K"β←'SFK9βSF)βOC.≠'≠'.!β 3}≠-βSF)↓βS⊗ ;O≠/⊃β'LhSS=β∨#πKQr↓αS=ε+≠≠↔∨!β¬α,"A↓β& S¬β'∪π;O6+I1β∞qα&:¬*Qβ?∩α>VR¬*Q↓α-*=β'_h+∨'6+9β←O#!βSF)β↔≠6+∂S'6)βπ∪'∪↔OMπβ?';&K;≥β&yβS#*β∪W7αβ7?∪*β∂?7n ;⊃8hP4*↑
∩:&:;Qα←#.qβπ9ε{WSC/!β';&K∂πS/→βS#∂!β?;gIβCπ↔!β?→ε βK↔≡{K⊃βO→βS=ε∪∀4+?∪'SS.q1βSF)βK↔n ';∪/⊃β?→αβS#∃π∪↔∂?⊗!β'Mπ;K'S&+9β←O#!↓βV+K?↔~q↓απg≠=04V Mβ←O#!βSF)β∪'≡Y1β'2βπ9α|"⊃β;.k ↔Iε{→β←␈∪∪Mβ∂∪∃β←⊗KSS↔rβ?WQb↓βS#*β3?\hS?K∪/⊃↓Qβ⊗KSM↓F∪'SMβ↓11E:Iβ?→αβS#∃εcπOQπ;?K⊃ε K∃βf{OQβ∞s⊃↓β∂∪∃β←⊗KSS↔ph+πMπS↔K=ph(4*⊗+≠?K*βπ;eε#πS¬ε≠π9β⊗)β←KO#S↔9ε{;S=ε αV∩αaβS#*βCK??∪π5β&+O'KNs≥βSzβ∪<4W##∃↓ε{WSC/!β7W∨!↓β∪zβπ9↓∧*:R⊗∩αVV=αβS=β≡C↔∂-αβS#∃¬*∩A↓πβπOO>{K⊃9ααS#∀hRJ⊗: j∃αV,yβ'Mπ+O↔⊃π#=β∂F ;∨∃ε αV∩αβCπO∨;?K⊃r↓α∪π& β∂πrβ ∃β⊗+π⊃β7∪?5βλh*V∩αβ←'SF{WQβ6KKOQε;'['v9βS#*βCπO∨;?K⊃r↓αS#*βO∂K∂#∂!?∨;πCCNs≥βC∞≠-β#∂_4+C∂≠O←?⊗!↓*N<
A)9ααS#'~βCπO∨;?K⊃αβ'Mβ'∪↔πS.!βOC.≠'π3gIβ eαβS#∃εk?;'&{H4+Nq↓βS>y↓β←∂KMi↓ε ;eβε OO←␈∪⊃↓βO→↓βπ≡≠↔CS.!↓β'rβπ9↓∧*:R⊗∩a↓βπv!↓β'"β'L4VK7C?∨≠' 3*βS=β≡Cπ;∨*βS#∃πβπOO>{K⊃↓π;'S!ε αJ⊗t
6∃β.s3↔O~βg?Uαβ#π[*βS#∀hRV∩AπβK'[Nc↔∨∃r↓α¬βV+K=βε OO←␈∪⊃β7. ;Mβ∞seβC∂≠O←?⊗!β'Mε ∂∂↔π#↔⊃↓εK9βπph*⊗:$*I84Ph*'→ε β∪'≡Yβ↔K⊗{Iβ?≡≠WKMε#WK'v9β¬α∀*:ε6*β?Iα,rR⊗I¬*V=1π##↔9αβW;3/≠Mβ O 4)IB↓#S#*↓A11∪↓A↓β⊗KQ56<
J
&"Iβ'Mε{9β'r↓βS#*α%>=π≠SπS/→β←?⊗!1↓β∞qβ↔K⊗{H4+n+OOπ>)↓!
∀
⊃αJ-"J&⊗4
1 %π;'31ε∪∃βSOβ↔⊃β␈+Qβπv!βS#*↓βCK};Kπ5π≠S?Cε+⊃84TK→β O!↓IaεKM↓β}qβ←#.qβ¬β&KO-β/∪K?Iαβ'Mβ&+S↔∂&+⊃1β&C∃β↔↔∪?I↓π∪↔SW⊗qβ'LhSSπ/.qβπ;"βπ9β/∪K?Iαβ∂?∪*β?→↓ ↓β'Mπ∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃↓εK9βSF)βK'>CQβ#∞c→↓β}1βS#(h+←?⊗!βπ≠&+IβSF)βCπ∨≠←?K"p4(2⊗:$*I↓↓α↓↓↓↓α↓↓αn⎇↓uA]=h4)5ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji544R↓↓↓↓α↓↓α⊗u"⊗I↓f≠#π;v+1β;.k ↔Irbε∩HhQ↓↓↓α↓↓↓↓f+KK?∩βK↔S/∪9x4Ph*ε∩∪Q↓↓↓βcCπO∨;?K⊃ph)↓↓α↓↓↓↓βcK↔S/∪;↔⊃ε+KK?∩β∂?∪*β'9β⊗K∨#QεCπ3→ph(4(hRπ9α,rR⊗IεkWOQε∪∃↓β&{;∃β&yβ∂#.≠-βSF)↓βC∂≠O←?⊗!β ↔6{K∃β∞seβ∪∂#¬↓β≡ 9β (h+←KO#S↔9ε{9⬬*∩A9ααS#∃αβ←?K"βπQβf{∂πSN{9αε%⊃β'Mε≠?7C∂∪↔⊃↓ε ∨π'w≠QβSF(4+C∂≠O←?⊗!β←KO#S↔9ε{9βSF)αV∩αaβ'→ε ;e9αα'→β&C↔K∃εKMβ;zβCπO∨;?K⊃αβ?9β&C∀4*,"A1β␈⊃β'→π##∃α,"AβC∂≠O←?⊗!β'MπS↔K=ε{I↓*≥:εA)bβ?IβN1βS#*β←?K"↓βπQ∧
∩H4VkπS∂F+MβSF)↓αV%↓βCπ∨≠←?K"a↓β?∩β'→↓πK?UβF [∃↓π##∃α,"A↓βπ∪'['f+∨∃1π##↔8hS←K'&)βC↔⊗k'OON{9↓βO→β∨K∞sS↔⊃π#=↓β&C∃βC⊗{∨Kπjβπ;⊃αβS#∃π≠/'AαβK↔S/∪9β'_h+Sπ↑+9β≠⊗{5βSF)α⊗:$*I9↓∧{S#↔↔;'O∃π;K'S*βC↔KnKOO'}qβ'Mπ∪↔+↔∨#↔⊃β∞s⊃βSF(4+∪O∪↔∂Qε+KK?∩↓βK↔'+K9βO→↓βS∞[↔9β>KS!↓ε 9β↔↔∪?I↓ε≠?∪∃ε{→↓↓∩↓#CK␈#↔∂SN{84+6K?3π&K?9%π∪↔SW⊗s↔⊃βNqβS#*βK'∨G!β#πf1β?→∧
∩I-
p4( RENAME [OP=055]
--------------------------------------------------
RENAME <channel number>,ADR
<error return>
ADR: <new password>
<returned error code in right half>
The RENAME UUO is used to change the passwor↓HAM=dABAU \@Aβ\A∃≥) $4∃[kgPAQCm∀AEKK8@AI←9JAi↑↓CGck%eJAoISiJ@↓aKe[%ggS←8AM←d↓iQJ@↓+ AU]YKgL~∃s←TAQCm∀AiQJ↓+ @↓aeSm%YKOJ8@A)Q∀AaCgMo←eH↓gaKG%MSKH↓S\@A1←GCi%←\Aβ⊃$~∃e∃aYCG∃fAiQ∀A←YH↓+ AACggo=eH\@AαAu∃e↑Aa¬ggo←IHA[K¬]fAC8@A ≥Q $@QMKJ~∃¬E←mJ$AoSY0ACYo¬sfAgUGGKK⊂\@A∪_AiQJ↓GQC]≥JA←L↓aCgg]←eHA%fAgk
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should contain the negative word count for the block in itpε↓YKMh4∃QCY_R\@AQQJA∪=/λAo=eHAI=KfA]=hAQCYJAi↑↓EJAM=YY←o∃HAE`Jβ¬βk/∪=84Ph* ?&AβS#*α∩ε
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β?∩↓βS#*α∩ε
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∩
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αβπ;⊃π##∃α$
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β O!↓# O!↓MAjkS#∃β↓11Qαβ 'QJβ'9↓π##∃αJz<4+∨#πSW~β←?K'→↓β?2β ?SB↓β∪↔6K∂↔MαCS#↔J↓βπK*β∪'≠6+K↔;"↓β∪↔6K∂↔MbβK↔G.KK∀4V#'≠≠/∪↔;Q∧J:&S~I9↓α>CπQβF CC↔w→↓β'~βS#π"βS#∃ε3'KO"β∪πS
↓βSK∞sO≠↔∩αVV<hQ#?→ε+'S#/⊃β∪↔6K∂∃%αβ∪?↔~β;?Qε ∂SW∞c3e↓π≠SπK"βS#∃π#Kπ;≡3↔I9α↓α←#.qβS#(h+≠'↔≠Qβ∪∂#¬↓β'∪π;O6+IαV,y↓β≠␈⊃βS#*↓β?SF+Iβ∪/3'∂∃αβ'Mβ>K[↔9b↓βS#.qβ ?&@4+∪/3'∂↔~β←'3bβ ↔∨Nq9↓αv{S∃β&CπQ↓ε+'S#/⊃αVVz↓"ε∩~β?Iα$
%β≡ 9↓β⊗)β∨'6+84+6KKOQr↓αS#*βO↔∂}s⊃αV,yβ←'faβOS∂∪QβSF)βSK∞sO≠↔∩q↓αg␈)β7W∨!β ∃ode for the device whose UUO is given first, or you will not return
from the UUO. The system will only wait one minute between the two
UUOs.
If you are in CYCLE mode on the ADC, and in IOSYNC mode on both
devices, you can specify that the DAC is to be started after the ADC
is advanced to the second data block and not just at the beginning of
input. This is done by setting the IOAFT bit (bit 24--the 0,,4000
bit) in the ADC I/O status word. This will prevent the DAC from
being started until the ADC advances to the second data block.
ADC/DAC I/O Status Word Summary
The device-specific bits of the ADC and DAC I/O status words are
shown below. Bits marked with an asterisk (*) are only meaningful to
the ADC.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
24 0,,4000 * IOAFT If IOSYNC is on for both
devices and CYCLE and this bit
are on for the ADC, then the
DAC will be started only after
the ADC has moved on to the
second data block.
25 0,,2000 LOST Data sample missed.
28 0,,200 * CYCLE The ADC will transfer
repeatedly into the first data
block until some input sample
exceeds a preset threshold.
29 0,,100 CONT Data transfer UUOs will return
immediately without waiting
for the transfer to finish.
30 0,,40 IOSYNC The ADC and the DAC will be
started simultaneously if this
bit is on in the I/O status
word of each device.
31 0,,20 * CYCDON The ADC has moved from the
first input data block to the
second. This bit is only
relevant in CYCLE mode.
MTAPE UUO for the ADC and the DAC
The MTAPE UUO is used with the ADC and the DAC to set parameters like
sampling rate, channel multiplexing, ADC threshold, etc.
MTAPE [OP=072]
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE ADR
ADR: <ADC CYCLE threshold>,,<Speed*1000 + Packing*100 + Nchans>
<address for RUN flag>
<ADC input select>,,<address for returned ADC CYCLE pointer>
An MTAPE to either the ADC or the DAC has as its effective address
the address of a 3-word (2-word for DAC) block which is formatted as
indicated above. The meaning of the various fields are explained
below.
In CYCLE mode for the ADC, the input is directed into the first data
block until the high-order sample in a word exceeds the threshold
which is specified in the left half of the first word of the MTAPE
block.
The right half of the second word of the MTAPE block contains the
address of the RUN flag; a zero address wil inhibit this feature.
When the ADC or the DAC is started, this cell is set to -1. When the
ADC or DAC is stopped, this cell is set to 0. In this manner, one
can tell when his transfer is actually occurring. Since the ADC and
the DAC are given separate MTAPEs, they can have separate RUN flags,
as well as separate clock rates, numbers of channels, and packing
modes.
The third word of the MTAPE block is only relevant to the ADC. The
right half specifies the address where the data block pointer is to
be stored in CYCLE mode. What you get is the IOWD at the point the
threshold was exceeded, relocated to a relative address within your
core image. The address part of this word (the right half) will
point to the word containing the sample that exceeded the threshold.
The left half of the third word of the MTAPE block specifies the
inputs to be used for the ADC. Not only are there four input
channels that are serviced sequentially, but all four channels can be
switched to an alternate four inputs. This is specified by setting
the sign bit of the third word of the MTAPE block to 1. At some
point in the future, this left half may contain an honest
multiplexing address, such that input can be obtained from any of a
number of sources, but for now, you just have the four main channels
and the four alternate channels.
"Speed" in the first word of the MTAPE block selects the clock rate
used for sampling as follows:
SPEED CLOCK RATE PER CHANNEL
0 6.4 KHz
1 12.8KHz
2 25.6KHz
3 51.2KHz (highest ADC rate)
4 102.4KHz
5 204.8KHz
"Packing" in the first word of the MTAPE block selects the manner in
which samples are packed into words as follows:
CODE PACKING METHOD
0 12-bit two's complement bytes packed 3 to a word.
1 18-bit two's complement bytes packed 2 to a word.
2 9-bit incremental floating-point bytes packed 4 to a
word (DAC only).
Note that the 18-bit byte has only =16 significant bits for the DAC
and only =14 significant bits for the ADC. In the DAC, the two
low-order bits of each byte are ignored. In the ADC, the four
low-order bits of each byte are set to zero.
These packing modes are diagrammed below:
12-bit mode (code 0):
_________________________________________________________
|0 11|12 23|24 35|
| SAMPLE 1 | SAMPLE 2 | SAMPLE 3 |
|__________________|__________________|_________________|
18-bit mode (code 1):
_________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 35|
| SAMPLE 1 | SAMPLE 2 |
|___________________________|___________________________|
9-bit mode (code 2, DAC only):
_________________________________________________________
|0 3|4 8|9 12|13 17|18 21|22 26|27 30|31 35|
| EX1 | MANT1 | EX2 | MANT2 | EX3 | MANT3 | EX4 | MANT4 |
|_____|_______|_____|_______|_____|_______|_____|_______|
This last mode is called Incremental Floating Point (abbreviated IFP)
mode. Each 9-bit byte is decoded into a 4-bit exponent and a 5-bit
mantissa. The mantissa is shifted left the number of places
represented by the number in the exponent and is added into the
current position of the DAC to produce the new position. The sign
bit is inferred from the mantissa, it is not explicit. The sign bit
is taken to be the complement of the high-order mantissa bit, and is
spread throughout the number before the shifting occurs.
To restate: For each channel, the DAC has a 16-bit register, called
the FLTMEM register. These registers are cleared at the beginning of
a transfer. In IFP mode, a 9-bit byte is unpacked from the input
word. The 4 high-order bits of that byte go into a counter, the 5
low-order bits go into the 5 low-order bits of a 21-bit (16+5) shift
register. The complement of the high-order bit of the mantissa is
stored in the =16 high-order bits of that 21-bit shift register.
This entire register is shifted left the number of places (0 to =15)
represented by the number currently in the counter (the exponent).
The =16 high-order bits of this register are then added into the
FLTMEM register for this channel and the sum is stored back into the
FLTMEM register. This sum is also delivered to the DAC.
Notice that this means that a 9-bit byte with all bits zero does not
represent a change of zero in the FLTMEM register. A zero byte will
infer a sign bit of 1, which will be spread throughout the word and
will result in a word of -1. The "official" code for zero is 20.
This has the high-order bit of the mantissa on and all other bits
zero.
"Nchans" in the first word of the MTAPE block selects the number of
channels used in data transfers as follows:
NCHANS MEANING
0 Unused. Currently same as 3 below (quadraphonic).
1 Monaural (1 channel only).
2 Stereo (2 channels).
3 Quadraphonic (4 channels).
For multiple channels, successive samples go to successive channels.
For example, in Stereo mode (Nchans=2), the first sample goes to
channel 1, the second sample goes to channel 2, the third sample goes
to channel 1 again, the fourth to channel 2, and so on.
13.11 The Old AD/DA Converter
The old Analog-to-Digital/Digital-to-Analog Converter (device AD)
operates only in dump mode. The only legal modes for the AD are 16
and 17. Mode 17 is the normal mode. In mode 16 each time a transfer
is requested, it will not be started until bit 28 (0,,200 bit) of the
spacewar buttons is on (see the SPWBUT UUO on page 261).
Note that output from the AD operates only the 4-channel sound
system. Input can come from various sources; see the explanation of
the input channel number below. Data from or to the AD is in 12-bit
bytes packed three to a word.
Normally, an INPUT or OUTPUT will not return until the transfer is
finished; however, if bit 29 (0,,100 bit) is on in the AD status
word, the UUO will return immediately so that you may overlap
computation with the transfer, for instance if you are trying to keep
transfers going continuously. To wait for the last transfer to
finish, use the WAIT UUO (see page 42).
The AD does not take standard dump mode command lists. Each INPUT or
OUTPUT UUO should point to a 5-word block which should contain the
following information:
-<word count>,,<address of data block>-1
<136 CONO bits>
<AD CONO bits>
<CONI bits from 136 returned here after transfer>
<CONI bits from AD returned here after transfer>
The 136 is an interface for the AD. The CONO bits to the 136
interface should be 4250 for input and 3650 for output (unless you
know about the 136 in detail).
Here is an explanation of the AD CONO bits.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF AD CONO BITS
18:23 0,,770000 This is the AD multiplex input channel
number. If auto-indexing is used, this
is the beginning channel number. You
can find a list of the channel numbers
and what devices they correspond to by
looking at SAILON 21, Addendum 1.1,
entitled A/D CONVERTER MULTIPLEXER PATCH
PANEL AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENTS, by Edward
Panofsky. The channel number is not
pertinent for output.
24 0,,4000 Reset bit. This bit should be 1 for
output, 0 for input.
25 0,,2000 Input: auto-indexing. If this bit is a
one, then when a sample has been
transmitted, the multiplex channel
number (see bits 18:23 above) will be
incremented by one before the next
sample is transmitted.
26 0,,1000 Input: complement low-order bit of
channel number after each sample. With
this bit on, if you start out with
either channel 16 or 17, for example,
then samples will alternate between
these two channels. With input, if both
this bit and bit 25 are set, a logical
conflict exists and nothing will happen.
25:26 0,,3000 Output: number of channels of sound. In
this field, a 0 means 1 channel, 1 means
2 channels, 2 means nothing, and 3 means
4 channels. Samples are sent
alternately to the number of channels
indicated.
30:32 0,,70 Clock speed. The meanings of the
different values possible for this field
are: 0--free run, 1--20KHz, 2--25KHz,
3--10KHz, 4--50KHz, and 5--100KHz. FREE
RUN means that as soon as one conversion
is done another one is begun; the actual
speed under this condition can be
somewhat irregular and is probably
somewhere between 100KHz and 200KHz.
The 100KHz speed (5) is not very
reliable.
The system does no error checking for you so you must do your own
with the bits returned in words 3 and 4 of the block. Of these bits,
the only one that is really important is the 136 data-missed bit, bit
23 (0,,10000 bit) in word 3. If this bit is on, then a sample was
lost in the transfer and you should do the transfer again.
If you are running in continuous mode, (bit 29 set in status word),
then the CONI words for the 136 and the AD will not be returned
unless the device catches up with you. This is one way of testing
for errors in continuous mode transfers; if you get the CONI words
back, then either there was some data error (causing the device to
finish early) or you did not supply/accept data as fast as the device
could go.
AD I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL MEANING OF A 1
29 0,,100 Continuous mode. An INPUT or OUTPUT UUO
will return without waiting for its
transfer to complete. However, it will
wait for any previous transfer still in
progress (whether input or output) to
finish before the UUO returns. Thus you
cannot be doing both input and output
simultaneously.
13.12 TV Cameras
For reading the TV cameras, it is recommended that you use already
existing routines rather than write your own. However, for those who
are stubborn enough to want to do it themselves, here is an
explanation of how to read the cameras.
To read a television camera (device TV), you first INIT or OPEN it in
mode 17 and then do dump mode inputs. The TV does not take standard
dump mode command lists. The effective address of an INPUT UUO for
the TV should point to a 4-word block that contains the following
information:
-<word count>,,<address of first word>
<TV camera CONO bits>
<TV camera DATAO word>
<CONI bits from 167 returned here upon completion>
Thus the first word of this block contains the negative of the number
of words of data to be input and the address of the first word of the
block where this data is to go. (Note that this is not standard IOWD
format!) The second word contains (in the right half) the CONO bits
for the TV. These bits have the following meanings:
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF TV CAMERA CONO
BITS
18:20 0,,700000 BCLIP The bottom converter clip
level. Each sample is a 4-bit
number representing the
intensity at a given point.
The =16 levels are taken from
the voltage range specified by
BCLIP and TCLIP (see below);
thus you can control the
camera's exposure setting from
your program. A voltage of
1.0 is put out at a very
bright spot and a voltage of 0
is put out at a completely
dark spot. BCLIP indicates
the voltage which is to
represent a sample of zero.
Only voltages above this value
will produce non-zero samples.
See the table below for the
voltage levels indicated by
the various possible values
for BCLIP.
21:23 0,,700000 TCLIP The top clip level. This
value determines the voltage
which is to represent the
maximum sample value of 17.
All higher voltages will also
produce a sample of 17. See
BCLIP above and the table
below showing voltage levels
corresponding to the possible
values of TCLIP and BCLIP.
VALUE BCLIP TCLIP
0 .875 1.000
1 .750 .875
2 .625 .750
3 .500 .625
4 .375 .500
5 .250 .375
6 .125 .250
7 .000 .125
24:26 0,,7000 CAMERA The camera number. There are
eight possible camera numbers,
but not all of them are wired
in permanently. The cart
camera is number 0, the Cohu
camera is number 1, the Sierra
camera is number 2 and the
Kintel camera is number 3.
27:29 0,,700 VRESOL The vertical resolution
divided by two, minus one. A
zero here gets you every other
line, a one every fourth line,
etc.
30:34 0,,76 This field must contain a 1.
35 0,,1 Horizontal 1/2-sample offset.
If this bit is a one, the
samples within each line will
be taken from positions
approximately 1/2 sample width
to the right of the usual
positions. By doing two
transfers, one with this bit
off and one with it on, you
can essentially double the
horizontal resolution.
Now here are the meanings for the bits in the DATAO word (third word
of block pointed to by the INPUT UUO).
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF TV CAMERA DATAO
WORD
0:8 777,,0 YDISP The Y-coordinate displacement.
Here 0 is the top of the
screen; the bottom is about
400. This is the Y-coordinate
of the top line that you will
receive. Since you can
receive at most every other
line (see VRESOL above), to
get an entire picture you can
read the picture twice, first
with YDISP set to 0 for the
even numbered lines and then
with YDISP set to 1 for the
odd numbered lines.
9:17 777,,0 XDISP The X-coordinate displacement.
Here 0 is the left side of the
picture; the right side is
approximately 515.
18:26 0,,777000 WWIDTH The width of the picture in
words. Each word returned
will contain 9 4-bit samples.
WWIDTH specifies the number of
words returned for each line.
Thus you will get 9*WWIDTH
samples per line. The range
for this field is from 0 to
44.
The data you get from an INPUT is packed 9 4-bit samples to a word.
The first sample is from the upper left hand corner of the picture
specified by the X and Y displacements, horizontal width and word
count. Successive samples are from points just to the right of
previous points until the end of a line, after which the next sample
is from the leftmost point on the next line (the exact line depending
on the vertical resolution).
When the transfer is finished, the CONI bits from the IOP (the 167
data channel) are returned in the fourth word of the block pointed to
by the INPUT UUO. Also, if an error occurred during the transfer and
bit 29 (0,,100 bit) was on in the TV's I/O status word, then the
address within your core image where the transfer was terminated is
returned to you in the left half of the CONI word (fourth word of
block). The important bits in this fourth word are explained below:
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF 1'S IN 167 CONI WORD
30 0,,40 DATA MISSED. A word (9 samples) was
missed by the memory and the transfer
was terminated. You cannot be sure that
you have a complete picture; thus you
should do the transfer again.
31 0,,20 NON-EX MEM. The camera referenced a
non-existent memory location. This
should never happen!
32 0,,10 JOB DONE. If the transfer has been
completed successfully, then this bit
will be on. If this bit is not on, then
the camera is hung and not responding;
for instance, the camera's power might
be off or your specifications might have
been illegal somehow.
TV I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL MEANING OF A 1
29 0,,100 Return data address at time of error in
left half of CONI word.
13.13 The IMP
The Interface Message Processor (device IMP) is the interface between
the system and the ARPA network. To do anything over the network, it
is necessary to use the IMP. Before explaining usage of the IMP, I
will define some network terms. However, these definitions do not
describe all of the network protocol. Anyone writing a program that
utilizes the network should first read the network documents in order
to gain some understanding of the protocol involved.
SOCKET: Any connection between two hosts involves two sockets, a send
socket on one end and a receive socket on the other end. In a normal
interaction, there will be two connections so that data can flow both
ways; thus four socket numbers are involved: a local send socket
number, a local receive socket number, a foreign send socket number,
and a foreign receive socket numbers. These numbers are internal
connection indices and are used to keep different interactions
separate. Of these four socket numbers, each receive socket number
must be even and each send socket number must be the odd number which
is one greater than the receive socket number at the same end. A
socket number is 32 bits long.
RFC--Request For Connection: To establish a connection, the
originating host sends an RFC to the destination host with a local
socket number and a foreign socket number as arguments. The
destination host can complete the connection by returning an RFC with
the same socket numbers, or can refuse the connection by returning a
close code. Normally two connections are made for full duplex.
LINK: Once a connection is established, an 8-bit link number is
assigned such that the 8-bit host number concatenated with the 8-bit
link number is unique at both ends of the connection. During the
lifetime of the connection, the link number is used to identity the
connection to the IMP network. The IMP itself is programmed in such
a way that only one message may be in transit on a particular link at
a time. The IMP signals the sending host that the message has
arrived by returning a RFNM (request for new message) with that link
number as an argument. All of this is invisible to the user.
ALLOCATION: The host to host protocol defines a kind of flow control
on a higher level than the RFNM control. This is the allocation
system. When a connection is first established, the receiving host
sends a control message telling the sending host how many bits and
messages can conveniently be buffered. The sending host must then
not send more than that many bits or messages without waiting for
more allocation from the receiving host. Alt↓Q←UOPA[UGPA←_@AiQ%fASf4∃k]g∃K\Ai<AiQJ↓kgKd0AiQJ↓kgKd↓QCfA
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AoQCPAiQJAEsi∀AgSu∀A←LAQQJAG=]]KGQS←\A%f@Ai<AEJv4∃iQJAeKG∃SmJAMSIJ@↓←LAi!J@AG=]]KGQS←\A!Cf@A9↑AGQ=SGJ@↓S\@AQQJA[¬iiKd8~∃'i¬]M←e⊂ACYY=ofAEeiJAg%uKf@↓←L@b0@dX@LX@hX@lX@`X@rXbdX@DlX@@DpX@fHX~∃C9H@fl↓ESif8@A≠←Mh@A←QQKdA!←gif↓CYY←\A←]Yd@@pXfdXA¬]H@fX@AESQf\@AQQJ~∃MiC]I¬eHA)∃→≥ (AG←]9KGiS=\ASfp@AE%ifAo%iPAi!J@Ae%OQi[=gh@nAESiLA←L~)KCGP↓EsiJAEKS9NAC\ACgG%RAGQ¬eCGi∃dAk]1Kgf@↓iQJA!SOP[=eIKdAEShPd``4∃ESh$ASfA=\XAS8AoQS
PAGCMJAiQ∀AGQCICGiKHASfA∧AG←[5C]HAQ↑AiQ∀AeKG∃SmS]≤~∃) 1≥ (\AαAEeiJAg%uJASLAKgi¬EYSg!KHAM=dAiQ∀AYSM∀A←LA∧@AG←9]KGi%←\AC9H~∃[¬rA]←PAEJA
QC]O∃HAk]QSX@AQQJAG=]]KGQS←\A%fAEe=WK\\A/QK8As←jAI↑A%≠ ~∃%]akhQ←kiAkhRXAiQJ↓ICiB↓eKGK%mKH@QgK]PRASf↓aCGW∃H@@QU]aCG-KHRA%]i↑~(QMe←4RAs←UdAEk→MKefAKMM∃GiSm∃YrAo%iPA∪⊃!∧@Q%→ ∧RAS]gQekGi%←]fAUgS]N4∃iQJAG←]9KGiSn byte size. Thus in buffered mode, after you have
INITed the IMP, you should change your buffer header's byte pointer
byte size to the connection byte size. In dump mode, you should
unpack (pack) the data with ILDBs (IDPBs) using the connection byte
size.
FURTHER NOTE ON 8-BIT BYTE SIZE: When you do buffered IMP I/O with an
8-bit byte size (the standard TELNET connection byte size), the four
low-order bits (bits 32:35--0,,17 bits) of the last data word of each
buffer are used to indicate which of the four 8-bit bytes in that
word contain real data and which are merely padding. This permits
the use of the null byte as significant data identifyable from
padding nulls. Bytes that are just padding are marked by having the
corresponding low-order bit on. Programs that don't care about nulls
can ignore the low-order marking bits. On output, the bytes you have
marked as padding are not transmitted to the IMP; on input, the bytes
of nulls used to pad the input to a full word boundary are marked
with the corresponding low-order bits on. The following table gives
the correspondences between bytes in the last data word of a buffer
and the low-order bits of that word that are used to mark padding.
BITS OCTAL BYTE MARKED AS PADDING
32 0,,10 First byte: 776000,,0
33 0,,4 Second byte:1774,,0
34 0,,2 Third byte: 3,,770000
35 0,,1 Fourth byte:0,,7760
IMP I/O
The IMP is similar to any other sharable I/O device in that it may be
initialized with an INIT and released with a RELEAS, but it is
different in that one must first open a connection before one may
exchange data. Connections are opened and closed separately for the
receive side and the send side, even though the I/O channel number is
the same. One may open and close connections liberally without
having to do more than one INIT. The INPUT and OUTPUT UUOs are used
to read data from, and to send data over, the connection. The CLOSE
UUO may be used to close one or both of the send and receive
connections (the close-inhibit bits determine which sides are
closed). To open a connection or to get one of several special
functions, the user does an MTAPE UUO with the effective address
pointing to a variable length table whose first word is a code
number. This number determines the function of the UUO. These
functions will be explained below, but first here are explanations of
some bits relevant to the IMP.
The status of a connection is contained in several places. The
actual connection status is in a status word, one for each
connection. If you have both a receive and a send connection, then
you will have two status words. MTAPE 2 gives you these status
words. The bits are decoded as follows:
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
1 200000,,0 RFCS RFC sent.
2 100000,,0 RFCR RFC received.
3 40000,,0 CLSS Close sent.
4 20000,,0 CLSR Close received.
11 100,,0 INTINR Interrupt by receiver.
12 40,,0 INTINS Interrupt by sender.
The normal state of an open connection is 300000 in the left half,
possibly with other bits on that are not mentioned above (some bits
are used internally by the system). When a connection is closed or
closing, CLSS or CLSR will be on. No more data may be transmitted or
received over the connection at this point. The foreign host may
send us interrupts. He can send an interrupt from receiver or an
interrupt from sender. These can be received as user interrupts or
can be tested for explicitly by MTAPE 14. Interrupts can be sent
using MTAPE 11; interrupts generated by this UUO will not appear in
the connection status words for the user generating them.
More status bits occur in the I/O status word, which can be gotten
with a GETSTS UUO, or examined with a STATZ or STATO UUO, or cleared
with a SETSTS UUO. These bits are as follows:
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANINGS OF 1'S IN IMP I/O
STATUS WORD
25 0,,2000 HDEAD Host or destination IMP dead.
This means that the last
message sent stayed in the IMP
network for a certain length
of time without being eaten by
the destination. In this
case, the IMP flushes the
message and sends us back a
HOST DEAD message.
26 0,,1000 CTROV Foreign host goofed and sent
us more bits than we allocated
him. The system closes the
connection when this happens.
27 0,,400 RSET Foreign host sent us a reset,
which asks us to clear all our
tables of references to this
host. The connection is
closed. Some sites (including
CMU and Harvard) will, as
standard procedure, send a
reset the first time we
connect to them after their
system has come up. In this
case, trying again will
succeed. In the more normal
case, RSET means the host has
just crashed and been brought
up again.
28 0,,200 TMO Timeout occurred. Your job
was in a wait state and timed
out (see MTAPE 17).
User interrupts can be taken on a number of conditions. These are
described below. See Section 9 to find out how to enable and receive
interrupts.
BITS OCTAL NAME INTERRUPT CONDITION
11 100,,0 INTINR Interrupt from foreign receive
side.
12 40,,0 INTINS Interrupt from foreign send
side.
13 20,,0 INTIMS Status change. One or more of
the bits CLSS, CLSR, RFCS,
RFCR has changed.
14 10,,0 INTINP Some new input has arrived.
The next INPUT UUO will not
wait. The INTINP interrupt is
generated every time a regular
data message is received by
the system. One can test for
data received and waiting in
the system with an MTAPE 10
UUO.
IMP MTAPEs
Now on to the MTAPEs themselves.
MTAPE [OP=072]
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <function number>
<other data depending on function number>
...
This is the general form of the IMP MTAPE UUOs. The function number
specified at ADR determines the meaning of the UUO. What is expected
and/or returned in the words following ADR is also dependent on the
function number. The various functions are explained below.
Some of these functions may go into a wait state. They will be
awakened either because of their normal wakeup condition, or some
special condition. Some of the special conditions that may occur are
specified by the bits in the right half of the I/O status word. For
instance, if you are waiting for input and a reset arrives, the job
is awakened and RSET is set. An I/O error bit (one of IOBKTL,
IODTER, IODERR, IOIMPM or IODEND) will be set if the wakeup was due
to a special condition, so the normal IN and OUT UUOs will skip if
the wakeup was not due to the normal wakeup condition.
In any operation which expects the status word to be returned in word
1 (CONNECT, LISTEN, etc), an error code may be returned instead in
the rightmost 6-bits. These errors are as follows:
CODE NAME MEANING
1 SIU Socket in use. There is already a connection
on the specified local socket number.
2 CCS Can't change socket numbers. This means a
foreign socket number has already been set
and an RFC received for this local socket
number. You can't change the socket number
because the foreign host already knows what
it is.
3 SYS Horrible system error. Can't happen.
4 NLA No link available. System IMP capacity
exceeded.
5 ILB Illegal byte size.
6 IDD IMP dead.
Here are the various IMP MTAPE functions available.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 0 ;CONNECT
ADR+1: <status bits returned here>
ADR+2: <local socket number, 32 bits, right-justified>
ADR+3: <wait flag: non-zero for wait for connection>
ADR+4: <byte size if sending, else byte size returned here>
ADR+5: <foreign socket number>
ADR+6: <host number, 8 bits, right-justified>
An RFC is sent to the host whose number is in word 6 with the local
socket number taken from word 2 and the foreign socket number taken
from word 5. If word 3 is non-zero, the user program goes into RFC
wait until timed out (see MTAPE 17) or until an RFC with matching
socket numbers and host number arrives. If a matching RFC has
already arrived from the foreign host, this UUO will not wait, but
will complete the connection immediately. If you wish to open a
receive connection, the local socket number must be even and the
foreign socket number odd. To open a send connection, the local
socket number must be odd and the foreign socket number even.
If you are opening a receive connection (local socket number is
even), and either the wait flag (word 3) is on or a matching RFC was
already waiting, then the connection byte size is returned in word 4.
If you are opening a send connection (local socket number odd), you
must specify the connection byte size in word 4.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 1 ;LISTEN
ADR+1: <status bits returned here>
ADR+2: <local socket number>
ADR+3: <wait flag: non-zero for wait>
ADR+4: <byte size if sending, else byte size returned here>
ADR+5: <foreign socket number returned here>
ADR+6: <host number returned here>
This function is used to listen for an RFC from a foreign host to a
specific socket number here and to connect to that foreign host
automatically when the RFC is received. If word 3 is non-zero, this
UUO will wait for the connection to be made.
When an RFC for the specified socket arrives from a foreign host, a
connection is made. If the local socket number is even (receive
side), and either the wait flag (word 3) is on or the RFC was already
waiting for you, then the connection byte size is returned in word 4.
If the local socket number is odd (send side), you must specify the
byte size in word 4. The foreign socket number to which you get
connected is returned in word 5; a -1 is returned if no connection
has been made (wait flag off). The foreign host number is returned
in word 6.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 2 ;GET STATUS
ADR+1: <status bits for local send side returned here>
ADR+2: <status bits for local receive side returned here>
This function returns the status bits for both the send side and the
receive side of a connection. These bits are explained on page 318.
If the connection is not open, zero is stored. If a reset has been
received, both CLSS and CLSR will be on.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 3 ;TERMINATE CONNECTION
ADR+1: <status bits returned here>
ADR+2: <local socket number>
ADR+3: <Wait flag: non-zero to wait for close>
This sends a close to the foreign host for the socket specified in
word 2. If word 3 is non-zero, the job is placed in CLS wait until a
return close is received, or the CLS timeout occurs (signified by TMO
being on in the I/O status word).
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 4 ;WAIT FOR CONNECTION COMPLETION
ADR+1: <status bits returned here>
ADR+2: <socket number>
This is meaningful only if a CONNECT or LISTEN was given without
waiting (word 3 = 0). In this case, the job is put into RFC wait
until an RFC arrives or a timeout occurs.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 5 ;DUMP MONITOR TABLES
ADR+1: <number of words of tables desired>
ADR+2: <address of place to put tables>
This dumps the monitor tables into your core image. The format of
these tables is much too lengthy to be discussed here, but is sort of
described in IMPDDB[S,SYS] pages 6 and 7. The part that is dumped is
after the label SYSTBS.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 6 ;WAKEUP MAIN PROCESS
This function is valid only when given at interrupt level. This will
wake up the main process if it is in any wait state due to the IMP.
It also sets TMO in the I/O status bits.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 7 ;GET SOCKET NUMBERS AND HOST-LINK NUMBERS
ADR+1: <host-link number for send side>
ADR+2: <local send socket>
ADR+3: <foreign receive socket>
ADR+4: <host-link number for receive side>
ADR+5: <local receive socket>
ADR+6: <foreign send socket>
This function returns the above socket numbers and host-link numbers.
A host-link number is a 16-bit right-justified quantity. The first 8
bits are the host number and the last 8 bits are the link number.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 10 ;SKIP IF ANY INPUT PRESENT
This function skips if there is input waiting that has not yet been
transferred to the user's buffers. Otherwise the direct return is
taken.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 11 ;SEND INTERRUPT
ADR+1: <status bits returned here>
ADR+2: <local socket number>
This function sends an interrupt by receiver (INR) if the socket
number is even (receive side) and an interrupt by sender (INS) if the
socket number is odd (send side).
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 12 ;RESURRECT IMP IF DOWN
This is a privileged UUO and is applicable only if the IMP system is
down, in which case it attempts to bring it up.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 13 ;NO-OP (formerly BLESS HOST)
This UUO is now a no-op. It was formerly used to clear the system's
host-dead bit for a particular host but the system no longer keeps a
table of dead hosts. All hosts are assumed alive except for an
instant after the IMP network has returned a Host Dead message in
response to an attempt by us to send that host a message.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 14 ;TEST AND CLEAR INTERRUPTS
ADR+1: <-1 returned here if any send side interrupts>
ADR+2: <-1 returned here if any receive side interrupts>
This UUO tells you if you have received either an interrupt by
foreign sender or an interrupt by foreign receiver. It also clears
the interrupt condition. For each of the two types of interrupts, a
minus one is returned if the corresponding interrupt has been
received, and a zero is returned if no interrupt has been received.
When one of these interrupts arrives, the corresponding bit (INTINS
or INTINR) is set in the status word for that connection, and if you
are enabled for that interrupt condition, a user interrupt is
generated.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 15 ;ALLOCATE
ADR+1: <type code: 0 for as specified, 1 for system max,
2 for min, and 3 for system default values>
ADR+2: <number of bits of allocation (for type = 0)>
ADR+3: <number of messages of allocation (for type = 0)>
This changes the allocation we have given the foreign host. If this
UUO is not given, the system default value is used, which is fairly
small. The system maximum is =1024 words, and the system minimum is
2 words. The default value is about =50 words. We allocate in two
dimensions. We allocate both the number of bits and the number of
messages he may send. Since free storage blocks are about =50 words
long, the system maximum number of messages is 1024/50. If the
function code (word 1) is 0, the new allocation is taken from words 2
and 3, clipped to fit within the system maximum and minimum, and set
accordingly. Notice that if the connection is not yet open, this
does not actually cause the allocation to happen, just sets the
values that will be given. Allocation does not actually occur until
the first IN (INPUT) UUO is given, or an MTAPE 10 is given. Do not
expect any input interrupts until one of these UUOs has been given!
If we do not allocate him anything, nothing will happen!
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 16 ;GET ALLOCATIONS
ADR+1: <number of bits we have allocated him>
ADR+2: <number of messages we have allocated him>
ADR+3: <number of bits he has left>
ADR+4: <number of messages he has left>
ADR+5: <number of bits in free storage>
ADR+6: <number of messages in free storage>
ADR+7: <number of bits he has allocated us>
ADR+10: <number of messages he has allocated us>
Function 16 returns the above allocation values.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 17 ;SET TIMEOUTS
ADR+1: <word of 6-bit bytes: number of 2-second units
for timeouts on CLS, RFNM, ALLOC, RFC, INP;
0 means never timeout.>
A job can enter a wait state waiting for any one of five different
kinds of messages to arrive over the network: CLS (a return close of
a connection), RFNM (a request for new message, indicating that the
last message sent reached its destination), ALLOC (an allocation from
a foreign receive socket, needed so that we can send some data), RFC
(a request for connection, necessary to complete a connection), or
INP (input data from a foreign host). In each of these cases, a
timeout may be set. IMP MTAPE function 17 takes 6-bit fields from
word 1 for five timeout values: CLS timeout is in bits 0:5 (770000,,0
bits), RFNM in bits 6:11 (7700,,0 bits), ALLOC in bits 12:17 (77,,0
bits), RFC in bits 18:23 (0,,770000 bits), and INP in bits 24:29
(0,,7700 bits). The value in each field is the number of 2-second
units of timeout duration. The maximum timeout duration is thus =126
(2*63) seconds. Zero in any field means never time out waiting for
that condition (i.e., wait forever for that condition). Bits 30:35
(0,,77 bits) are not currently used.
When a RFNM, ALLOC or INP timeout occurs, one or more I/O status
error bits are set (which will cause an IN or OUT UUO to take the
error return). When an RFC or CLS timeout occurs, the UUO in
progress just goes on as if it had never tried to wait. When any of
the five timeouts occurs, the timeout bit (TMO) is set in the
connection status word.
Note that we can go into CLS wait inside a CONNECT or LISTEN if the
local socket has a half-closed connection associated with it. For
this reason, it is always good to wait at least a few seconds for the
return CLS.
The system default timeout values are 6 seconds for CLS, 40 seconds
for RFNM, and no timeout for ALLOC, RFC, and INP.
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
ADR: 20 ;GET TIMEOUTS
ADR+1: <current timeout word returned here>
Function 20 returns the current timeout word as defined above in
function 17.
13.14 The PDP-11 Interface: ELF
The PDP-11 interface (device ELF) allows programs running on the
PDP-10 to access the PDP-11 and can be operated only in dump mode
(mode 16 or 17). The IN/INPUT and OUT/OUTPUT UUOs should point to a
single IOWD word, which does NOT need to be followed by a zero word.
ELF I/O Status Word Summary
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF A 1
18 0,,400000 IOIMPM Improper mode specified in
INIT or OPEN.
19 0,,200000 IODERR An error occurred during the
last data transfer, turning on
one of the bits: NXM11, BUSTO,
PARITY, or HUNG.
20 0,,100000 Unused.
21 0,,40000 NXM11 No response from the addressed
UNIBUS location.
22 0,,20000 BUSTO Interface couldn't get the
UNIBUS.
23 0,,10000 IOACT Unused.
24 0,,4000 BUSNIT You lost because a Unibus
reset is going on.
25 0,,2000 PARITY Bad parity indication.
26 0,,1000 HUNG Interface is hung
irretrievably.
27 0,,400 Unused.
28 0,,200 BGRAB Interface is holding onto the
UNIBUS (the PDP-11 is
hanging).
29 0,,100 NRETRY Don't retry on NXM11 or HUNG.
If NXM11 or HUNG is on, the system has tried =10 times before giving
up unless NRETRY is on. It always retries =10 times on BUSTO.
UUOs with Special Meanings for ELF
USETI [OP=074]
--------------------------------------------------
USETI <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <flag and input mode>,,<flag and input UNIBUS address>
The USETI UUO to device ELF is used to set the input mode and/or the
beginning UNIBUS address for the next input operation. If bit 0
(400000,,0 bit) of the word at ADR is on, the input mode is set from
bits 13:17 (37,,0 bits) of ADR. If bit 18 (0,,400000 bit) of ADR is
on, the output UNIBUS address is set from bits 19:35 (0,,377777 bits)
of ADR. All of these bits are explained in the table following the
USETO UUO below.
USETO [OP=075]
--------------------------------------------------
USETO <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <flag and output mode>,,<flag and output UNIBUS address>
The USETO UUO to device ELF is used to set the output mode and/or the
beginning UNIBUS address for the next output operation. If bit 0
(400000,,0 bit) of the word at ADR is on, the output mode is set from
bits 13:17 (37,,0 bits) of ADR. If bit 18 (0,,400000 bit) of ADR is
on, the output UNIBUS address is set from bits 19:35 (0,,377777 bits)
of ADR. All of these bits are explained in the table below.
BITS OCTAL NAME MEANING OF FIELD IN
USETI/USETO WORD FOR ELF
0 400000,,0 If this bit is on, the mode
for transfers in the given
direction (input if USETI,
output if USETO) is set from
bits 13:17 (see below). If
this bit is off, the mode
remains as it was before.
13 20,,0 NOPAR Ignore parity errors.
14 10,,0 GRAB Hold on to the UNIBUS during
and after the transfer. Any
error condition that sets
IODERR will release the bus.
15 4,,0 SGNEXT Extend the sign of input data.
16:17 3,,0 Data packing mode, decoded as
follows
0--One PDP-11 word per word, right-justified.
1--Two words per word, right-justified.
2--Two words per word, in right-most 32 bits.
3--Two words per word, in left-most 32 bits.
In the two-word modes, the
higher-order PDP-11 word is
the one at the first UNIBUS
address. Sign extension has
no effect in mode 3; it
operates on each halfword
separately in mode 1.
18 0,,400000 If this bit is on, the bus
address for the next transfer
in the given direction is set
from bits 19:35. If this bit
is off, the address remains
where the last transfer in
this direction left it
(pointing to the UNIBUS
address immediately following
the last word transferred).
Note that these are word, not
byte, addresses.
19:35 0,,377777 BUSADR If bit 18 above is on, this
field holds the UNIBUS address
for the next transfer in the
given direction.
UGETF [OP=073]
--------------------------------------------------
UGETF <channel number>,ADR
ADR: <USETI word>
<USETO word>
The UGETF UUO for device ELF returns the states of the USETI and
USETO pointers and modes in the two-word block pointed to by the
effective address of the UUO. The USETI value is returned in the
first word and the USETO value in the second word of the block. The
results are stored with bits 0 and 18 (400000,,400000 bits) on so
that a subsequent USETI or USETO addressed to one of these words will
set both the mode and the bus address.
RELEAS [OP=071]
--------------------------------------------------
RELEAS <channel number>,
The RELEAS UUO for device ELF resets the interface, clears its
interrupt enablings, and sets the USET pointers to 400000,,400000.
MTAPE [OP=072]
--------------------------------------------------
MTAPE <channel number>,ADR
<error return>
ADR: <instruction>
<data>
The MTAPE UUO for device ELF does various things depending on the
contents of ADR. ADR+1 either contains data that will be written to
the 11 or receives data read from the 11. In case of an error, the
appropriate error bits will be on in the ELF's I/O status word. The
general form of the <instruction> at ADR is as follows:
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF FIELDS IN <INSTRUCTION>
0:8 777000,,0 Operation code, see explanations below.
9:12 740,,0 Unused.
13:17 37,,0 Mode, as in a USETI or USETO UUO (see
above).
18 0,,400000 Unused.
19:35 0,,377777 UNIBUS address.
The mode and address of an MTAPE have no effect on the USET pointers
or the operation of subsequent INs and OUTs, except that the BGRAB
state of the interface (and the BGRAB bit of the I/O status word)
reflect the state left by the last operation performed. That is, the
mode and address specified in an MTAPE affect that MTAPE only (except
for the BGRAB bit).
OPCODE NAME FUNCTION EXECUTED
1 FILL The <data> word is interpreted as
<number>,,<const>. The value <const> is
written into <number> consecutive words
beginning at the specified address. Mode
bits 16:17 (3,,0 bits) are ignored.
2 PEEK One or two PDP-11 words (depending on the
mode) are read into ADR+1.
3 POKE The <data> is written into one or two PDP-11
words (depending on the mode) at the
specified address.
4 BUSREL The interface is cleared and forced to
release the UNIBUS if it is in BGRAB mode.
The BGRAB bit is cleared. The mode field
and the bus-address field are ignored.
Other MTAPEs for poking buttons on the PDP-11's console will be added
when the hardware is built.
13.15 The Voice Synthesizer (Voder)
The voice synthesizer, or voder, (device VOD) can only do output and
must be operated in mode 10. The buffer size is =20 data words. The
data in the user's buffer is sent directly to the voder.
The voder interface interprets each word as four 9-bit bytes. The
400 bit of each byte is the valid bit. The other eight bits
represent a phoneme. Care should be taken to avoid the phoneme with
value zero because this will cause the voder to stop; the remainder
of the buffer will not be transmitted until later and data may become
lost.
For a description of the correspondence between phonemes and byte
values, see the section on the voder in the FACILITY MANUAL (SAILON
56) by Ted Panofsky (found online as FACIL.TED[H,DOC]).
There is no special DEVCHR bit for the voder. Only the UUOs: OPEN
(and INIT), OUT (and OUTPUT), CLOSE and RELEAS are valid for the
voder. LOOKUP, ENTER, RENAME, and MTAPE are no-ops.
13.16 The Cart Control Transmitter (CAR)
The cart control transmitter (device CAR) is used to send commands to
the cart. This device can be used only in mode 10. The default
buffer size is =20 data words and any data beyond the first =20 words
in each buffer will be ignored. Smaller buffers are permitted.
The cart control transmitter is controlled through the cart control
interface.
The Cart Control Interface
The cart control interface consists of an array of =18 power
transistors used to operate the cart control transmitter and whatever
lights, relays and similar things happen to be connected to it at the
moment. Each transistor is capable of sinking up to two amps from a
positive voltage of up to 60 volts to ground. The transistors are
labelled =18 through =35.
The on/off state of each transistor can be altered by a CONO to the
cart control interface. The right halfword of the CONO consists of
two bits of control information (bits 18:19--0,,600000 bits), and =16
bits of mask (one bit for each of transistors =20 through =35 in bits
20:35--0,,177777 bits). A one bit in this mask means the
corresponding transistor is to be affected. The following table
gives the current use of each of the CONO bits to the cart control
interface.
BITS OCTAL CONO BITS TO CART CONTROL INTERFACE
18 0,,400000 This bit determines whether the
transistors selected by ones in bits
20:35 (0,,177777 bits) are to be turned
on or off. A zero in this bit position
causes the selected transistors to be on
(i.e., to pull to ground), whereas a one
in this bit causes the selected
transistors to be off.
19 0,,200000 This bit being on causes retriggering of
a one shot which has a period of
approximately one second; the one shot
controls the state of transistors 18 and
19. Transistor 18 is off and 19 is on
when the one shot is active, and the
reverse is true when the one shot has
timed out. Transistor 18 operates a
relay which, when off, causes the cart
control transmitter to be on. This
means that the transmitter is on the air
only as long as cart CONOs with the
0,,200000 bit on are issued at least
once a second.
20:35 0,,177777 The transistors among =20 to =35 to be
affected by this CONO are those whose
bits are on in this mask. The effect on
these selected transistors is determined
by the value of bit 18 (0,,400000 bit)
above. The current uses of these =16
transistors are indicated in the
following individual descriptions. Note
that transistors 27:35 (0,,777 bits) are
never affected by output to device
CAR--see below.
20 0,,100000 (Currently unused.)
21 0,,40000 Controls the pan-left cart function.
22 0,,20000 Controls the pan-right cart function.
23 0,,10000 Controls the steer-left cart function.
24 0,,4000 Controls the steer-right cart function.
25 0,,2000 Controls the drive-on cart function.
26 0,,1000 Controls the cart drive direction.
27:34 0,,776 (Currently unused.)
35 0,,1 Operates the UDP unload light.
A CONI to the cart control interface returns a word with bits 20:35
(0,,177777 bits) indicating the current states of transistors 20:35,
where a one in a particular bit position means the corresponding
transistor is off. Bits 0:19 (777777,,600000 bits) of the returned
word will always be zero.
The Transmitter
Device CAR can be used to put the 0,,177000 bits of the cart control
interface through an accurately timed sequence of states without
affecting the 0,,777 bits. This is done by outputting data words to
device CAR in mode 10.
Each data word output to device CAR is interpreted as a cart command
unless the sign bit (bit 0--400000,,0) is on (see next paragraph).
Bits 20:26 (0,,177000) of each cart command contain a mask specifying
a state for transistors 20:26 of the cart control interface--a one in
a particular bit position means that the corresponding transistor is
to be on. The left half of each cart command (777777,,0 bits)
contains the number of ticks (60ths of a second) for which this state
is to be maintained. The system executes commands from a buffer one
at a time, issuing CONOs with the 0,,200000 bit on at least once
every half second.
When the last command in a buffer has finished, the system sends a
default state at a given rate. The default state is initially a 0
sent once every half second, but this can be altered by including in
any buffer a control word with the sign bit on (bit 0--400000,,0).
Bits 20:26 (0,,177000 bits) of such a control word are taken as the
default state for transistors 20:26, where a one in a given bit
position means the corresponding transistor is to be on. Bits 1:17
(377777,,0) of a control word are interpreted as the interval in
60ths of a second between times this default state is sent. Control
words of this kind do nothing but set these defaults.
Bits 18:19 and 27:35 (0,,600777 bits) are unused both in cart
commands and in control words, and cart control interface transistors
27:35 are unaffected by output to device CAR.
SECTION 14--SPECIAL I/O GADGETS
This section describes various special I/O gadgets that are not
DEVICES (in the standard system meaning) in that they cannot be
INITed. Included here are the dialer, the III display processor, and
the Data Disc display system and interface.
14.1 The Dialer
The automatic dialer is provided for programs that want to be able to
dial up a telephone number. The dialer is accessed through the DIAL
UUO, which is explained below.
DIAL [OP=047, ADR=400117] CALLI 400117
--------------------------------------------------
MOVEI AC,ADR
DIAL AC,
<error return, error code in AC>
ADR: <dialer number>,,<function number>
<area code if dialing--see format below>
<telephone number if dialing--see format below>
Error codes:
0 Illegal dialer number.
1 Dialer in use by someone else.
2 Do not have TTY11 open on an I/O channel.
3 Attempted to dial while call in progress (should hang up first).
4 Dialing failure.
The DIAL UUO permits program control of dialing out on the phone line
which is connected to the system as TTY11. After completion of a
call, TTY input and/or output can be done over the phone through
TTY11. The AC specified in the DIAL UUO should contain the address
of a data block, the first word of which specifies a DIALER NUMBER in
the left half and a FUNCTION NUMBER in the right half. Currently
there is only one dialer and thus the dialer number must be zero in
all calls of this UUO. The function number determines what function
the DIAL UUO is to carry out. The various dialer functions are
listed below; you must do a CLAIM DIALER (function 0) before you can
execute any of the other functions (for a specific dialer number).
The second and third words in the data block are used only if the
function number specifies dialing a number.
CODE FUNCTION FOR DIAL UUO
0 Claim dialer. This claims the indicated dialer for your job
and must be executed before any other function is performed
with this dialer number.
1 Get dialer status. This returns in AC left the dialer's
CONI value as of the last dialer interrupt and in AC right
the value from a current dialer CONI. The meanings of the
dialer CONI bits are listed in the table below.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF 1'S IN DIALER CONI
BITS
24 0,,4000 Data set answered, or voice
call. Bit 28 ← 1.
25 0,,2000 Data set disconnect. Bit 28 ←
0.
26 0,,1000 Busy. The dialer or its
dataphone is in use.
27 0,,400 Data phone not hung (OK).
28 0,,200 Data set connected.
29 0,,100 Voice call--connected to AD/DA
after completion.
30 0,,40 Power failure on the dialer.
31 0,,20 Interrupt. Bits 24, 25, 27 and
30 cause interrupts.
32 0,,10 Interrupt enabled.
33:35 0,,7 Interrupt channel.
2 Dial a number. The word at ADR+1 holds the area code in the
following format:
BITS OCTAL DIALER AREA CODE FORMAT
0:17 777777,,0 Unused.
18:21 0,,740000 First digit of area code.
22:25 0,,036000 Second digit of area code.
26:29 0,,001700 Third digit of area code.
30:35 0,,77 Unused.
The word at ADR+2 holds the remaining seven digits of the
phone number in this format:
BITS OCTAL DIALER PHONE NUMBER FORMAT
0:5 770000,,0 Unused.
6 4000,,0 Dial area code if this bit is
on.
7 2000,,0 Switch phone to AD/DA when call
completed. This feature is not
implemented!
8:11 1700,,0 First digit of phone number.
12:15 74,,0 Second digit of phone number.
16:19 3,,600000 Third digit of phone number.
20:23 0,,170000 Fourth digit of phone number.
24:27 0,,7400 Fifth digit of phone number.
28:31 0,,360 Sixth digit of phone number.
32:35 0,,17 Seventh digit of phone number.
3 Hang up the dialer's phone.
4 Release dialer (automatically done if you release TTY11).
14.2 III Display Processor
The III display processor is itself a small computer. The
instructions that it executes form the display. In order for a user
to use the display processor, he must compile display instructions
into his program and ask the system to give these instructions to the
display processor. See Section 4.1 and Section 4.4 for details on
getting the system to run your display program. This section
explains the instructions that can be executed by the III display
processor.
TSS Instruction
Test, set, and skip Opcode 12
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 7|8 15|16 23|24 30| 31 |32 35|
| RESET | SET | TEST | unused | I | 1010 |
|___________|____________|___________|___________|_______|__________|
A skip condition is generated if at least one of the eight flags is
on and the corresponding bit in the TEST field is on. If the
exclusive or of the skip condition and bit 31 is true, the next
instruction is skipped. The flags are then set or reset according to
the set and reset field. If both set and reset bits are on, the
corresponding flag is complemented. The flags are as follows:
BITS OCTAL FLAG MEANING
0,8,16 401002,,0 Control bit. This bit may be set,
reset, and tested but has no other
meaning to the processor.
1,9,17 200401,,0 Light pen flag. The bit is set if the
light pen is seen.
2,10,18100200,,400000Edge overflow flag. This bit is set if
the beam is ever positioned off the
screen by any means.
3,11,1940100,,200000 Wrap-around flag. This bit is set if
overflow occurs in incremental vector
mode.
4,12,2020040,,100000 Not running mask. If this bit is on,
the processor will interrupt if a halt
is executed. This bit cannot be set or
reset by this instruction.
5,13,2110020,,40000 Light pen mask. If this bit is on, the
processor will interrupt if the light
pen flag comes on.
6,14,224010,,20000 Edge overflow mask. If this bit is on,
the processor will interrupt if the edge
overflow flag comes on.
7,15,232004,,10000 Wrap-around mask. If this bit is on,
the processor will interrupt if the
wrap-around flag comes on.
LVW Instruction
Long vector word Opcode 06
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 10|11 21|22 24|25 27|28| 29 |30 31|32 35|
| X | Y | BRT | SIZE | | M | T | 0110 |
|___________|___________|_________|_________|__|_____|_____|________|
The long vector word draws one vector with mode, type and brightness
as specified by the M, T, and BRT fields respectively. A 0 in the
BRT field indicates no change in brightness. 1 is the dimmest
intensity and 7 the brightest. The brightness affects all vectors
and characters until reset by another long vector word.
Mode 0 indicates relative mode and 1 indicates absolute mode. In
absolute mode, the new position is given by the X and Y components
relative to the center of the screen. In relative mode the
components are added to the current position to give the new
position.
TYPE MEANING
0 Visible.
1 End point.
2 Invisible.
3 Undefined, currently end point.
A visible vector is drawn from the current position to the new
position; the invisible vector moves the beam to the new position
without displaying; the end point vector moves the beam to the new
position and then displays a point.
The size field sets the character size. The selected size is used
for all characters until reset by another long vector word with a
non-zero character size field. The sizes are:
SIZE CHARS PER LINE LINES PER SCREEN
0 no change no change
1 128 (smallest chars)64
2 85 42
3 73 36
4 64 32
5 42 21
6 32 16
7 21 (largest chars) 10
SVW Instruction
Short vector word Opcode 02
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 6|7 13|14 15|16 22|23 29|30 31|32 35|
| dX1 | dY1 | T1 | dX2 | dY2 | T1 | 0010 |
|_________|_________|________|_________|_________|________|_________|
The short vector word always draws two vectors in relative mode. The
type of each vector is specified by the corresponding T field (see
the long vector word above). The high order bits of the dX and dY
fields are extended left to give 11-bit quantities.
CHR Instruction
Character word Opcode 1
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 6|7 13|14 20|21 27|28 34| 35 |
| character | character | character | character | character | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|_______|
The character word displays the five characters in order from left to
right with automatic spacing. All characters are displayed as
printed on the line printer with the following exceptions:
CODE III CHARACTER
011 None.
013 Integral sign.
014 Plus-or-minus sign.
177 Circumflex.
JMP Instruction
Jump Opcode 20
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 30|31 35|
| A | unused | 10000 |
|_________________________________|_____________________|___________|
The processor jumps to location A and continues executing.
HLT Instruction
Halt Opcode 00
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 30|31 35|
| unused | unused | 00000 |
|_________________________________|_____________________|___________|
The processor stops with its MA pointing to the location following
the HALT. The not running flag is turned on.
JMS Instruction
Jump to subroutine and save Opcode 04
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 31|32 35|
| A | unused | 0100 |
|_________________________________|______________________|__________|
The JMS instruction is not allowed in user III programs, but its
description is included here for completeness.
The following word of information is written into location A:
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 22|23 30|31 35|
| MA | CPC | unused | 10000 |
|_________________________________|____________|__________|_________|
where CPC is the contents of the CPC buffer register. This register
is loaded whenever the processor discovers an interrupt condition
while processing a character word or short vector word. It is set to
the number of the character being displayed (0-4) or the number of
the vector of the short vector word (0-1). It is reset by a CONO
430, with the clear flags bit on.
The following information is written in location A+1:
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 10|11 21|22 24|25 27|28 35|
| X | Y | BRT | SIZE | FLAGS |
|_____________|_____________|___________|___________|_______________|
Here are the meanings of the flag bits (see also the TSS instruction
above).
BITS OCTAL MEANING
28 0,,200 Control bit.
29 0,,100 Light pen flag.
30 0,,40 Edge overflow flag.
31 0,,20 Wrap around flag.
32 0,,10 Wrap around mask.
33 0,,4 Light pen mask.
34 0,,2 Edge overflow mask.
35 0,,1 This bit is always 1.
After storing the above words at A and A+1, the program continues
executing at A+2.
Note that the word stored in A is in the form of a jump instruction.
This permits the subroutine to return by jumping to A.
JSR Instruction
Jump to subroutine Opcode 24
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 30|31 35|
| A | unused | 10100 |
|_________________________________|_____________________|___________|
The JSR instruction saves a PC word into location A and then executes
code from location A+1. The PC word is in the same format as the
word stored in location A by the JMS instruction. The word is a jump
instruction so that the subroutine return can be simply a jump to A.
SAVE Instruction
Save Opcode 64
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 29|30 35|
| A | unused | 110100 |
|_________________________________|_____________________|___________|
The save instruction saves a position word in location A. This word
is in the same format as the word put into A+1 by the JMS instruction
and is in the correct format to be used by the REST instruction
below.
REST Instruction
Restore Opcode 14
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 29| 30 | 31 |32 35|
| B | unused | P | F | 1100 |
|_________________________________|____________|_____|_____|________|
The contents of location B are assumed to be in the format of the
word stored in location A+1 by a JMS or the word stored in location A
by a SAVE. If bit 30 is a 1, the X and Y position registers and the
size and brightness registers are reloaded from the corresponding
fields of this word. If bit 31 is a 1, the flags are restored.
SEL Instruction
Select (displays) Opcode 10
_____________________________________________________________________
|0 11|12 23|24 31|32 35|
| SET | RESET | unused | 1000 |
|____________________|_____________________|_______________|________|
If any of bits 0:11 (777700,,0 bits) are on, the corresponding
displays are selected. If any of bits 12:23 (77,,770000 bits) are
on, the corresponding displays are deselected. If both the select
and deselect bits are on for a given display, the state of selection
of that display will be complemented. Note that we have only 6 III
displays at Stanford; only bits 0:5 (770000,,0 bits) and 12:17 (77,,0
bits) are relevant in the SET and RESET fields.
14.3 Data Disc Display System
The Data Disc display system uses a =64-track disc rotating at =60
r.p.s. to store TV images. The terminals used with this system are
standard television monitors. Each picture on the disc uses one
CHANNEL, which is two disc tracks. The tracks are switched
alternately every 60th of a second--one track for each field of the
standard television raster. Characters and graphics are sent to a
one-line buffer and then commanded to be written. Characters must be
written twice; once for each field.
There is an interface that takes display instructions from main
memory and sends data to the Data Disc. The display instructions are
used to change the pictures stored on the disc. A user can have his
own display programs executed by the Data Disc interface by using the
UUOs explained in Section 4.4; see also Section 4.2. This section
describes the display instructions, how they are handled by the
interface and their effects on Data Disc pictures.
The Data Disc system itself operates in two modes: text and graphics.
In text mode, each byte sent to the Data Disc is interpreted as a
character and will be displayed in the current column on the current
line; each column position is one character wide (6 bits wide in
single width character mode, =12 bits wide in double width character
mode). Characters must be written on the disk twice, once for each
track of the given channel. In graphics mode, each byte is
interpreted as eight bits to be written on the disk exactly as sent.
The bits are written on the current line at the current column
position. Each column position in graphics mode is 8 bits wide.
Normally, in both graphics and text modes data is sent to the Data
Disc line buffer and is not written onto the disc until an execute is
received by the Data Disc system. It is possible, however, to write
directly onto the disc without use of the line buffer. See the Write
Directly command in the command word description below.
Now here are the display instructions which the interface will
accept.
Text Word
Text word Opcode 1
___________________________________________________________
|0 6|7 13|14 20|21 27|28 34| 35|
| chr1 | chr2 | chr3 | chr4 | chr5 | 1 |
|__________|____________|__________|__________|_________|___|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
A text word causes the interface to send five bytes to the disc's
line buffer. Tabs (011) and backspaces (177) are ignored unless
preceded by a backspace, in which case a special character is sent to
the line buffer (e.g., a small "tb" will be printed for 177&011).
Nulls are always ignored. Carriage return and linefeed are specially
processed to do the right thing: If any characters have been
transmitted to the line buffer since the last execute command (see
command word below), an execute is generated. (Execute causes the
line buffer to be written onto the disc.) Carriage return then
causes a select to column 2, and linefeed increments the line address
by =12. (If you are displaying double-height text, then each line
should be ended with a carriage return and TWO linefeeds in order for
subsequent lines to be positioned properly.) Both carriage return
and linefeed print special characters instead of the above functions
when preceded by a 177. Note: The Data Disc must be in text mode for
the bytes sent to it to be written onto the disc as text. In
graphics mode, these same bytes will be written as graphic bits.
Graphics Word
Graphics word Opcode 02
___________________________________________________________
|0 7|8 15|16 23|24 31|32 35|
| byte 1 | byte 2 | byte 3 | byte 4 | 02 |
|____________|_____________|____________|____________|______|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
A graphics word causes the interface to send 4 8-bit bytes directly
to the disc's line buffer with no modification. Note: The Data Disc
must be in graphics mode for the bytes sent to it to be written onto
the disc as graphics bits. In text mode, these same bytes will be
written as characters.
Halt Instruction
Halt Opcodes 0, 40, 60
___________________________________________________________
|0 29|30 35|
| unused | X0 |
|_________________________________________________|_________|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
A halt stops the interface, terminating the display program.
Jump Instruction
Jump Opcode 20
___________________________________________________________
|0 17|18 29|30 35|
| jump address | unused | 20 |
|_____________________________|___________________|_________|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
A jump word causes the interface to take subsequent display
instructions starting at the address contained in the left half of
the jump word.
No Operation
No-op Opcodes 06,16,26,36,46,56,66,76, 12,32,52,72
___________________________________________________________
|0 29|30 35|
| unused | XX |
|_________________________________________________|_________|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opcodes ending in 6 or 12 have no function. The interface ignores
them and proceeds.
WARNING: Opcodes ending in 10 (10, 30, 50, 70), previously advertised
as no-ops, are not no-ops at all; they are actually command words,
although their use as such is not recommended because the 10 bit is
part of the third command code (OP 3 in the command word below).
Command Word
Command word Opcode 4
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QC]]∃XA∪ε4∀@@@@@@AM∪1¬∪P@@← M⊗↑@@@@@@lAS\A5←IJ@@AoSi AS]aUhAEk→MKd~(@@@@@@A∪ + @@@@@@@@@@@@@v↓QKCI∃dACh↓∪¬+ 8~∀@@@@@@↓⊃β→(@@@\@@@@@@@@w∪[a=ggSE1JAKeI←dtA
C\Oh↓∪≥∪(↓iQJA⊃'⊗\~(~∀@@@@@@↓' )54@@A∪9β≠
VL@@@@wπYK¬dAiQ∀A!!≤↓o←eH↓←LA→=∨↔+ ↓EY←G,Z[kg∀~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@vAGkIeK]h↓ ∪'⊗↓!!≤@!β→∪βLRAM←HA←YH↓MSYJ8~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@vA)Q%fAo←IHASf↓GY←E KeKH↓ErA→=∨↔+!L\~∀@@@@@A→∨∨-+ @A%εY∪≥¬≠
@@@w∨a∃\AMS1JA
∨<AM←d↓eKCI%]N\~(@@@@@@A∃I'(@@A≥∨→=∨⊗@@@@@w1∨∨↔+@AMCS1KHZ[→S]HA=khAo!r\~∀4∀@@@@@@A%≥∪(@@A∨ε0`@@@@@@@m∪]Si%CYSu∀AIKm%GJA M⊗A←\↓GQC]9KXA∨ ~∀@@@@@@↓'∪1¬%(@@←⊃'⊗↑@@@@@vAS\↓[←IJ`AoSQPA←kQakhA kMMKH~∀@@@@@@↓∨¬+ 0X`@@@@@@@@@@vAQK¬IKdA¬hA∨¬U \~∀@@@@@A⊃βT . ;HALT on failure.
SETZM ONAME+3 ;Clear the PPN word of ENTER block--use
; current DISK PPN (ALIAS) for new file.
SETZM ONAME+2 ;Set protection to 000, use current
; date/time for date/time file written.
ENTER OC,ONAME ;Open file GARPLY.TMP for output.
JRST NOENTR ;ENTER failed--find out why.
LOOP: PUSHJ P,GETCH ;Get a character from input file.
JRST DONE ;End-of-file return from GETCH.
PUSHJ P,PUTCH ;Put character into output file.
JRST LOOP ;Loop until EOF.
DONE: RELEAS OC, ;Close output file and release DSK.
RELEAS IC, ;Close input file and release DSK.
EXIT ;Return to monitor level.
NOLOOK: OUTSTR [ASCIZ /
LOOKUP FAILED -- /]
HRRZ CHR,INAME+1 ;Get LOOKUP error code.
CAILE CHR,ERRMAX ;Make sure error code is reasonable.
MOVEI CHR,ERRMAX ;Unreasonable code.
OUTSTR @ERROR(CHR) ;Type appropriate error message.
HALT .
NOENTR: OUTSTR [ASCIZ /
ENTER FAILED -- /]
HRRZ CHR,ONAME+1 ;Get ENTER error code.
CAILE CHR,ERRMAX ;Make sure error code is reasonable.
MOVEI CHR,ERRMAX ;Unreasonable code.
OUTSTR @ERROR(CHR) ;Type appropriate error message.
HALT .
GETCH: SOSG IBUF+2 ;Decrement character count for input buffer.
IN IC, ;No more in current buffer. Read some more.
JRST GETCH1 ;Go get a character out of input buffer.
STATZ IC,20000 ;IN failed. Have we hit end of file?
POPJ P, ;Yes. Take direct return.
OUTSTR [ASCIZ /
INPUT FILE ERROR.
/] ;No. Type error message.
HALT . ;HALT on some input error.
GETCH1: ILDB CHR,IBUF+1 ;Get a character out of input buffer.
AOS (P) ;Take skip return from GETCH with
POPJ P, ; new character.
PUTCH: SOSG OBUF+2 ;Decrement character count for output buffer.
OUT OC, ;No room. Do output and get fresh buffer.
JRST PUTCH1 ;Go put character into output buffer.
OUTSTR [ASCIZ /
OUTPUT FILE ERROR.
/] ;OUT UUO failed--type error message.
HALT . ;HALT on any output error.
PUTCH1: IDPB CHR,OBUF+1 ;Put character into output buffer.
POPJ P, ;Return from PUTCH.
OBUF: BLOCK 3 ;Output buffer header
IBUF: BLOCK 3 ;Input buffer header
INAME: SIXBIT /FOO/ ;Block used for LOOKUP: file name of FOO.
BLOCK 3 ; No extension, space for date and PPN words.
ONAME: SIXBIT /GARPLY/;Block used for ENTER: file name of GARPLY,
SIXBIT /TMP/ ; extension of TMP.
BLOCK 2 ; Space for date word and PPN word.
LPDL←←10 ;Length of pushdown list
PDL: BLOCK LPDL ;Block for pushdown list
ERROR: [ASCIZ /NO SUCH FILE.
/]
[ASCIZ /ILLEGAL PPN.
/]
[ASCIZ /PROTECTION FAILURE.
/]
[ASCIZ /FILE BUSY.
/]
ERRMAX←←.-ERROR
[ASCIZ /HOORRIIBBLEL ERRO RNBR 87.
/] ;impossible error
END IOTEST ;End of program, starting address.
15.2 Example of Display Programming
Here is a simple program to display some (fixed) text on either a III
or a Data Disc. This program also positions the page printer at the
bottom of the screen and draws a vector across the screen just above
the page printer.
TITLE DISPLAY PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
A←1
L←2 ;AC used to hold TTY line characteristics
DDDLIN←←20000 ;Data Disc bit in line characteristics.
IIILIN←←400000 ;III bit in line characteristics.
; Data-Disc macros and definitions
; Command word -- alternating commands and parameters:
DEFINE CW(C1,B1,C2,B2,C3,B3) <
<BYTE (8)<B1>,<B2>,<B3> (3)<C1>,<C2>,<C3>>!4
>
; Command names for DD command bytes
EXCT←←0 ;Execute
FNCN←←1 ALPHBG←←6 ALPHA←←46 ;Function, usual value bytes
CHNL←←2 ;Channel select
COLM←←3 ;Column select
HILIN←←4 ;Set high 5 bits of line address
LOLIN←←5 ;Set low 4 bits of line address
DISPLA: RESET ;A good practice is to start with a RESET.
SETO L, ;Get TTY's line characteristics to find out
GETLIN L ; if TTY is a III or a Data Disc.
AOJE L,FINISH ;Jump if job is detached (no TTY).
TLNN L,DDDLIN!IIILIN
JRST NOTDPY ;Jump if TTY is not a display.
PPSEL 1 ;Select new piece of paper, and
DPYPOS -500 ; position near bottom of screen with
DPYSIZ 3002 ; 3 glitches and 2 lines per glitch.
JUMPL L,DOIII ;Jump if III (sign bit is IIILIN)
DDUPG [[CW FNCN,17,CHNL,0,FNCN,ALPHA↔0]↔2]
;Erase DD screen first.
MOVE A,[CW FNCN,ALPHA,CHNL,0,FNCN,ALPHA]
;DD command word to do channel select
; and set up function register for text.
MOVEM A,DPPROG ;Put into display program.
SKIPA A,[CW COLM,2,HILIN,2,LOLIN,4]
;DD command word to do column/line selects.
DOIII: MOVE A,[BYTE (11)<-777>,640 (3)2,3 (2)1,2 (4)6]
;III long vector word to draw an invisible
; absolute vector to the upper left corner
; of the screen, and select brightness
; of 2, size of 3.
MOVEM A,DPPROG+1 ;Store in display program.
UPGIOT 1,DPHEAD ;Run display program (on piece of
; glass number 1 if III).
JUMPL L,DOIII2 ;Jump if III.
UPGIOT DDDHDR ;Draw line across DD screen.
JRST FINISH
DOIII2: UPGIOT 2,IIIHDR ;Draw vector on III, using POG # 2.
FINISH: EXIT 1, ;Done. Don't do normal EXIT which
; would RESET the display.
EXIT ;In case user types CONTINUE.
NOTDPY: OUTSTR [ASCIZ /
This program only works on displays./]
EXIT
DPHEAD: 200000,,DPPROG ;Double-field mode bit,,address of disp prog
DPLEN ;Length of display program
0
DPPROG+1 ;Address of low order line select in DD prog
DPPROG: BLOCK 2 ;Space for command and position words.
ASCID /This is the text to be displayed on the first line.
And this is the text for the second line.
Note: The ASCID statement turns on the low order bit in each word
generated, thus causing such words to be taken as text words when
they appear in a display program for either III or DD.
Note: For DD, the last line of text must have a CRLF at its end, or
the display program must end with an execute; otherwise the last line
of text will not be displayed.
This is the last text line that will be displayed.
/
0 ;For DD, a HALT (zero) must end the program, or the
; system will zero the last word of the program.
; Zero also stops (but is unnecessary in) a III prog.
DPLEN←←.-DPPROG ;Length of display program.
DDDHDR: DDDVEC ;Address of DD display program to draw line.
LDDVEC ;Length of display program.
DDDVEC: CW FNCN,27,CHNL,0,FNCN,27 ;Graphics mode, own channel.
CW COLM,1,HILIN,27,LOLIN,0 ;Column 1, Line 560 (2*270).
REPEAT =13,<
BYTE (8)377,377,377,377 (4)2 ;Graphics word, all bits on.
> ;Draw a horizontal line =52 graphics bytes long.
CW EXCT,0,FNCN,27,FNCN,27 ;Execute to write out line.
0 ;End of DD program to draw a line.
LDDVEC←←.-DDDVEC
IIIHDR: IIIVEC ;Address of III display program to draw vector.
LIIVEC ;Length of display program.
IIIVEC: 0 ;All III programs must start with unused word.
BYTE (11)<-777>,<-400> (3)2,3 (2)1,2 (4)6
;Draw invisible absolute vector to left margin near bottom.
BYTE (11) 1777,0 (3)2,3 (2)0,0 (4)6
;Draw visible relative vector to right margin.
LIIVEC←←.-IIIVEC ;Length of program to draw III vector.
END DISPLA
15.3 Example of Using Interrupts
Here is a sample program that enables interrupts on the typing of ESC
I and on the receiving of a letter through the inter-job mail system
(see Section 7).
TITLE INTERRUPT EXAMPLE
A←1
INTMAIL←←4000 ;Interrupt bit for letter received.
INTTTI←←4 ;Interrupt bit for ESC I typed
INTSAM: RESET ;A good beginning.
;Note that RESET clears all interrupt enablings.
MOVEI A,INTRPT ;Set up address of routine to
MOVEM A,JOBAPR↑ ; handle interrupts.
;The symbol JOBAPR is EXTERNed by the ↑.
SETZM ESCIFG ;Initialize ESC I flag.
MOVSI A,INTMAIL!INTTTI;Interrupt bits we want to enable.
INTENB A, ;Enable interrupts for these bits.
<here is main program> ;Occasionally the main program will
... ; test ESCIFG and clear it and take
; appropriate action if it is set.
EXIT ;End of main program.
INTRPT: MOVS A,JOBCNI↑ ;Get bit which is cause of interrupt.
CAIN A,INTMAIL ;Did we get a letter?
JRST DOMAIL ;Yes. Go process it.
CAIN A,INTTTI ;Did user type ESC I? (He must have.)
SETOM ESCIFG ;Set flag to tell user-level process
; that ESC I has been typed.
DISMIS ;Dismiss the interrupt.
DOMAIL: SRCV LETTER ;Skip and read letter if one there.
DISMIS ;No letter (can't happen). Go home.
MOVE A,LETTER ;Get first word of letter.
CAME A,CODE ;See if letter has right format.
DISMIS ;Wrong format. Someone unknown
; has sent us a letter--ignore it.
<process letter here> ;Interrupt-level process must not
... ; go into wait state or take more
; than 8 ticks (8/60s sec) to finish.
DISMIS ;Dismiss the interrupt.
LETTER: BLOCK =32 ;Block for holding received letter.
CODE: SIXBIT /INTSAM/ ;Some special code to ensure we
; process only reasonable letters.
ESCIFG: 0 ;Flag indicating if ESC I was typed.
END INTSAM
APPENDIX 1--GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PDP-10
The PDP-10 is a 36-bit word, single address machine. Normal
instructions (excluding I/O instructions) take the following form.
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF FIELDS IN AN INSTRUCTION
WORD
0:8 777000,,0 Instruction code.
9:12 740,,0 Accumulator.
13 20,,0 Indirect bit.
14:17 17,,0 Index register if non-zero.
18:35 0,,777777 Memory address.
For I/O instructions, the following format is used:
BITS OCTAL MEANINGS OF FIELDS IN I/O INSTRUCTIONS
0:2 700000,,0 This field is a 7 in all I/O instructions.
3:9 77400,,0 Code of I/O device.
10:12 340,,0 I/O instruction code.
13:35 37,,777777 Same as in normal instructions.
Machine I/O instructions are generally privileged in that opcodes
corresponding to these instructions trap to the monitor when given by
a user-mode program unless the program is in IOT-USER mode. User
programs are not usually run in IOT-USER mode and must do something
special to get into this mode. See the description of IOT-USER mode
below on page 361.
For every instruction, an effective address calculation is carried
out in the following manner using bits 13:35 of the instruction. If
the index register field (bits 14:17) is non-zero, the contents of
the specified index register are added to the memory address found in
bits 18:35 of the instruction. Then if the indirect bit (bit 13) is
0, this result is the effective address for the instruction. If the
indirect bit is 1, then another word is picked up from the location
specified by the result so far. Then the effective address
calculation starts over using bits 13:35 of this new word. This
process continues until the indirect bit in some word used in this
calculation is 0; the address (including any indexing) specified by
that word is then the effective address of the instruction.
PC Flags
The PDP-10 has several flags that indicate the state of the program
running. These flags are commonly called the PC flags because their
values are stored in the left half of the PC word stor↓KH@↓ErAi!J~∃!U'⊃∀X↓∃'$@↓C]HA)' @A%]gieUGiS←9f\@AQQJ@AAεASiMKYL@↓SfAgQ←eKHAS\AQQJ~∃ISOQh↓QCYL↓←L@AQQSfAAεAo←IH\@AQQJ@A ShAa=gSiS=]fAC9HA[K¬]S]OL@A←L↓iQJ~)MYCOL@ACe∀@AKqAYCS]∃H@AE∃Y←n\A
←dAMkeQQKd@↓IKiC%XX@AMKJ@AQQJA!⊃ Zb`4∃S]gQekGi%←\A[¬]kCYL\~∀~)≥←iJ↓iQChAiQKIJACe∀A]↑@↓MYCOLAS\A Sif@bftb\vAiQ∃gJAE%if@A¬eJAC1oCsf4∃gi←IKHACLAuKe<AS\AQQJA! @Ao←IHAg↑↓iQCh↓oQK\↓iQJAAεAo←IH@ASLACIIIKggK⊂~∃S]⊃SeKGQYrA]∃SiQKHAS]I∃qS]N↓]←dA→keiQ∃dAS]⊃SeKGQS]NA]SYXAQCWJAAYCGJ8~∀~∀@@A¬%)&@@↓∨π)β0@@@@@@@A5 β≥∪9∂&A∨_A
→β≥&A∪≤↓)⊃
AAεA/∨Iλ~∀~(@@@@@@@@@@h``@``XX@@@@@↓∨mKe→Y←n\@Aβ\↓CeSi![KiS @A←a∃eCiS=\AQCL~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AeKMkYiK⊂AS\A¬\AS]
←eeK
h@Ae∃gkYh↓EKGCUgJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A=LAg←5JAWS9HA←L↓←mKe→Y←n\4∀~∀@@@b@@@@@H````@XX`@@@Aπ¬eer@`\@A¬\@ACISiQ[∃iSF@↓←aKe¬iS←\↓QCf~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓GCkg∃HABA
Ceer↓←khA=LAESP@`\@A)QSLAI←KL~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A]←P@A]K
KggCISYr@↓S]IS
CiJ@↓C\@A=mKeM1←n~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A
←]ISQS←\\4∀~∀@@@d@@@@@D````@XX`@@@Aπ¬eer@b\@A¬\@ACISiQ[∃iSF@↓←aKe¬iS←\↓QCf~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓GCkg∃HABA
Ceer↓←khA=LAESP@b\@A)QSLACYg<~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AI←∃f@@A9←h@@↓]KGKMgCeS1r@@A%]ISG¬iJ@@↓C\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A=mKeM1←nAG=]ISi%←\\~(~∀@@@f@@@@@h@```X0`@@@@A
Y=CiS]≤@A←m∃eMY←\\@@A∧@AMY=CiS]≤@Aa←%]h~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A%]gieUGiS←8AQCf↓eKgk1iKHA%\AC\↓S]G←IeKGh4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AeKgUYhAE∃GCkg∀A←LAM←[JA-S]H@↓←LA←YKeMY=n~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A←HAk]I∃eMY←\\~∀~(@@@@P@@@@@d``@`XX`@@@@↓¬siJ5S]Ge∃[K]hAgkaAeKgg%←\\@A)QJA]KqP~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A∪→⊃∧@@A=d@A∪⊃!∧@@↓S]giIkGiS=\@@A]SYX@↓EJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A∃qKGkQKH@A]SiQ←UhAS]
eK[K9iS]NAiQJ↓EsiJ4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Aa←S9iKd\A)QSLAMYC≤ASfAMKhAo!K\@A¬\A∪→⊃∧~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A←HA∪ !λAS]gQekGi%←\ASLAS]i∃eekaQKHAC→iKd~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓iQJ@↓EsiJ↓a←S]QKd@A!Cf@A KK\A%]GeK5K]iK⊂~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AEkP@AEK→←eJ@↓iQJ@↓EsiJAQCfAEKK8A[←m∃H\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AQQSf@↓MYCN↓GC\@↓CYg↑AEJAMKh@A r@AB↓kgKd4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Aae←≥eCZA]SiPAQQJ@E)%'(@HXDAS9giek
iS←\8~∀~∀@@@j@@@@b```@XX`@@@@AUgKd@↓[←IJ8@@A)!JAae=GKgg=d@ASL@AS\↓kgKd4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A[←I∀\~∀~(@@@@X@@@@@h``@XX`@@@@@↓+gKdAS\[=kh\@@A)Q∀@Aae=GKgg=d@@A%f@AS8~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A∪∨P[+' HA[←I∀\@@AQQSfA5←IJ@↓SfAKaaYCS9KH~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A KY←n8~∀~∀@@@bD@@@@b``X0`@@@@@@A→Y←Ci%]NAk9IKeM1←n\@↓)QJA∃qa←]∃]hA←_AiQJ4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AeKgUYhA←_ABAM1←CiS9NAa←%]hA←AKeCi%←\Ao¬f~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AY∃gfAi!C\@ZDdp@Q⊃KGS[¬XR\~(~∀@@@bd@@@@h@XX`@@@@@@A≥↑↓ISmS⊃J\@A∧AISm%gS←\↓←aKe¬iS←\↓oCfA9←h~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A
CeeS∃HA←kP@AEK
CkgJ↓KSiQ∃d@Ai!JAISYSg←d4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AoCfAuKe<@A←dAC\@↓←mKe→Y←n@↓o←kY⊂@AQCYJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ae∃gkYi∃H\~∀_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A%∨([+M $A≠=IJ~∀4∀~∃∨8@AiQ∀@A! @Zb`X↓kgkC1Yr@A=]Yr@↓iQJ@↓[←]SQ←dASL@ACY1←oKHAi↑@↓kgJAQQJ~∃5CGQS9JOfA$←≡AS9giek
iS←]L\@A∪8AkgKHAae←≥eC[f0AiQJA←aG=IKf@ n``t\nnR~)←L@AQQKgJ↓S]giIkGiS=]f@A¬eJ@AUgkCY1rAS]QKeae∃iKH@↓Cf@AU+∨f\A⊃←o∃mKdX4∃iQKIJAKq%gifA∧AgaK
SCXAUgKdA5←IJX↓GCYY∃HA∪∨P[+' HA[←I∀XAS\AoQS
PAiQ∀~∃←a
←IKf@n``hnnn@↓CeJ@↓KqKGUiKH@↓]←h@↓Cf@AU+∨f@↓Ekh@↓Cf@A5CGQS9J@A∩=≡~∃S9giek
iS←]L\~∀~)αAkg∃d@AaI←OeC4AGC\↓OKh@↓S]i↑↓∪∨([U' $A5←IJ@↓ErAO%mS]N↓iQJ@↓ ∪∨)4A++≡4∀QgK∀AaCO∀@dld$XAoQ%GPAI=KfA]=iQS]≤AEkh↓akhAe←jAS9i↑Ai!SfA[=IJ\@↓βYg↑0~∃C\↓S]iKIekah5YKmK0Aae←
KgfA]SYXA JAgi¬eiKH↓k`AS8A∪∨(5+' $A[←I after
a new-style interrupt if bit 6 (the 4000,,0 bit) is on in JOBAPR; see
Section 9. Finally, spacewar processes are always started up in
IOT-USER mode; see Section 8.
The simplest method for getting out of IOT-USER mode, whether at
user, spacewar or interrupt level, is to execute a
JRST 2,@[.+1]
This turns off all of the PC flags, except the user-mode flag. See
the JRST instruction in the PDP-10 manuals and note that DEC calls
IOT-USER mode "user in-out".
In summary, opcodes 700:777 are treated as UUOs unless the program
executing such instructions is in IOT-USER mode, in which case these
opcodes are machine I/O instructions.
Text Representations
There are several common representations used for storing text on the
PDP-10. These include ASCII, ASCIZ, ASCID and SIXBIT. In each of
these four representations, characters are stored left-justified in a
block of one or more words. The octal codes for ascii and sixbit
characters are given in Appendix 6.
ASCII In this representation 7-bit characters are packed
5 to a word with the low order bit (bit 35--the
0,,1 bit) always being zero. A word count or
character count is needed to determine the length
of an ASCII string.
ASCIZ This is the same as ASCII except that a null (zero)
byte follows the last character in the string to
mark its end.
ASCID This is the same as ASCII except that the low order
bit of each word is always a one.
SIXBIT This representation packs 6-bit characters 6 to a
word. The characters representable in SIXBIT are
those with ascii representations from 40 to 137.
Assembler Features Relevant to this Manual
Here is an abbreviated list of PDP-10 assembler features, including
those used in the UUO writeups in this manual.
1. The form "[...]" is a literal whose value is the address at which
the code and/or data specified by "..." is placed in the program.
The code/data can consist of any number of words and can include
other literals.
2. The form "A,,B" represents a word whose left half contains the
value A and whose right half contains the value B. This is
equivalent to the form "XWD A,B".
3. The form "IOWD A,B" is exactly equivalent to the form "-A,,B-1".
4. The forms "ASCII /.../", "ASCIZ /.../", "ASCID /.../" and
"SIXBIT /.../" represent blocks of words containing the string "..."
in the ASCII, ASCIZ, ASCID and SIXBIT representations respectively.
See these representations above.
APPENDIX 2--JOB DATA AREA
The first 140 words of each core image are reserved for storage of
various parameters for that job. This block is called the user's Job
Data Area. The data here can be examined by the user, and he can
change some of it directly simply by storing new values in the
appropriate words.
Part of this data, however, is important to the system and is
protected from any attempt by the user to change it. In particular,
the block from JOBHCU to JOBPFI (see table below) is copied into the
monitor when the job is run so that the user cannot change it. When
the job is not running, this block is stored back in the user's job
data area to conserve space in the system.
References to locations in the job data area should be by their
symbolic names rather than by their absolute addresses. It is
possible that some of these locations might be moved around, and if
that happens, programs that refer to these locations symbolically
will need only to be reloaded. All of the symbols for these words
are defined in a system library file; their definitions will
automatically be retrieved from there by the LOADER if the symbols
are declared EXTERNAL.
The table below explains the names and uses of the locations in the
job data area.
WORD SYMBOL EXPLANATION
0 JOBAC The user's accumulators are stored in the 20
words beginning here during UUO execution.
20 JOBDAC The user's accumulators (whether Exec mode or
user mode) are stored in the 20 words beginning
here when a clock interrupt occurs while this
user is running.
40 JOBUUO User UUOs (opcodes 001:037) encountered are
stored here after the effective address
calculation has been done. See Section 1.4.
41 JOB41 The instruction in this location is executed
whenever a user UUO (opcodes 001:037) is
encountered. This instruction is often a JSR to
the user's UUO-handling routine. See Section
1.4.
42 This word is currently unused.
43 JOBENB The user's APR trap enablings (old-style
interrupt enablings) are stored here. See
Section 9.
44 JOBREL The job's protection constant is stored here.
This is the highest address in the user's core
image (excluding any upper segment).
45 JOBNM1 This is the first of several words used for
temporary storage by the system.
46 JOBTM2 This is the second word of temporary storage.
47 JOBTM3 This is the third word of temporary storage.
50 JOBTM4 This is the fourth word of temporary storage.
51 JOBTM5 This is the fifth word of temporary storage.
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~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓[←]SQ←dAG=[[C]⊂\~∀~(@@@@nj@@↓∃∨¬∃⊃α@@@↓)QSfASf@↓iQJ@↓MSegP@Ao←IH@A←_@AB@d`[o=eH@A Y←GV4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AG←]QCS]S9NAiQ∀@Agi¬ikfA SifA¬]H@AMsgiK4ACIIIKggKL~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A←L↓iQJA⊃KmSG∀AICi∧AEY←
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CX@A$←≡AG!C]]K1f\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AQQJAS9M←e[¬iS←\↓M←dA
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←]iC%\AOCIECOJ8~∀~∀@@@@Dbh@A)∨¬!
$@@@AQQSf@↓Sf@AQQJ@A1Cgh@↓o←eHA←L@↓iQJ@d`[o=eHAE1←GV~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓giCeQS]NA¬hA∃∨ ∃ αA¬]H@A%fACYM↑AiQ∀AYCgP@Ao←IHA←L4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AiQJAEY←
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←aSK⊂~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AS]Q↑AiQ∀AgsgQKZAo!K\As=jAek8\~∀~(@@@@bbj@↓∃∨¬⊃I_@@@↓)QJAISOQh↓QCYL↓←LAi!SfAo=eHAG=]iCS9f@Ai!JAQS≥QKgh4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ACIIIKgfA%\As←UdAkaAKdAg∃O[K]P@QJ]≤\X@h@bnnn↓M←dA∧~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@c⊗↓kaaKHRXAC9HAiQ∀AgSO8AEShPh``@``XX@AESh$ASfA=\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AS_As←kHAkaa∃dASf↓oeSi∀Aae←QKGiK⊂\@A∪_As←j↓QCmJ↓]↑~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AUaaKd0AiQSLAo←e⊂ASfAiKe↑\4∀~∀@@@@bDl@A∃=¬'3~@@Aα↓a←S]QKd@AQ↑As←UdAgs5E←X@↓iCEY∀ASf@↓aYCG∃HAQKIJ\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A%LAs←TAQCm∀A]↑@↓gs[E=YfAS8As←kHAG←e∀@AS[¬OJXAQQSf~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓o←eH↓SfAu∃e↑\@A∨iQ∃eoSg∀XAiQ∀AYKMPAQCY_@A←L↓iQSf4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ao←e⊂AG←]QCS]f↓iQJ@↓]KOCQSmJA=LAiQ∀AYK]≥iP@A=LAiQ∀~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ags5E←X@↓iCEY∀XAC]⊂@AiQ∀AeSO!h@AQ¬YL@A
←]iC%]fAi!J~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AC⊃IeKgLA←LAQQJAM%eghA]←eHA=LAiQ∀AiCE1J\~∀4∀@@@@bbnA∃∨¬U'2@@Aα@AA←S]i∃d@Ai<@AiQ∀@AiC YJ@A=L@Ak9IKMS9KHAO1←ECYL~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AK]
←k]i∃eKHA%fAaY¬GKH@↓QKeJ↓ErAi!J@A→=β $8@A)Q%f~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ao=eHAQ¬fAiQ∀@AgC5JAM←I[ChA¬fA∃∨ '3~@↓CE←m∀@QR]∀\X~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@4yo←e⊂AG←k9h|XXqiCEY∀|R\@@A∪L@AiQ∃eJ@@↓oKeJA]↑~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓k]IK→S]KHAOY← CYfX↓iQJ@↓YKMh↓QCYLA←L@↓iQSf↓o←eH4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AoSY0AG←]QCS\AiKe↑\4∀~∀@@@@bH`@A∃=¬'α@@@A)!JAeS≥QhAQ¬YLA←_AiQSLAo←e⊂AG←]QCS]f↓iQJAMiCei%]N~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A¬IIeKMfA←LAs←kHAae←≥eCZ\@A)Q∀A')βI(@AC9HAπ'Qβ%(~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓[←]SQ←dAG=[[C]⊃fAGCUgJAs=kdAaI←OeC4Ai↑A JAgi¬eiKH4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AChAQQCh@↓CIIe∃gf@QU]YKgLASh@↓SfAu∃e↑R\@A)Q∀AYKMP~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AQC1L@A←_AiQSL@Ao←IHAG←9iCS]L@AiQ∀ACIIIKgf@↓←LAi!J~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AM%egh@↓Y←GCQS←\@↓CE←m∀@As←Ud@Age[E←X@AiC YJ@@!←d~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AAe←Oe¬ZASL↓]↑Age[E←X↓iCEY∀R\@AQQJA%∃' (@↓++≡@!gKJ~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓aCOJ@dj`$AGCkMKf@AQQSf@↓]k[E∃dAi↑AEJ@↓gi←e∃HAS\4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A∃∨¬→ @Qg∃JAEK1←nR\4∀~∀@@@@bHb@A∃=¬
@@@A)!JACI⊃eKgf↓←L@AQQJAM%eghA→eKJ@Qk]kMKHRA1←GCi%←\~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A%\@As=kdAG=eJ@A%[COJ↓Sf@AMi←eK⊂AQKe∀\@@AQQJAo=eIf~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓Me←Z↓iQChACIIIKgfAU`Ai↑AiQCPAS\A)∨¬% 0@ACe∀A]←h4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AkgK⊂\@A/!K]Km∃dAiQ∀AgsgQKZAg∃ifAk@AC\@↓∩←≡A kMMKH~∀@@@@@@ for you, it is put at the address specified by
JOBFF and JOBFF is then increased to point to the
first word beyond the buffer. The RESET UUO
causes JOBFF to be reset to the value stored in
the left half of JOBSA (see above).
122 JOBS41 The contents of JOB41 (see above) are stored here
just before the core image is written into a dump
file by a SAVE or SSAVE monitor command or by the
SWAP UUO. JOB41 is restored from this word when
the file is read by a GET, RUN or R command or by
the SWAP UUO.
123 JOBEXM This is a temporary cell used by the EXAMINE and
DEPOSIT monitor commands.
124 JOBREN This word contains the address at which the
program should be started when the REENTER
monitor command is given. A zero in this word
means REENTER will not work.
125 JOBAPR This word should contain the address at which you
wish your interrupt routine started when an
interrupt occurs. See Section 9.
126 JOBCNI When an interrupt occurs, a bit indicating the
cause is stored here. See Section 9.
127 JOBTPC When an interrupt occurs, the program counter
word is stored here before control is given to
your interrupt routine. See Section 9.
130 JOBOPC When you start the program with a START, CSTART,
DDT or REENTER monitor command, the program
counter word (picked up from JOBPC) is stored
here.
131 JOBCHN This word is used for FORTRAN chaining.
132 JOBFDV This word is used for temporary storage by the
FINISH command.
133 JOBCOR This word is used for temporary storage by the
SAVE and GET commands.
134 HINAME The name of your upper segment, if any, is stored
here just before your core image is written onto
a dump file by a SAVE or SSAVE monitor command or
by the SWAP UUO.
135 HILOC The location within the dump file of your upper
segment is stored here prior to writing a dump
file with the SSAVE monitor command.
140 JOBDA This is the first word in your core image that is
not part of the job data area.
APPENDIX 3--LOW CORE ADDRESSES OF USEFUL POINTERS IN THE MONITOR
The table below lists the contents of some absolute locations in the
monitor. These locations contain pointers to various system tables
(such as the job table of login PPNs), pointers to special words
(monitor variables), and system parameters (such as the highest legal
job number). Any word in memory may be examined by use of either the
PEEK UUO (see page 190) or the SETPR2 UUO (see page 188).
To get the address of a particular job's entry in a job table, add
the job number to the base address of the table.
WORD CONTENTS EXPLANATION
210 JBTSTS This is the address of the job table of status
words. The bits in each entry are explained with
the JBTSTS UUO on page 185.
211 PRJPRG This is the address of the job table of
project-programmer names.
212 JBTSWP This is the address of the job table of swapper
data. The left half (bits 0:17--the 777777,,0
bits) of each entry contains the logical band
number used to swap this job. Bits 18:26
(0,,777000 bits) contain the size of the job (in
1K blocks) as stored on the disk. Bits 27:35
(0,,777 bits) contain the size of the job (in 1K
blocks) as it will appear when it is swapped in.
213 SPWGO This is the address of the job table of PDP-10
spacewar processes. The right half (bits
17:35--0,,777777 bits) of each entry contains the
user-specified starting address of the spacewar
process. Bits 14:17 (17,,0 bits) contain the
number of ticks between startups, and bits 10:13
(36,,0 bits) contain the number of ticks until
the next startup. This word is zero for jobs
that do not have PDP-10 spacewar processes
running. See Section 8.
214 TTIME This is the address of the job table of total run
times (in ticks). The time for job 0 is the null
time (idle time) since the last system reload or
restart.
215 UPTIME This is the address of a word that contains the
length of time in ticks since the last system
reload or restart.
216 CORMAX This is the address of a word that contains the
largest size (in 1K blocks) a user program can be
and still fit in core.
217 DEVLST This is the address of the header word for the
list of all device data blocks (DDBs). The left
half of the header word contains the address of
the first DDB. DDBs are described in Appendix
4.
220 TTYTAB This is the address of the table of pointers to
TTY DDBs. Index into this table with the TTY
line number. The entry for a TTY not in use is
zero. The entry for a TTY in use contains the
following information.
BITS OCTAL NAME CONTENTS OF FIELD IN
TTYTAB ENTRY
0 400000,,0 COMBIT This bit is on if the TTY
has a monitor command yet
to be processed.
1 200000,,0 DLYBIT This bit is on if the TTY
has a delayed command yet
to be processed.
2 100000,,0 PAUSEB This bit is on if the TTY
has a command waiting for
the output buffer to
empty.
11:17 177,,0 (talk) If the TTY is in a talk
ring, this field contains
the line number of the
next TTY in the ring.
Otherwise, this field
contains the TTY's own
line number.
18:35 0,,777777 (DDB) This is the address of the
TTY's DDB.
221 BYTE (9) SCNNUM,DPYNUM,DDNUM,PTYNUM These four quantities
are the numbers of 1) teletype lines, 2) III
display lines, 3) Data Disc display lines and
4) pseudo-teletype lines, respectively.
222 JOBN-1 This is the highest possible job number.
223 JBTADR This is the address of the job table of
protection-relocation constants. The left half
of each entry contains the job's protection,
which is the highest location addressable in the
job (not counting any upper segment). The right
half of each entry contains the job's relocation,
which is the physical memory address where the
job's core image is actually located. When a job
is swapped out, its entry in this table is zero.
224 JBTQ This is the address of the job table of entries
in the job queues. The queues are circular with
each entry containing a forward pointer in the
right half and a backward pointer in the left
half. The pointers are all relative to JBTQ: a
pointer that is positive points to another job's
entry in the table; a pointer that is negative
points to the queue's header word, which itself
is just another entry in the circular queue and
which contains both forward and backward
pointers. The magnitude of a negative pointer
indicates the number of the queue the entry is
in. See also the contents of absolute locations
231, 234, and 235 below and the queue names and
numbers in Appendix 5.
225 JOBNAM This is the address of the job table of sixbit
job names.
226 JOB This is the address of a word that contains the
number of the currently running job.
227 CONFIG This is the address of an ASCIZ string that gives
the title of the current system.
230 SP2GO This is the address of the job table of PDP-6
spacewar processes. The format of this table is
the same as that of the SPWGO table; see word 213
above.
231 JOBQUE This is the address of the job table of queue
numbers. Each entry in this table contains
either the queue number or the negative of the
queue number for the particular job. See the
queue names and numbers in Appendix 5.
232 JBTPRI This is the address of the job table of
calculated priorities.
233 JBTJL This is the address of the job table of pointers
to instantaneous job load tables.
234 NQUES This is the number of different queues. The
queues are numbered from 0 to this number. See
the queue names and numbers in Appendix 5.
235 QNAMS This is the address of a table of the ASCII names
of the various queues. Index into this table
with the queue's number. These names are also
listed in Appendix 5.
236 JBTLIN This is the address of the job table of attached
terminals. The entry in this table will be -1
for a detached job. For an ap QCGQK⊂@AU←λAiQJ4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AK]iIr@Ao%YXAG=]iCS8@AiQ∀A))2AYS]∀A]k[ Kd@A%\AiQ∀~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AeS≥Qh@@↓QCYL@AC]⊂@@Ai!J@@AAKe[C9K]h@A))2@AYS9J~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AG!CeCGQKeSgQSGfA%\AiQ∀@AYK→hAQC1L\@AQQKeJA[Cr↓EJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A Sif@↓←\AM=d@A]=\[aKI[C]K9h@AG!CeCGQKeSgQSGfX↓Ekh~(@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@↓iQKg∀AESiLACeJ↓]←hA-KahAU`Ai↑↓ICiJ↓S\@AQQSfA]←eH\4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A'KJ↓→∪≥)¬∧AS\↓o←eHf`dA KY←n↓M←dAQQJAGUeeK]PAYS]∀~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%GfvAMKJAC1g↑Ai!JA∂ Q→∪≤AU+≡@A=\AaC≥J~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@n\\~∀~(@@@@Hfn@@↓→ )βλ@@@@↓)QSf↓SfAi!JACI⊃eKgfA←LAQQJAi¬EYJA=L@Aa=S]iKIfAi↑4∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AiQJ↓ISga1CsfN↓YS]J↓KISi=dAQK¬IKef@Q !dAQKC⊃KefR8~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A)Q∀AeSO!hAQC1L@A←_AKCG AK]iIrAG←9iCS]L@ABAA←S]i∃d~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ai<AiQJ↓MeKJ↓gi←e¬OJAE1←GVA→←dAi!Ch@A⊃SgaY¬r\@AQQJ~∀@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A1KMhA!CYL@↓Q←YILAmCeous flags used by the line
editor. When a display is not in use, its entry
here is zero. Index into this table with the
number of the display line minus 20.
240 JBTJLH This is the address of the job table of oldest
job loading.
241 STATS This is the address of a table of system
statistics.
242 JBTGSL This is the address of the job table of
guaranteed service level.
243 STATLEN This is the length of the STATS table of system
statistics.
244 STATPTR This is the address of a byte pointer into the
STATS table of system statistics.
245 STATNUM This is the address of a word containing the
number of times the STATS table has been filled.
246 INTIME This is the address of a word containing the
number of ticks (one tick=1/60th of a second) the
system has spent at interrupt level since the
system has been up.
247 STBEG This is the address of another table of system
statistics.
250 JBTKCJ This is the address of the job table of
kilo-core-jiffies (KCJs) used by each job. A
jiffie is a tick, i.e., 1/60th of a second. One
KCJ represents a job running for one tick with 1K
of core.
251 JBTBTM This is the address of the job table of login
times. Each entry in this table contains the
date and time when the particular job logged in,
with the date (in system date format) in the left
half and the time (in seconds after midnight) in
the right half.
252 LASTRESTART This is the address of a word containing the
system uptime when the last 200 restart was done;
however, 200 restarts are not used any more,
so....
253 TTYLOK This is the address of a word used as a flag to
prevent users from typing anything on their
terminals.
254 MAINTMODE This is the address of a word used as a flag to
indicate that system maintenance is going on.
255 BIGHOL This is address of a word containing the size of
the biggest free hole in user core.
256 LASTDISASTERTIME This is the address of a word containing
the system uptime when the last disaster
occurred.
257 SHFWAT This is the address of a word that contains the
number of the next job to be shuffled in core.
260 STEND2 This is the address of the last word in the table
of system statistics beginning at STBEG (see
above).
261 FBBANDLIST This is the address of a table of information
about the Librascope fast bands.
262 EXPMOD This is the address of a word used as a flag to
LOGIN to type out the file X.TXT[2,2].
263 MEMSIZ This is the address of a word that contains the
address of the lowest free storage location.
264 FSRPQ This is the address of a table containing the
number of free storage requests by size.
265 SYSTOP This is the address of a word that contains the
physical address of the first word in memory that
can be allocated to user programs.
266 CORTAB This is the address of a table that indicates the
usage of each 1K block of core. The entries in
this table are 9-bit bytes packed 4 to a word.
The entry for a given block contains either
1) the number of the job occupying the block,
2) a 101 if the block is part of the system, 3) a
105 if the block is part of free storage or 4) a
0 if the block is unused.
267 NOLOGIN This is the address of a word used as a flag to
prevent anyone from logging in.
270 PTYJOB This is the address of the table of owners of
pseudo-teletypes (PTYs). Each entry contains the
number of the job that owns that PTY. Index into
this table with the PTY line number minus 121.
271 JBTPRV This is the address of the job table of
privileges.
272 UCLLEN*1000+UCLDLN,,UCLTAB The right half of this word
contains UCLTAB which is the address of the CALL
UUO name table. This table is made up of two
parts. The first UCLDLN words contain the names
of DEC CALLs, and the next UCLLEN-UCLDLN words
contain the names of the special Stanford CALLs
(numbers from 400000 up). Thus the total length
of the table is UCLLEN, which is in bits 0:8
(777000,,0 bits) of word 272; the length of the
first part of the table, UCLDLN, is in bits 9:17
(777,,0 bits) of word 272. The CALL names within
each part are in their expected order by CALLI
number.
273 DSKPPN This is the address of the job table of Disk PPNs
(ALIASes). If a job has no ALIAS, its entry in
this table is zero. Disk PPNs are explained on
page 20.
274 FTIME This is the address of the job table containing
each job's time last run. Each entry contains
the date and time when the particular job was
last run, with the date (in system date format)
in the left half and the time (in seconds after
midnight) in the right half.
275 NJOBS This is the address of the job table that gives
the number of users for each upper segment. Each
entry contains the number of jobs attached to the
given upper segment. Index into this table with
the upper segment's job number.
276 DSKOPS This is the address of the job table containing
the number of disk operations each job has done.
The entry for job 0 is the total number of disk
operations since the system was reloaded.
277 INITIM This is the address of a word that contains the
date and time of the last system reload or 203
restart. The date (in system date format) is in
the left half and the time (in seconds after
midnight) is in the right half.
300 -DISPL,,COMTAB COMTAB is the address of the table of
monitor commands names in sixbit, and DISPL is
the number of commands in that table.
301 FBACT This is the address of a word used as a flag to
indicate whether swapping is being done on
Librascope fast bands.
302 LINTAB This is the address of the table of TTY line
characteristics. Each entry in this table
corresponds to a particular TTY. The TTY's line
characteristics are in the left half (see the
GETLIN UUO on page 77 for the meanings of these
bits). The right half is used to store ESCAPE
arguments (for TTYs that are displays). Index
into this table with the TTY line number of
interest.
303 ASTAB This is the address of the audio switch
connection table. There is a word here for each
display; index into this table with the display's
line number minus 20. The data in each entry of
this table is as follows (for more details about
the audio switch, see Section 4.7):
BITS OCTAL VALUES OF FIELDS IN ASTAB ENTRY
0 400000,,0 One if a UUO is waiting for a
temporary connection to finish on
this display.
1 200000,,0 One if the current connection is a
temporary connection.
2 100000,,0 One if a page interruption is
happening at this display.
3 40000,,0 One if a delayed beep is pending.
4 20000,,0 One if the permanent audio channel
is not page interruptible.
5 10000,,0 One if the permanent channel is not
beep interruptible.
6:7 6000,,0 Beep disposition for temporary
channel.
8:9 1400,,0 Page disposition for temporary
channel.
10:13 360,,0 Temporary channel number.
14:17 17,,0 Permanent channel number.
18:35 0,,777777 Remaining duration of temporary
connection (0 for infinite).
304 JB2PRV This is the address of the job table of passive
privilege bits.
305 -LFTLEN,,LFTTAB This word contains the number (LFTLEN)
and address (LFTTAB) of the table of left-half
privilege bits and their names. Each entry in
this table is of the form <sixbit
name>,,<half-word bit value>.
306 -RHTLEN,,RHTTAB This word contains the number (RHTLEN)
and address (RHTTAB) of the table of right-half
privilege bits and their names. Each entry in
this table is of the form <sixbit
name>,,<half-word bit value>.
307 JBTSIN This is the address of the job table of entries
in the list of jobs to be swapped in.
310 JBTGLU This is the address of the job table of cells
used to mark jobs which must not be swapped out
or shuffled.
311 JOBNM1 This is the address of a word containing the
current maximum number of jobs the system can
support.
312 DDFCNT This is the address of a word containing the
number of Data Disc channels that are currently
available.
313 DSTBLN,,DSTBUF This word contains the length (DSTBLN) and
address (DSTBUF) of a table of statistics for the
disk.
314 COMWHO This is the address of the first of several words
used to hold the system wholine in ASCID
representation for displaying. The system
wholine ends with a CR and LF.
315 NPARIN This is the address of a word which contains the
number of parity errors detected with
indeterminate locations. The word at NPARIN-1 is
called NPARER and contains the total number of
parity errors detected.
316 JBTMAP This is the address of the job table of pointers
to each job's page map.
APPENDIX 4--DEVICE DATA BLOCKS (DDBS)
For each device used, there is a Device Data Block (DDB) in the
system in which is kept a collection of data pertinent to the device.
Certain devices (including the disk, the IMP, and TTYs) do not have
DDBs when they are not in use; other devices' DDBs are permanently
built into the list. With sharable devices such as the disk, there
is a DDB for each user I/O channel with the device open.
All the DDBs are linked together in one big list. The header for
this list is located at DEVLST; the left half of the word at DEVLST
points to the first DDB. (The word DEVLST is pointed to by the word
at absolute memory address 217; see Appendix 3.) All pointers to
DDBs point to word 0 of the DDB, which is the word containing the
device's physical name as explained below.
The data common to all DDBs is explained below. Other data is device
dependent.
WORD NAME CONTENTS
-1 DEVCMR This is a word of some special characteristics
for the device. Bit 0 (400000,,0 bit) is on if
the device has an internal system buffer. Bit 1
(200000,,0 bit) is on if the device service
routines can be called even if the device is
active. Bit 2 (100000,,0 bit) is on if the
device is sharable (e.g., the disk). Bit 3
(40000,,0 bit) is on if the device cannot be
assigned or INITed by jobs without the LUP
privilege. Bit 4 (20000,,0 bit) is on if the
device must be ASSIGNed before it can be INITed
(e.g., UDP).
0 DEVNAM This is the device's physical name in sixbit.
1 DEVCHR Bits 0:5 (770000,,0 bits) of this word contain
the number of the job the device belongs to, or
zero if the device is unused; if this field
contains zero and the device is ASSIGNed (see the
DEVCHR UUO on page 61), then the device has been
detached from the system (probably for
maintenance).
Bits 6:11 (7700,,0 bits) contain the current hung
time count down in seconds.
Bits 12:17 (77,,0 bits) contain the hung time in
seconds.
Bits 18:23 (0,,770000 bits) contain the unit
number for multiple unit devices like dectapes
and magnetic tapes.
Bits 24:35 (0,,7777 bits) contain the size in
words of the buffer this device uses.
2 DEVIOS This is the device's I/O status word. See
Section 2.6.
3 DEVSER The right half of this word contains the address
in the system of this device's UUO dispatch
table. The left half contains the address of the
next DDB in the list, or zero if this is the last
DDB.
4 DEVMOD This is the word returned by the DEVCHR UUO (see
page 61).
5 DEVLOG This is the device's logical name in sixbit, if
any.
6 DEVBUF The left half of this word contains the user
address of the output buffer header, if any. The
right half contains the user address of the input
buffer header, if any.
7 DEVIAD The right half of this word contains the user
address of the input buffer currently being used
for this device, or zero if none. The left half
of this word contains in the index field (bits
14:17--the 17,,0 bits) the number of a system AC
(PROG) used for indirecting through this word to
the input buffer.
10 DEVOAD The right half of this word contains the user
address of the output buffer currently being used
for this device, or zero if none. The left half
of this word contains in the index field (bits
14:17--the 17,,0 bits) the number of a system AC
(PROG) used for indirecting through this word to
the output buffer.
11 DEVFIL For directory devices like the disk and dectapes,
this word contains the sixbit name of the file
that is currently open, or zero if no file is
open.
12 DEVEXT For directory devices the left half of this word
contains the file name extension of the file
currently open.
13 FILPRO For disk files this word contains the protection,
mode and date/time written. For dectape files
this word contains the date written. See the
LOOKUP UUO on page 32.
14 FILPPN For disk files this word contains the
project-programmer name of the file currently
open.
APPENDIX 5--QUEUE NAMES AND NUMBERS
The table below lists the various queues which a job can be in along
with the codes representing the queues. The queue a job is in can be
found from the job table at JOBQUE, whose address is contained in the
word at absolute 231 (see Appendix 3). A job's entry in that table
may be either the positive code or the negative of the code for the
queue. See also the contents of absolute locations 224 (JBTQ), 234
(NQUES), and 235 (QNAMS) in Appendix 3.
CODE NAME QUEUE'S SIGNIFICANCE FOR JOBS IN IT
0 FUCKQ (This queue is unused.)
1 STQ Waiting for system tape to be free. (This
queue is unused.)
2 DTQ Waiting for dectape controller to be free.
3 DCQ Waiting for data controller (for magtape and
dectape) to be free.
4 MTQ Waiting for magtape controller to be free.
5 IOWQ Waiting for I/O to finish.
6 DIOWQ Waiting in core for I/O to finish.
7 DWQ Waiting for device to be available.
10 NULQ No core assigned.
11 STOPQ Job stopped.
12 INTWQ Waiting for an interrupt to occur.
13 SEGQ Upper segment waiting to be swapped in.
14 RUNQ Generalized run queue.
15 TQ High-priority run queue.
16 CMQ Waiting to be swapped in for a monitor
command to be processed.
APPENDIX 6--STANFORD CHARACTER SET
The table below gives the octal codes for characters in the Stanford
character set. The octal code for an ascii character is three digits
and is obtained for a character in the table by adding the ASCII
label of the character's row to the label of the character's column.
For example, the ascii code for "G" is 100+7, or 107. Similarly, the
octal code for a sixbit character is two digits and is obtained by
adding the SIXBIT label of the character's row to the label of the
character's column. For example, the sixbit code for "G" is 40+7, or
47. The sixbit code for a character is always 40 less than the ascii
code for that character. Note that the only characters with sixbit
representations are those with ascii codes in the range 40:137.
The abbreviations used for special characters in the table are
explained below.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ASCII
000 NUL ↓ α β ∧ ¬ ε π
010 λ TAB LF VT FF CR ∞ ∂
020 ⊂ ⊃ ∩ ∪ ∀ ∃ ⊗ ↔
SIXBIT 030 _ → ~ ≠ ≤ ≥ ≡ ∨
00 040 SPC ! " # $ % & '
10 050 ( ) * + , - . /
20 060 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
30 070 8 9 : ; < = > ?
40 100 @ A B C D E F G
50 110 H I J K L M N O
60 120 P Q R S T U V W
70 130 X Y Z [ \ ] ↑ ←
140 ` a b c d e f g
150 h i j k l m n o
160 p q r s t u v w
170 x y z { | ALT } BS
NUL (0) is a null.
TAB (11) is a tab.
LF (12) is a linefeed.
VT (13) is a vertical tab.
FF (14) is a formfeed.
CR (15) is a carriage return.
SPC (40) is a space.
ALT (175) is an altmode.
BS (177) is a backspace.
APPENDIX 7--UUOS BY NUMBER
-----UUOs----- ----CALLIs---- ----CALLIs----
Opcode Name Number Name Number Name
040 CALL 0 RESET 400012 UFBCLR
041 INIT 1 DDTIN 400013 JBTSTS
043 SPCWAR 2 SETDDT 400014 TTYIOS
047 CALLI 3 DDTOUT 400015 CORE2
050 OPEN 4 DEVCHR 400016 ATTSEG
051 TTYUUO 5 DDTGT 400017 DETSEG
055 RENAME 6 GETCHR 400020 SETPRO
056 IN 7 DDTRL 400021 SEGNUM
057 OUT 10 WAIT 400022 SEGSIZ
060 SETSTS 11 CORE 400023 LINKUP
061 STATO 12 EXIT 400024 DISMIS
062 GETSTS 13 UTPCLR 400025 INTENB
063 STATZ 14 DATE 400026 INTORM
064 INBUF 15 LOGIN 400027 INTACM
065 OUTBUF 16 APRENB 400030 INTENS
066 INPUT 17 LOGOUT 400031 INTIIP
067 OUTPUT 20 SWITCH 400032 INTIRQ
070 CLOSE 21 REASSI 400033 INTGEN
071 RELEAS 22 TIMER 400034 UWAIT
072 MTAPE 23 MSTIME 400035 DEBREA
073 UGETF 24 GETPPN 400036 SETNM2
074 USETI 25 TRPSET 400037 SEGNAM
075 USETO 26 TRPJEN 400040 IWAIT
076 LOOKUP 27 RUNTIM 400041 USKIP
077 ENTER 30 PJOB 400042 BUFLEN
31 SLEEP 400043 NAMEIN
701 DPYCLR 32 SETPOV 400044 SLEVEL
702 PPIOT 33 PEEK 400045 IENBW
703 UPGIOT 34 GETLN 400046 RUNMSK
704 UINBF 35 RUN 400047 TTYMES
705 UOUTBF 36 SETUWP 400050 JOBRD
706 FBREAD 37 REMAP 400051 DEVUSE
707 FBWRT 40 GETSEG 400052 SETPR2
710 MAIL 41 GETTAB 400053 GETPR2
711 PTYUUO 42 SPY 400054 RLEVEL
712 POINTS 43 SETNAM 400055 UFBPHY
713 UPGMVE 44 TMPCOR 400056 UFBSKP
714 UPGMVM 400057 FBWAIT
715 PGIOT 400000 SPWBUT 400060 UFBERR
716 CHNSTS 400001 CTLV 400061 WAKEME
717 CLKINT 400002 SETNAM 400062 GETNAM
720 INTMSK 400003 SPCWGO 400063 SNEAKW
721 IMSKST 400004 SWAP 400064 SNEAKS
722 IMSKCL 400005 EIOTM 400065 GDPTIM
723 INTUUO 400006 LIOTM 400066 SETPRV
724 IOPUSH 400007 PNAME 400067 DDCHAN
725 IOPOP 400010 UFBGET 400070 VDSMAP
726 IOPDL 400011 UFBGIV 400071 DSKPPN
----CALLIs---- ----TTYUUOs---
Number Name Number Name
400072 DSKTIM 0, INCHRW
400073 SETCRD 1, OUTCHR
400074 CALLIT 2, INCHRS
400075 XGPUUO 3, OUTSTR
400076 LOCK 4, INCHWL
400077 UNLOCK 5, INCHSL
400100 DAYCNT 6, GETLIN
400101 ACCTIM 7, SETLIN
400102 UNPURE 10, RESCAN
400103 TMPCRD 11, CLRBFI
400104 DEVNUM 12, CLRBFO
400105 ACTCHR 13, INSKIP
400106 UUOSIM 14, INWAIT
400107 PPSPY 15, SETACT
400110 ADSMAP 16, TTREAD
400111 BEEP 17, OUTFIV
400112 WHO
400113 TTYJOB
400114 NULMES ----PTYUUOs---
400115 GETPRV Number Name
400116 TTYSKP 0, PTYGET
400117 DIAL 1, PTYREL
2, PTIFRE
---MAIL UUOs-- 3, PTOCNT
Number Name 4, PTRD1S
0, SEND 5, PTRD1W
1, WRCV 6, PTWR1S
2, SRCV 7, PTWR1W
3, SKPME 10, PTRDS
4, SKPHIM 11, PTWRS7
5, SKPSEN 12, PTWRS9
13, PTGETL
----INTUUOs--- 14, PTSETL
Number Name 15, PTLOAD
0, INTDEJ 16, PTJOBX
1, IMSTW
2, IWKMSK
3, INTDMP
4, INTIPI ----PPIOTs----
5, IMSKCR Number Name
0, PPSEL
----PGIOTs---- 1, PPACT
Number Name 2, DPYPOS
0, PGSEL 3, DPYSIZ
1, PGACT 4, PPREL
2, PGCLR 5, PPINFO
3, DDUPG 6, LEYPOS
4, PGINFO 7, PPHLD
INDEX
136 interface 313
167 data channel 315
: 8
= 8
ACCTIM UUO (CALLI 400101) 169
ACTCHR UUO (CALLI 400105) 91
activation table 77, 84
ACWPRV bit (40,,0--privileges)
178
AD: the old AD/DA converter 313
ADC: new analog-to-digital
converter 309
ADSMAP UUO (CALLI 400110) 145
ALIAS 20
analog-to-digital converter, new
309
analog-to-digital converter, old
313
APRENB UUO (CALLI 16) 232
ARPA network 317
ascii character codes 368
ASCII, ASCID and ASCIZ
representations 362
ASSIGN command 46
ASTAB 365
ATTSEG UUO (CALLI 400016) 153
audio switch 144, 365
bad retrieval 36
BEEP UUO (CALLI 400111) 146
BGRAB bit (0,,200--ELF I/O
status) 322
bit numbers 8
bits, groups of 8
bits, references to 8
bless host 320
BMAR 291
buffer diagram 15
buffer header 13
buffer pointers 14
buffer rings 13
buffer rings, setting up 25
buffer sizes, nonstandard 28
buffer-creating UUOs 25
buffered mode 11
buffers 14
BUFLEN UUO (CALLI 400042) 30
BUSNIT bit (0,,4000--ELF I/O
status) 322
BUSTO bit (0,,20000--ELF I/O
status) 322
CALL UUO (UUO 040) 5
CALLI UUO (UUO 047) 5
CALLIT UUO (CALLI 400074) 187
cameras, TV 315
cart control transmitter (CAR)
330
channel number 10
channel use bits 60
CHARACTER MODE 75
character set 368
CHNSTS UUO (UUO 716) 60
CLKINT UUO (UUO 717) 213
CLKR bit (400,,0--job status)
185
clock interrupts 213
CLOSE UUO (UUO 070) 44
CLRBFI UUO (TTYUUO 11,) 80
CLRBFO UUO (TTYUUO 12,) 81
CLSR bit (20000,,0--IMP
connection status) 318
CLSS bit (40000,,0--IMP
connection status) 318
CMWB bit (200000,,0--job status)
185
COMBIT bit (400000,,0--TTYTAB)
365
compute time 170
CONNECT to socket 320
CONT bit (0,,100--ADC/DAC I/O
status) 310
CONTROL and META keys 68, 84,
106, 110, 283
control-C by PTYUUO, sending
110
CONTROL-CR, disabling 84
COPY 19
CORE UUO (CALLI 11) 172
CORE2 UUO (CALLI 400015) 152
creation date 32
CSTART command 364
CTLV UUO (CALLI 400001) 94
CTROV bit (0,,1000--IMP I/O
status) 318
CTYLIN bit (200000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
CYCDON bit (0,,20--ADC/DAC I/O
status) 310
CYCLE bit (0,,200--ADC/DAC I/O
status) 310
DA/AD converter, old 313
DAC: new digital-to-analog
converter 309
DART 19
Data Disc channels 140
Data Disc display system 348
Data Disc displays 117
data modes 11
data switches, PDP-10 console
186
date format, system 165
date last dumped 278
date last referenced 278
DATE UUO (CALLI 14) 165
dates and times from UUOs 164
DAWPRV bit
(200000,,0--privileges) 178
DAYCNT UUO (CALLI 400100) 166
DDBs 366
DDCHAN UUO (CALLI 400067) 141
DDDLIN bit (20000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
DDT 260, 364
DDT command 260, 364
DDTGT UUO (CALLI 5) 275
DDTIN UUO (CALLI 1) 270
DDTM bit (1000,,0--TTY I/O
status) 283
DDTOUT UUO (CALLI 3) 271
DDTRL UUO (CALLI 7) 275
DDUPG UUO (PGIOT 3,) 135
DEASSIGN command 46
DEBREAK UUO (CALLI 400035) 216
DEC UUOs 7
DECIMAL 8
dectapes 294
DELETE command 19
delete-protect bit (200--file
protection) 19
deleting files 34
detached jobs 77
DETSEG UUO (CALLI 400017) 154
DEVCHR UUO (CALLI 4) 61
device characteristics word 61
device data blocks 366
device I/O status word SEE I/O
status word
device names, logical and
physical 22
device unit number, finding 64
DEVNUM UUO (CALLI 400104) 64
DEVPRV bit (400,,0--privileges)
178
DEVSBB bit (1000,,0--I/O status)
16
DEVUSE UUO (CALLI 400051) 62
DIAL UUO (CALLI 400117) 335
dialer 334
digital-to-analog converter, new
309
digital-to-analog converter, old
313
directory files 18, 277
disk error codes 36
disk file protection system 19
disk file record offset 279
disk files 277
Disk PPN 20
disk transmission error 36
disk, bad retrieval for 36
disk, full 36
DISLIN bit (400000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
DISMIS UUO (CALLI 400024) 206,
214
display output 115
display programming, an example
357
display programs 129
displays, Data Disc 117
displays, III 116
displays, resetting 139
DLYBIT bit (200000,,0--TTYTAB)
365
DMPBIT bit (0,,400--disk I/O
status) 280
DPY headers 365
DPYCLR UUO (UUO 701) 139
DPYOUT 130
DPYPOS UUO (PPIOT 2,) 122
DPYSIZ UUO (PPIOT 3,) 123
DSK: the file disk 277
DSKPPN UUO (CALLI 400071) 21
DSKTIM UUO (CALLI 400072) 275
DTAs: dectapes 294
dump date for disk files 278
dump mode 11, 12
dump mode command lists 12
dump-never bit (400--file
protection) 19
ECHARR bit (10000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
echo suppression for terminals
67, 77, 94, 114
EIOTM UUO (CALLI 400005) 262
ELF: the PDP-11 interface 321
ENTER UUO (UUO 077) 33, 306
ENTERs, long block 278
ENTRB bit (0,,20000--channel
status) 60
escape characters by PTYUUO,
sending 106
example of display programming
357
example of general I/O 356
example of using interrupts 358
EXIT UUO (CALLI 12) 248
extended UUOs 4
FAIL 4, 5
fast bands 234
FBERP bit (0,,4000--job status)
185
FBINP bit (0,,10000--job status)
185
FBJWT bit (0,,2000--job status)
185
FBREAD UUO (UUO 706) 240
FBWAIT UUO (CALLI 400057) 245
FBWPRV bit (4,,0--privileges)
178
FBWRT UUO (UUO 707) 241
FCS bit (20,,0--line
characteristics) 77
file dumping 19
file protection bits 19
file's protection, mode written,
and date/time written 32
filenames 17
filenames, changing 34
files 17
files, creating 33
files, deleting 34
files, extending 54
files, opening 31
files, random access of 51
files, updating 35
Font compile and select 291
Font Compiler 292
full-character-set mode 77
FULTWX bit (4,,0--line
characteristics) 77
gadgets, special I/O 333
GARBIT bit (0,,200--disk I/O
status) 280
GARBIT bit (0,,200--UDP I/O
status) 308
GCW 287
GDPTIM UUO (CALLI 400065) 275
GETCHR UUO (CALLI 6) 272
GETLIN UUO (TTYUUO 6,) 77
GETLN UUO (CALLI 34) 95
GETNAM UUO (CALLI 400062) 175
GETPPN UUO (CALLI 24) 174
GETPR2 UUO (CALLI 400053) 189
GETPRV UUO (CALLI 400115) 178
GETSEG UUO (CALLI 40) 275
GETSTS UUO (UUO 062) 56
GETTAB UUO (CALLI 41) 275
glitch hold count 125, 127
glitches 123
GRAB bit (10,,0--ELF USET) 325
Group Command Word 287
HDEAD bit (0,,2000--IMP I/O
status) 318
hidden records 279
high segments SEE upper
segments
HNGTRP bit (0,,200--LPT I/O
status) 285
HUNG bit (0,,1000--ELF I/O
status) 322
I/O byte pointer and byte count
13
I/O channels 10
I/O devices 276
I/O status error bits 38
I/O status testing and setting
55
I/O status word 16, 56, 57, 65
I/O UUOs, example sequence of 9
I/O, an example 356
I/O, general 9
I/O, synchronous 16
I/O, terminating 43
I/O, transferring data 37
I/O, TTY 66
IBUFB bit (0,,200000--channel
status) 60
ICLOSB bit (0,,2000--channel
status) 60
IENBW UUO (CALLI 400045) 218
III display processor 336
III displays 116
illegal memory reference 207
ILM bit (0,,20000--interrupts)
207
IMLACs, sending special commands
to 86
IMLIN bit (2000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
IMLTTY bit (40000,,0--TTY I/O
status) 283
IMP 317
IMPBIT bit (1000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
IMSKCL UUO (UUO 722) 223
IMSKCR UUO (INTUUO 5,) 230
IMSKST UUO (UUO 721) 222
IMSTW UUO (INTUUO 1,) 226
IN UUO (UUO 056) 38
INBFB bit (0,,400--channel
status) 60
INBUF UUO (UUO 064) 26
INCHRS UUO (TTYUUO 2,) 73
INCHRW UUO (TTYUUO 0,) 71
INCHSL UUO (TTYUUO 5,) 76
INCHWL UUO (TTYUUO 4,) 75
information UUOs 163
INFPRV bit (20,,0--privileges)
178
INIT UUO (UUO 041) 23
INITB bit (0,,400000--channel
status) 60
initializing a device 22
INPB bit (0,,10000--channel
status) 60
INPUT UUO (UUO 066) 39
input/output SEE I/O
INSKIP UUO (TTYUUO 13,) 82
INTACM UUO (CALLI 400027) 211
INTCLK bit (200,,0--interrupts)
207
INTDEJ UUO (INTUUO 0,) 225
INTDMP UUO (INTUUO 3,) 228
INTENB UUO (CALLI 400025) 209
INTENS UUO (CALLI 400030) 212
interrupt level 208
interrupt mask 221, 230
interrupt-wait wakeup mask 227
interrupts pending 220
interrupts, an example 358
interrupts, generating 219, 229
interrupts, new-style 208
interrupts, old-style 231
interrupts, user 207
INTFOV bit (0,,100--interrupts)
207
INTGEN UUO (CALLI 400033) 219
INTIIP UUO (CALLI 400031) 267
INTIMS bit (20,,0--interrupts)
207, 318
INTINP bit (10,,0--interrupts)
207, 318
INTINR bit (100,,0--IMP
connection status) 318
INTINR bit (100,,0--interrupts)
207, 318
INTINS bit (40,,0--IMP connection
status) 318
INTINS bit (40,,0--interrupts)
207, 318
INTIPI UUO (INTUUO 4,) 229
INTIRQ UUO (CALLI 400032) 220
INTMAIL bit (4000,,0--interrupts)
207
INTMSK UUO (UUO 720) 221
INTORM UUO (CALLI 400026) 210
INTOV bit (0,,10--interrupts)
207
INTPAR bit (400,,0--interrupts)
207
INTPTI bit (10000,,0--interrupts)
207
INTPTO bit (1000,,0--interrupts)
207
INTQXF bit (2,,0--interrupts)
207
introduction 2
INTSHD bit (40000,,0--interrupts)
207
INTSHW bit
(100000,,0--interrupts) 207
INTSWD bit
(200000,,0--interrupts) 207
INTSWW bit
(400000,,0--interrupts) 207
INTTTI bit (4,,0--interrupts)
207
INTTTY bit (20000,,0--interrupts)
207
INTUUO UUO (UUO 723) 224
INTWAIT bit (2000,,0--interrupts)
207
INWAIT UUO (TTYUUO 14,) 83
IO SEE I/O
IO bit (20,,0--I/O status) 16
IOACT bit (0,,10000--ELF I/O
status) 322
IOACT bit (0,,10000--I/O status)
16
IOAFT bit (0,,4000--ADC/DAC I/O
status) 310
IOBEG bit (2,,0--I/O status) 16
IOBKTL bit (0,,40000--DTA I/O
status) 295
IOBKTL bit (0,,40000--I/O status)
16, 38
IOBOT bit (0,,4000--MTA I/O
status) 299
IOCON bit (0,,40--I/O status)
16
IODEND bit (0,,20000--I/O status)
16, 38
IODERR bit (0,,200000--ELF I/O
status) 322
IODERR bit (0,,200000--I/O
status) 16, 38
IODERR bit (0,,200000--XGP I/O
status) 289
IODTER bit (0,,100000--I/O
status) 16, 38
IODTER bit (0,,100000--XGP I/O
status) 289
IOEND bit (40,,0--I/O status)
16
IOFST bit (4,,0--I/O status) 16
IOIMPM bit (0,,400000--ELF I/O
status) 322
IOIMPM bit (0,,400000--I/O
status) 16, 38
IOIMPM bit (0,,400000--XGP I/O
status) 289
IONRCK bit (0,,100--MTA I/O
status) 299
IOP 315
IOPAR bit (0,,1000--MTA I/O
status) 299
IOPDL UUO (UUO 726) 50
IOPOP UUO (UUO 725) 49
IOPUSH UUO (UUO 724) 48
IOSUPR bit (0,,1000--TTY I/O
status) 283
IOSYNC bit (0,,40--ADC/DAC I/O
status) 310
IOT UUOs 7
IOT-USER mode 3, 262, 361
IOTEND bit (0,,2000--MTA I/O
status) 299
IOTEND bit (0,,2000--XGP I/O
status) 289
IOW bit (1,,0--I/O status) 16
IOWC bit (0,,20--I/O status)
14, 16
IOWD 12, 363
IWAIT UUO (CALLI 400040) 217
IWKMSK UUO (INTUUO 2,) 227
JACCT bit (100000,,0--job status)
185
JBTSTS UUO (CALLI 400013) 185
JERR bit (20000,,0--job status)
185
JHLDIN bit (2,,0--job status)
185
JLOCK bit (0,,100000--job status)
185
JLOG bit (10000,,0--job status)
185
JNA bit (40000,,0--job status)
185
job data area 364
job information 171
job name 175, 176, 184
job number 173
job status word 185
job using a device 62
JOBAPR 207, 208, 231, 364
JOBCNI 207, 208, 231, 267, 364
JOBDDT 260, 364
JOBENB 364
JOBFF 25, 250, 364
JOBHCU 364
JOBHRL 147, 364
JOBINT 208, 364
JOBJDA 364
JOBOPC 364
JOBPC 364
JOBRD UUO (CALLI 400050) 257
JOBREL 25, 147, 364
JOBREN 364
jobs waiting for a device, number
of 62
JOBSA 250, 251, 364
JOBTPC 207, 208, 216, 231, 364
JSEG bit (1000,,0--job status)
185
JWP bit (1,,0--job status) 185
KILPRV bit (1000,,0--privileges)
178
LERSEE bit (40000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
LETAB 365
letters, =32 word 191
LEYPOS UUO (PPIOT 6,) 126
LF insertion after CRs 67, 77
Librascope fast band storage
234
line characteristics 77, 78,
365
line characteristics, PTY 111
line editor Y-position 126
line hold count 125, 127
LINE MODE 75
line number, finding TTY 77
line printer (LPT) 284
LINKUP UUO (CALLI 400023) 150
LINTAB 365
LIOTM UUO (CALLI 400006) 269
LISTEN for connect to socket
320
LMAR 291
LOCK UUO (CALLI 400076) 258
logical device name 22
LOGIN UUO (CALLI 15) 263
LOGOUT UUO (CALLI 17) 264
LOOKB bit (0,,40000--channel
status) 60
LOOKUP UUO (UUO 076) 32
LOOKUPs, long block 278
LOST bit (0,,2000--ADC/DAC I/O
status) 310
low core monitor pointers 365
lower segments SEE upper
segments
LPT: the line printer 284
LPTNCC bit (0,,100--LPT I/O
status) 285
LUP bit (1,,0--privileges) 19,
148
LUPPRV bit (1,,0--privileges)
178
MACRO 5
magnetic tapes 298
mail system, inter-job 191
mail system, inter-job, an
example 358
MAIL UUO (UUO 710) 192
mail, receiving 196
mail, sending 193
mailboxes, peeking at 199
margins, XGP 291
MESPRV bit (2000,,0--privileges)
178
META key SEE CONTROL and META
keys
MFD (Master File Directory) 18
microswitch keyboard bits 85
misc. UUOs 247
modes, I/O data 11
monitor calls 3
monitor commands, rescanning 79
monitor, peeking at the 183
MSTIME UUO (CALLI 23) 168
MTAPE UUO (UUO 072) 282, 291,
301, 312, 320, 328
MTAPE UUO for ADC & DAC 311
MTAPE UUO for magnetic tapes
300
MTAPE UUO for the disk 281
MTAPE UUO for the ELF 328
MTAPE UUO for the IMP 319
MTAPE UUO for the XGP 290
MTAs: magnetic tapes 298
NAMEIN UUO (CALLI 400043) 184
network, ARPA 317
NOECHB bit (0,,400--TTY I/O
status) 283
NOECHO bit (0,,200--TTY I/O
status) 283
non-existent memory reference
207
NOPAR bit (20,,0--ELF USET) 325
NRETRY bit (0,,100--ELF I/O
status) 322
NULMES UUO (CALLI 400114) 89
NXM bit (0,,10000--interrupts)
207
NXM11 bit (0,,40000--ELF I/O
status) 322
OBUFB bit (0,,100000--channel
status) 60
OCLOSB bit (0,,1000--channel
status) 60
OCTAL 8
OPEN UUO (UUO 050) 24
OUT UUO (UUO 057) 40
OUTBFB bit (0,,200--channel
status) 60
OUTBUF UUO (UUO 065) 27
OUTCHR UUO (TTYUUO 1,) 72
OUTFIV UUO (TTYUUO 17,) 86
OUTPB bit (0,,4000--channel
status) 60
OUTPUT UUO (UUO 067) 41
OUTSTR UUO (TTYUUO 3,) 74
overflow, arithmetic 207
page printer 118, 125
paper tape 302, 303
PARITY bit (0,,2000--ELF I/O
status) 322
parity error 207, 208
PAUSEB bit (100000,,0--TTYTAB)
365
PC flags 360
PDP-10 information 359
PDP-11 interface (ELF) 321
PEEK UUO (CALLI 33) 190
PGACT UUO (PGIOT 1,) 133
PGCLR UUO (PGIOT 2,) 134
PGINFO UUO (PGIOT 4,) 136
PGIOT UUO (UUO 715) 131
PGSEL UUO (PGIOT 0,) 132
phantom jobs 256
physical device name 22, 63
physical name of attached TTY
95
pieces of glass 116, 133, 136
PIECES OF PAPER 118
PJOB UUO (CALLI 30) 173
plotter (PTP) 302
PMAR 288, 291
PNAME UUO (CALLI 400007) 63
POINTS UUO (UUO 712) 160
poping I/O channels 47
POV bit (0,,200000--interrupts)
207
PPACT UUO (PPIOT 1,) 121
PPHLD UUO (PPIOT 7,) 127
PPINFO UUO (PPIOT 5,) 125
PPIOT UUO (UUO 702) 119
PPN 17, 18, 20, 21, 174
PPREL UUO (PPIOT 4,) 124
PPSEL UUO (PPIOT 0,) 120
PPSPY UUO (CALLI 400107) 128
PRIPRV bit
(400000,,0--privileges) 178
PRIVILEGES, ACTIVE 178
privileges, active 179
PRIVILEGES, PASSIVE 178
PRIVILEGES, TEMPORARY 178
project-programmer name SEE PPN
PROPRV bit
(100000,,0--privileges) 178
protection constant of a job
364
protection key for disk files
19
pseudo-teletypes 96
PTGETL UUO (PTYUUO 13,) 111
PTIFRE UUO (PTYUUO 2,) 102
PTJOBX UUO (PTYUUO 16,) 114
PTLOAD UUO (PTYUUO 15,) 113
PTOCNT UUO (PTYUUO 3,) 103
PTP: paper tape punch and plotter
302
PTR: paper tape reader 303
PTRD1S UUO (PTYUUO 4,) 104
PTRD1W UUO (PTYUUO 5,) 105
PTRDS UUO (PTYUUO 10,) 108
PTSETL UUO (PTYUUO 14,) 112
PTWR1S UUO (PTYUUO 6,) 106
PTWR1W UUO (PTYUUO 7,) 107
PTWRS7 UUO (PTYUUO 11,) 109
PTWRS9 UUO (PTYUUO 12,) 110
PTY echoing 96
PTY line characteristics 111
PTY line characteristics, initial
96
PTY line numbers 96
PTYGET UUO (PTYUUO 0,) 100
PTYJOB 365
PTYLIN bit (4000,,0--line
characteristics) 77
PTYREL UUO (PTYUUO 1,) 101
PTYs 96
PTYs doing display output 115
PTYUSE bit (200,,0--line
characteristics) 77
PTYUUO UUO (UUO 711) 98
PTYUUOs to TTYs 99
PTYWAK bit (400,,0--line
characteristics) 77, 105
push-down stack overflow 207,
233
pushing I/O channels 47
queue names and numbers 367
RAID 260, 364
random access to files 51
re-edited line, activation
character of 91, 125
re-edited line, number of
characters in 83
re-editing lines with PTLOAD
113
Read-Alter (RA) mode 35
reading data 38
REAPRV bit (40000,,0--privileges)
178
REASSI UUO (CALLI 21) 46
record offset feature 279, 282
REENTER command 364
reference date for disk files
278
RELEAS UUO (UUO 071) 45, 327
REMAP UUO (CALLI 37) 151
RENAME UUO (UUO 055) 34, 307
RENAMEs, long block 278
RESCAN UUO (TTYUUO 10,) 79
RESET UUO (CALLI 0) 250
RFCR bit (100000,,0--IMP
connection status) 318
RFCS bit (200000,,0--IMP
connection status) 318
RLEVEL UUO (CALLI 400054) 182
RMAR 291
ROBTPD bit (40,,0--line
characteristics) 77
RSET bit (0,,400--IMP I/O status)
318
RUN bit (400000,,0--job status)
185
RUN UUO (CALLI 35) 252
RUNMSK UUO (CALLI 400046) 275
RUNTIM UUO (CALLI 27) 170
saving and restoring I/O channels
47
SAVJDA bit (0,,400000--job
status) 185
SDEAD1 bit (0,,20000--job status)
185
SDEADIN bit (0,,40000--job
status) 185
second segments SEE upper
segments
SEGNAM UUO (CALLI 400037) 161
SEGNUM UUO (CALLI 400021) 162
λ¬'∃∂!%,↓ESh@ d``X0`Z[aISmSY∃OKfR4∀@@@Dnp~∃M ∂'∪hA++≡Qπβ→1∩@h`@`ddR@@dnP~∃' 9λA++<@Q≠β%_@`X$@@@bdh~∃g∃emSG∀AYKm∃X@@@DpbX@Dpd~∃M )βπPA++≡Q))3U+≡@bTXR@@ph~∃M )π%⊂A++≡Qπβ→1∩@h`@`nfR@@bn\~∃' Q (AU+≡@Q
β→→∩dR@@dl`~)' )→%≤A++<@Q))e++≡@\XR@@np~∃M )≥β4A++≡Qπβ→1∩@h`@``dR@@dnL~∃' Q≥β~AU+≡@Q
β→→∩hfR@@bnl4∃' )9~dA+U≡@Qπ¬→→∩@P```fXR@@@Djr~∃M )!∨XA++≡Qπβ→1∩@fd$@@@dLf~∃'∃)!$d↓++≡@!πβ→→$@h``@jdR@@bpp4∃' )A%≡A+U≡@Qπ¬→→∩@P```d@R@@@Djp~∃M )!%XA++≡Qπβ→1∩@h`@`llR@@bnd~∃' Q')&AU+≡@QU+≡@`X`R@@jn~∃M )+/@A++≡Qπβ→1∩@fl$@@@bTl~∃'≥≥ 1(↓ESh@ hXX`4[ → ↓+' ($@@@fHj~∃'! AESP@Ph`@`XX`4[U←D↓giCiUfR~∀@@bpT~∃gS5kYCi%]NA+U∨f@@djj~)gSqE%hAGQ¬eCGi∃dAG←⊃Kf@@flp~)'∪1¬%(AeKAeKgK9iCiS=\@@@Lld~∃M↔!⊃∪4A++≡Q≠β∪0@hXR@@d`D~∃'↔A≠
A+U≡@Q≠¬∪_@f0R@@@H``~∃M↔!' 8A++≡Q≠β∪0@jXR@@brT~∃'→∃ A+U≡@Qπ¬→→∩@LbR@@dhr~)'→ -∃_A++<@Qπβ1→∩@h@``hh$@@@b`b~∃'9 β↔&↓++≡@!πβ→→$@h``@lhR@@r`~)'≥ β-.A++<@Qπβ1→∩@h@``lf$@@@r@~∃'≥-/β(A Sh@PH````@XX`Z5))2A$←≡~∀@Agi¬ikfR@@dpL~∃g←U]HAg=keGKL@@@bPh~∃g=k]HAMsgiK4X@h[
QC]]∃X@@@Lbf~∃MaCGK]CdAEUii←]L@@@d@dX@dXb~∃gACGKo¬dAYKYKXXA∃qKGkQS]NAU+∨fA¬h~∀@@d`d4∃gaC
KoCd↓[←IJ@@d`H~∃ga¬GKoCHA[←IUYKfX↓WSYY%]N@@d`h~)'!π¬I⊗AESP@Pb`@XX`Z5YS]J4∀@@A
QCeC
iKeSMiSGf$@@@n\~∃'!
/β$AU+≡@QU+≡@`PfR@@d`h~)'!π/≥≡A++<@Qπβ1→∩@h@```f$@@@d@j~∃gAKGSC0ACGi%mCiS=\A[←⊃J@@@\nX@pP~∃'!]¬+(AU+≡@Q
β→→∩h```@`R@@dlb~)'!2AU+≡@Q
β→→∩hdR@@dnj4∃'%πXA++≡Q≠β∪0@dXR@@br`~∃''¬-
AG=[[C]⊂@@@bPr~∃'M→!%,↓ESh@ b``X0`Z[aISmSY∃OKfR4∀@@@Dnp~∃MiC]M=eHA+U∨f@@n~∃'Qβ%(A
←[[C9H@@@Llh~∃M)β)≡↓++≡@!++≡@@lbR@@jr~)giCiUfAo←IHXAI∃mSGJ↓∩←≡@A'
↓∩←≡~(@@AgQCikf↓o←eH4∃')βQ4A++<@Q++<@`lf$@@@j`~∃'+A¬)&A Sh@P@XXbZ5' )β
(AM←UeiP~(@@Ao=eHR@@ph~)'+!π
$AESP@P`X0dZ['∃)βπ(↓M←keQP~∀@Ao←e⊂R@@@`h~∃'U!%
↓ESh@ `XXb@``Z[1!(A∩=≡~∀@AgiCQkfR@@dpj4∃'+!Mπ~AE%h@P`0XhZ[M )βπPAM←kIiP~∀@Ao←IHR@@ph~∃M/β AU+≡@Q
β→→∩h```@hR@@djb~)'/∪)
⊂A++<@Qπβ1→∩@d@R@@@Dpl~∃M/ AE%h@Pd@``XX@Z[U←λAgiCQkfR~(@@@b`j~∃'e≥εAE%h@Pd@```X0`Z[)Q2A∩←<~∀@@↓giCiUfR@@dpf~)'3' ∃,AESP@P`X0b``Z5GQC]9KX~∀@Agi¬ikfR@@l`4∃gsgQKZAI¬iJAM=e[Ch@@blT~∃)¬a!≥λA Sh@PD`XX`4[YS]∀~∀@@↓GQCe¬GiKe%giSGLR@@@\n~∃i∃e[S]¬Yf@@↓'
AQ)3f~)iKe[%]←Y←≥rAS\↓iQSf↓[C]k¬X@@@`~∃)∪5 $A+U≡@Qπ¬→→∩@HdR@@bln~))→↔!I,AESP@Pb`0X`Z[AeSmS1KOKf$~∀@@bnp~))→↔%9∞AESP@PbX0`Z[Y%]J~∀@AGQ¬eCGi∃eSgi%GfR@@nn~))≠β$@@dp`X@drD~∃)≠<AEShP`XXH``Z[%≠ A∩=≡Agi¬ikfR4∀@@@Lbp~∃Q≠!π∨HA++≡Qπβ→1∩@hh$@@@dTf~∃)5!π%λ↓++≡@!πβ→→$@h``D`fR@@djh4∃)∨∪@AEShPb``@`XX`4[))2↓∩←≡~(@@AgQCikf$@@@d`f~∃)A≠∨≤A Sh@PP``XX@Z[))dA∩←≡4∀@@AMiCikLR@@@Hpf~∃Q%!∃ 8A++≡Qπβ→1∩@dl$@@@d\j~∃)I!' (↓++≡@!πβ→→$@djR@@dnT~∃))
β→_@@lr~)))% ¬λA++<@Q))e++≡@DlXR@@pj~)))2@@dpf4∃))2↓KGQ←%]N@@lnX@dh~∃)Q2A∩←<@@@lX~∃))dA∩←≡↓giCiUfAo←IH@@@XjX@d`f~∃)Q2AS]AkhAEUMMKd0AaKK-S]NA¬h@@@d`~∃)Q2AS]AkhAEUMMKeLXAGY∃CeS]≤@@@p@~∃))dAS]aUhXA→_AS]g∃eiS←8@@@l\~∃))dAYS]∀AGQCICGiKISgiS
f@@@\n~∃)Q2AYS9JA]k5EKdX↓MS]I%]N@@nn~∃Q)2A←Uiakh↓EkMM∃dXAG1KCeS9N@@@`b~∃)Q2A++=fXA[%gGKY1C]K←Uf@@@`n~∃)Q2Aβ%I∨.AC9HA))dA≥≡A¬%%∨.@@nn4∃))2↓ π⊃≡↓C]HAQ)2A≥<A π⊃<@@@n\~∃))dA
∪→0AC]H↓))2A9≡A
∪1_@@@\n~∃)Q2A
+1_AC]⊂A))2↓≥≡A
U→_@@nn~∃Q)2A)¬∧AC]⊂A))2↓≥≡A)¬∧@@@\n~∃)Q2XAa!sgSG¬XA]C5JA←L↓CiiC
QKH~(@@@rT~∃))dXAgK9IS]N↓BA[KMgCOJ↓i↑AB@@pp0~∀@@pr~∃Q)3 ) AEShPd``@XX`Z5))2A$←≡~∀@Agi¬ikfR@@dpL~∃))e
∪_A Sh@PD````@XX`Z5YS]J4∀@@A
QCeC
iKeSMiSGf$@@@n\~∃))e⊃→λA Sh@PD````@XX`Z5))2A$←≡~∀@Agi¬ikfR@@dpL~∃))IOS UUO (CALLI 400014) 65
TTYIOW bit (400000,,0--TTY I/O
status) 283
TTYJOB UUO (CALLI 400113) 93
TTYMES UUO (CALLI 400047) 88
TTYSKP UUO (CALLI 400116) 92
TTYTAB 365
TTYUUO UUO (UUO 051) 70
TV cameras 315
UDP unload light 331
UDP: new disk-style usage 277
UDP: old-style usage 305
UDP: user disk pack 304
UDPPRV bit (10000,,0--privileges)
178
UDSD bit (0,,100--DTA I/O status)
295
UFBCLR UUO (CALLI 400012) 238
UFBERR UUO (CALLI 400060) 246
UFBGET UUO (CALLI 400010) 236
UFBGIV UUO (CALLI 400011) 237
UFBPHY UUO (CALLI 400055) 243
UFBSKP UUO (CALLI 400056) 244
UFDs 18, 277
UGETF UUO (UUO 073) 54, 326
UINBF UUO (UUO 704) 28
understanding this manual 8
unit number of a device 64
UNLOCK UUO (CALLI 400077) 259
UNPURE UUO (CALLI 400102) 157
unused opcodes 3
UOUTBF UUO (UUO 705) 29
UPGIOT UUO (UUO 703) 130
UPGMVE UUO (UUO 713) 138
UPGMVM UUO (UUO 714) 137
UPGPRV bit (4000,,0--privileges)
178
upper segments 147
upper segments, making and
killing 149
upper segments, protection keys
of 148, 158
upper segments, simulated 188
upper segments, status of 155
upper segments, write protecting
148, 156
user disk pack (UDP) 304
user interrupt system SEE
interrupts, user
user level 208
user UUOs 6
USET pointer 282
USETI UUO (UUO 074) 52, 324
USETO UUO (UUO 075) 53, 325
USKIP UUO (CALLI 400041) 268
USRB bit (100,,0--TTY I/O status)
283
UTPCLR UUO (CALLI 13) 297
UUO mnemonics 4, 187
UUO trapping 6
UUOs 3
UUOs at spacewar level 202
UUOs by number 369
UUOs, extended 4
UUOs, obsolete 265
UUOs, simulating 255
UUOs, user-defined 6
UUOSIM UUO (CALLI 400106) 255
UWAIT UUO (CALLI 400034) 215
VDSMAP UUO (CALLI 400070) 143
vectors, XGP 288
video switch 142
voder: the voice synthesizer
329
voice synthesizer (voder) 329
WAIT UUO (CALLI 10) 42
WAKEME UUO (CALLI 400061) 256
wakeup mask, interrupt-wait 227
WHO UUO (CALLI 400112) 180
WIPEJD bit (0,,200000--job
status) 185
word count computation 16
WRCV UUO (MAIL 1,) 197
writing data 40
WRTPRV bit (20000,,0--privileges)
178
Xerox Graphics Printer (XGP)
286
XGP character mode 288
XGP escapes 288
XGP vectors 288
XGP video mode 287
XGP: Xerox Graphics Printer 286
XGPPRV bit (2,,0--privileges)
178
XGPUUO UUO (CALLI 400075) 293
XLINE 288, 291
XON bit (2,,0--line
characteristics) 77
XPARMS UUO (formerly CALLI
400103) 275
Y-position of line editor 126